GreontOlinguistics is a cross -disciplinary discipline that has emerged in recent years，Breeding from the elderly and linguistics。Current，Compared with children's language research，The research results of elderly linguistics are very small。The reason why it has been ignored，It is because people have misunderstanding some misunderstandings about the language of the elderly in the past。The most important thing is that people's language habits will not change after the critical period (adolescence)，The language of the elderly belongs to the language of ordinary adults，At most, there are only some degeneration and defects。So，Even if there are some research，It is also mainly targeted at the language grinding of the elderly。

In the past two decades，The language and words of the elderly have gradually become neurological linguistics、Research objects commonly recognized by psychological linguistics and social linguistics，Involved in pathology、Three dimensions of psychology and society。

　　bet365 Play online games

Elderly language studies in the pathological dimension involve the following topics: losing losses of brain aging and elderly language、Elderly people's speech disorder and rehabilitation treatment，Pay special attention to those elderly people with difficult communication，If you have old age depression、Elderly group of dismissal and Alzheimer's disease，They don’t want to talk，Unintentional social，Even staying alone in closed doors。

Investigation discovered，Elderly language disorders are more common phenomena。The language barrier of the elderly is usually not by congenital factors，Instead, it is caused Bet365 app download by the aging of the body's brain and the obtained disease。For example，Elderly hearing impairment will affect speech recognition -unable to hear the low voice，treble intoxicated; many people can only understand slow language flow，and the linguistic flow under fast or strong noise is difficult to understand。Patients with elderly depression, naming ability decreases，The language expression is relatively slow，Lack of linguistic stream，Standard time for a long time，Limited language communication; Alzheimer's disease、Parkinson disease、Cerebral vascular lesions、Cerebral infarction、Brain tumor may cause a lesions in a specific area or the entire brain nervous system in a brain，Treatment of varying degrees of dismissal and distortion symptoms。

At present, pathological linguistics mostly use EEG (EEG)、MRI (FMRI)、Acoustics、Eye movement and other multi -modal technical means，To get multi -dimensional data，Study language barrier and language recovery for the elderly。But，Language pathology is just an important aspect of the study of the language of the elderly，Multi -disciplinary three -dimensional research is the comprehensive and scientific study of the language of the elderly。

　　The perspective of psychology is indispensable

In addition to the physiological basis of human language，It also contains complex psychological processes。The relationship between the language and cognitive activities of psychological linguistics，Revelation and experimentation of words through observation and experiments、Understanding、Psychological mechanism of output expression。

The most common way to study language learning is the language performance of parents observing their children，Through diary、Recording and other forms to study children's language development。Although in the wave of urbanization and the world of immigration，bet365 live casino games The phenomenon of immigration with children is more and more，But for a long time，The two -character acquisition phenomenon of the elderly immigration group is still ignored by people。What are the characteristics of the language acquisition of the elderly? Is it constrained by cognitive aging?，To make up for work memory、Event memory and association memory decline? Related research is far from enough。

Language output is one of the important topics of psychological linguistics research。Named loss of speech during the language generation of the elderly、Repeat the topic、Vocabulary and average statement length narrowed、Daily average language expression decreases、Falling grammar complexity、Multiple characteristics of words。Following the psychological mechanism of the failure of the elderly's vocabulary extraction，Study the phenomenon and laws of language erosion of the elderly, as well as the role of work memory in language processing，It has become an important subject of psychological linguistics。

The ability of the language output and perception of the elderly is not symmetrical，Many elderly people with normal language output ability also have verbal identification、Difficulties in perception and understanding。The understanding of the language is restricted by cognitive aging。Some researchers use regression technology to inspect the reading process，I found that the elderly decline due to work memory，For new contact or name、Gecest name、Numbers, etc. Forgotten particularly fast; slow word retrieval and information processing speed cause both listening ability to decrease。At the same time，Understanding the meaning of discourse must be based on the existing knowledge framework in memory and the stored proposition system。Old event graphic and scene maps will affect the identification of new concepts and new bet365 live casino games words for the elderly，To selectively processed the statement information，and the traditional character icon will mislead the understanding of the elderly for specific words，Social participation ability that affects the elderly。

　Social Linguistics Research serious insufficiency

Compared with pathological linguistics and psychological linguistics，Elderly language research from the perspective of social linguistics is still very scarce。The following topics are related to social linguistics，Still waiting for people to discuss in -depth discussions。

Mutation of Language for the Elderly。People generally think that children's language is a unique variant，There is a difference in age with the language of youth，But the social environment of the elderly and their communication needs will also lead to a variant of a specific age group，At present, there are very few research on this type of variant。Another，If the characteristics of the elderly language variant are projected on all individuals，It may cause stereotypes，Forms the language discrimination of the elderly -related research is far from enough。

Elderly discourse strategy。Elderly people may use various discourse strategies (such as for the past narratives) to show their authoritative and enjoyable social status; early patients in Alzheimer's disease will give the answer cleverly without pointing to the problem area of ​​the question area.，As a result, "covering" the extent of their communication obstacles (such as finding words)。If you can build a large -scale elderly, use the communication corpus，Examples of interaction of seizures for elderly patients，You can reveal the senior discourse strategy。

Elderly language inheritance。People generally recognize that large -scale population migration will affect language changes，But rarely studies the effect of exploring the aging population bet365 best casino games on language changes。Aging will lead to a relatively increased population of the elderly，The proportion of the total population has continued to rise。Compared with those who are younger in the average age of members，Members in the endangered language community are high for many years，The "Language Ditch" caused by the general aging population may affect the language inheritance，Reconstruction of the speech community。but，Will this age structure affect the intergenerational change of language，Whether it will cause the vitality of the community to reduce the vitality，What impact will the social language specification and language change mode，Lack of discussion。

Adaptation to the elderly language。During the urbanization process，People can often see the elderly in the countryside leave their homeland，Come to the city，Family that integrates into the son and daughter -in -law (daughter -in -law)。At this time。It is generally considered，The language adaptation ability of the elderly is weak。There are empirical research discoveries，Some local elderly people in Shanghai will not speak Putting，This affects the communication between the mobile elderly and the local elderly，As a result, some mobile elderly people feel difficult to integrate into the new environment in Shanghai。

Elderly Language Service。With the arrival of an aging society，Hospital、Bank、Library、Community Management Center、Conservation Center and other public service windows began to pay attention to language services for the elderly。Investigation discovered，Nurses of the elderly institution except using controllars，Sometimes Baby Talk，Through exaggerated voice tone and intimate words，Exaggerated praise to small achievements; some employees are in harmony with the elderly，Try to talk about the hometown of the elderly; when the relationship Bet365 app download is not good，Mandarin for changing the standard for it，As a "punishment"; the asymmetry of discourse power of the elderly and nursing employees is the general feature of the speech interaction of the elderly institution。Staff often interrupted the elderly to speak，Comments the elderly in front of the elderly，Critical criticism of the behavior of the elderly。It is reported，Race discrimination is often found in the environment of American pension institutions，Even the words of abuse，These words are difficult to hear in the workplace of ordinary adults，It is also not allowed。But the elderly are in a weak position in the nursing home，Therefore, you generally choose tolerance，so as to provide soil for the breeding of this kind of discourse。

The gender difference between the language of the elderly。Language gender differences are an important research topic in social linguistics，But mainly involved adolescents and ordinary adults，The language characteristics of the elderly women and elderly men、Language style、Language strategy and other aspects have few differences in research。Since the proportion of women in the elderly population is much higher than men，So is there a gender difference in the recession of older language? If young women often lead language mutation，So is elderly women at the core of language inheritance?

With the arrival of an aging society，The whole society should pay attention to the language characteristics of the elderly people，Develop more language and cultural products for the elderly; not only pay attention to the language characteristics of the elderly people，Also pay attention to the distribution of the language resources of the elderly in the new media; the language needs of the elderly should be considered，Emphasis on the text design of drug packaging，Critical information to convey drugs to patients with aging patients。The increasingly aging national conditions bet365 best casino games of our country call for the appearance of the elderly linguistics，Related research on elderly linguistics will provide important support for the development of the cause of the elderly。

　　(Author Unit: Nanjing Xiaozhuang College Institute of Foreign Languages、China Language Strategy Research Center of Nanjing University)