A relatively complete complex adaptive system theory (Complex Adaptive System，CAS) proposed by John Holland in 1994。Holland emphasizes the "adaptiveness" of complex systems。he pointed out，System elements are adaptive entities，Change through mutual constraints and influences；This adaptability of the subject is also a kind of complexity，And create a new order out of chaos。This theory proposes a new bet365 free bets system theory and development view，Emphasize that the original bet365 free bets research paradigm should also be changed。so far，Although the application of CAS in bet365 free bets research is still limited to bet365 free bets acquisition and bet365 free bets application，But in cognitive research on metaphor，The significance of CAS has also become very significant。

　　bet365 free bets from the perspective of complex adaptive systems

From the perspective of complex adaptive systems theory，bet365 free bets is a typical cognitive process、CAS formed by the interaction of culture and use，It is a dynamic process that constantly develops and changes while constantly adapting to the pragmatic environment。Model of overall bet365 free bets presentation、Real-time bet365 free bets interaction between laws and states and each bet365 free bets-using subject，It is a nonlinear line、Interactive feedback path。bet365 free bets structure at the macro level restricts bet365 free bets use，At the same time，bet365 free bets activities at the micro level are also constantly strengthening or weakening the importance and frequency of a certain bet365 free bets form，In turn, it affects the overall shape of the bet365 free bets。CAS calls this nonlinear process from quantitative change to qualitative change phase transition or emergence。This view is in line with the emerging trend in linguistics in recent years、Usage-based bet365 free bets research and cognitive linguistics that emphasize construction coincide with each other，Both of them believe that bet365 free bets is the result of people’s generalization of verbal communication and its use process，Rather than what the generative bet365 free bets school represented by Chomsky advocates is an innate one、The product of the closed mechanism。

As a CAS, the bet365 free bets system has both system stability and random variability as well as linear causality beyond a single factor。Use the traditional reductionist method to decompose and describe its relatively static state，The dynamics are often ignored。Therefore，We must take a multi-dimensional approach to bet365 free bets systems、Multi-level comprehensive investigation，To reveal the cognitive processes of bet365 free bets variation。Kretzschmar once demonstrated the method of studying quantitative bet365 free bets data (especially time series data) through probabilistic and statistical methods in the book "bet365 free bets and Complex Systems"。Kretzschmar’s research results discovered “emergent” patterns and “adaptive” trends in bet365 free bets system changes，Thus further revealing the correlation and interaction between the various elements within the bet365 free bets system。

　　bet365 free bets also belongs to the category of complex adaptive systems

As the product of the interaction between physical experience and cultural experience，Conceptual metaphor and its expression at the linguistic level，That is, linguistic metaphor reflects human bet365 free bets、The deep relationship between cognition and culture，Becoming an important research field in cognitive linguistics。The results of metaphor research show that，The metaphor system is also a typical CAS。

The operating mechanisms followed by complex systems summarized by Kretzschmar mainly include: continuous dynamic behavior in the system；Random interaction of a large number of ingredients；Exchanging information through feedback；Behavioral performance reinforced；Produce some kind of stable pattern without centralized control。These operating mechanisms are reflected in the following five operating modes of bet365 free bets。

一，Continuous dynamic behavior in a bet365 free bets: metaphorical expressions and the concepts they represent continue to undergo an occurrence、The dynamic process of development and demise。

　Second，Random interaction of a large number of components: the metaphor-using subject (i.e. person) and the specific metaphorical bet365 free bets used form multiple mappings of the source domain and the target domain under the influence of conceptual metaphor and specific context。

　Third，Exchanging information through feedback: bet365 free bets use inter-subjectivity achieves the purpose of communication through feedback in the process of using metaphors and understanding metaphors；At the same time，bet365 free bets and other human cognitive abilities、The natural environment and social culture of human life、The interactive relationship between historical traditions that maintains energy exchange。

　Fourth，Behavioral performance is strengthened: there is a positive correlation between conceptual bet365 free bets and the frequency of use of metaphorical expressions。

　Fifth，The emergence of stable patterns without centralized control: adaptive interactions among bet365 free bets-using agents，Thus a stable metaphorical expression pattern emerges；There are different bet365 free bets variations in different cultures and languages。

The metaphor system also has an obvious nested structure of a complex system。From a macro or micro perspective，A metaphorical system is a system with different levels and each level interacts。Physiological experience and sociocultural experience jointly provide the basis for conceptual metaphors，And thereby produce metaphorical bet365 free bets。It can be said，The system in which the metaphor itself is located is also a complex system that embodies the characteristics of class hierarchy and has an obvious nested structure，And subdivided into grammatical metaphors at the linguistic level、Discourse metaphor、A system of nested vocabulary and metaphors。

The adaptability of metaphor is also obvious。The use of metaphorical bet365 free bets is restricted and affected by the conceptual system and specific context of the subject using the metaphor，its right、The feedback effects on both sides are thus strengthened or weakened，This leads to the emergence and evolution of the overall metaphor structure。Body-based experience only provides the core ingredients for metaphorical expression，Only through culture mode、The joint effect of the immediate situation and the bet365 free bets preference of the subject using the metaphor，Only in order to finally achieve metaphorical bet365 free bets expression that meets the purpose of communication。The competition and mutual promotion between these factors，The complexity that constitutes a metaphorical system。

　　bet365 free bets research expanded

Cause and effect and complex systems are two modes of how the world operates。The former derives from the reductionism that pursues cause and effect，The latter methodology emphasizes systematic observation of specific phenomena and then draws higher-level generalizations。One of the core characteristics of complex systems is the emergent nature of their self-organizing patterns，Meaning the non-linear change from "state space" to "phase space"。A large number of sociolinguistics and cognitive linguistics research results prove that，The self-organization and emergent characteristics of bet365 free bets are reflected in the development, change and use of bet365 free bets at all levels and in all periods；The nonlinear A-curve distribution pattern displayed by the speech complex system embodies Zip's law and Pareto's law (also known as the 28th law)。Therefore，Simple linear reductionism is not enough to reflect the original situation of bet365 free bets use and change，It is necessary to combine the probability concepts of emergence and contingency to more truly restore the actual situation of bet365 free bets。

According to the theory of complex adaptive systems，Co-adaptation of two or more complex systems involves the interaction between these systems，Every system responds to other systems。Same，Contextual factors of bet365 free bets are not external factors to the system，But an integral part of the system。bet365 free bets develops in context。The long-term use of bet365 free bets in context forms bet365 free bets resources。Contextual usual meaning is an established meaning shared by members of a bet365 free bets community，And its accidental meaning can be adjusted in actual speech acts。Use CAS model to explain，The interpretation of text is the new contextualization of the meaning encoded by the speaker at the macro level (that is, the conventional meaning that the speaker can easily think of)。

In the bet365 free bets system，Semantic innovation is often complex and unpredictable。The semantic system itself is a complex adaptive system。The connection between semantic innovation and semantic changes in bet365 free bets in the field of super-linguistic knowledge，It is also a complex adaptive process。Semantic innovation and changes will undoubtedly make it more difficult to describe the meaning of words。The complex connections and rationales causing semantic innovation and semantic changes，There are cognitive and cultural factors behind it。As the most important reason for semantic innovation and semantic change，The cognitive adaptability and cultural adaptability of metaphor are important factors that cannot be ignored when we study the complex adaptability of human natural bet365 free bets systems。

The important difference between complex systems and simple systems lies in their openness and dynamics。Therefore，Research on metaphor as a complex system should pay attention to its diachronic dynamic changes。Metaphor as the main path of semantic expansion and evolution，It is the driving force of bet365 free bets evolution，Also the result of evolution。The formation and development of metaphors are based on human physiological experience and historical and cultural experience，By observing the diachronic changes in metaphorical bet365 free bets，Be able to discover changes in conceptual metaphors and the dynamic social, historical and cultural landscape behind them，Thus further revealing cognition、The deep interactive relationship between bet365 free bets and culture。In addition，Can metaphoric instant interactions in micro situations enter the macro structure of bet365 free bets through adaptation and feedback，And then rise to the level of concepts，It is also necessary to draw conclusions through inspection and research in the diachronic dimension。

However，Existing cognitive metaphor research often ignores the diachronic perspective of metaphor research。Only research methods that integrate synchronic and diachronic research methods，Integrate the study of the diachronic evolution of metaphorical bet365 free bets with its use-based synchronic combinations，Revealing the development trajectory and overall picture of metaphor through a dynamic examination of the cross-temporal dimension，In order to achieve a holistic and systematic grasp of the relationship between metaphor and cognition，It is possible to construct a dynamic metaphor development model that is consistent with the diachronic development and actual use of bet365 free bets。

　　bet365 free bets theory promotes the integration of disciplines

Studying metaphors from the perspective of CAS can provide a coherent and consistent explanation for heterogeneous metaphorical facts，Promoting Cognitive Linguistics、Sociolinguistics、The combination of psycholinguistics, historical linguistics and other disciplines in the study of bet365 free bets，Making up for the shortcomings of introspective cognitive bet365 free bets research。

In recent years，The extensive application of complex adaptive systems theory in bet365 free bets research has already been used in bet365 free bets acquisition、bet365 free bets evolution、Important progress and breakthroughs have been made in bet365 free bets modeling and natural bet365 free bets processing。I believe in the near future，Complex adaptive systems theory will also promote revolutionary changes in cognitive metaphor research。

　　(Author’s unit: School of Foreign Languages, Fujian Normal University、International College of Fujian Agricultural University；School of Foreign Languages, Fujian Normal University)