Comparative complex adaptation system theory (Complex Adaptive System，CAS) was proposed by John Holland in 1994。Holland emphasizes the "adaptiveness" of complex systems。He pointed out，System elements are subjects with adaptability，Mutations through mutual constraints and its influence; the adaptability of the subject is also a kind of complexity，and generate new order in chaos。This theory proposes a new language system theory and development concept，Emphasizing the original language research paradigm should also be changed。So far，CAS's application in language research is still limited to language acquisition and language application，But in the metaphorical cognitive research，CAS's meaning has also become very significant。

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From the perspective of complex adapting system theory，Language is a typical consciousness、CAS formed by the interaction between culture and use，It is a dynamic process that constantly develops and changes at the same time and must be continuously adapted to the coronom environment。Model presented as a whole、Laws and status and instant language interaction between the subjects of each language，is a non -linearity、Interactive feedback channel。The language structure at the macro level restricts the use of language，At the same time，The language activities at the micro level are also constantly strengthening or weakening the importance and frequency of the form of a language form，Then it affects the overall shape of the language。CAS refers to the non -linear process of this amount to qualitative change as the phase transition or the emergence phenomenon。This view is emerging bet365 live casino games from the linguistic industry in recent years、USAGE-BASED language research and the cognitive linguistics that emphasizes the construction coincide，Both advocate that language is the result of people's summary of speech communication and their use process，instead of the generating language school represented by Jameski is a congenital、The product of the closed mechanism。

As a CAS language system, both system stability and random variability, and linear causality that transcends single factors。Using the traditional method of repaying the theory of relative static state to decompose the decomposition description，often ignores its dynamics。Therefore，We must take multiple dimensions of the language system、Multi -layered comprehensive inspection，The cognitive process of revealing language variation。Kretzschmar once showed the method of studying language quantitative data (especially time series data) through the book "Language and Complex System"。Kretzschmar's research results found the "emerge" mode and "adaptation" trend in the changes in the language system，So as to further reveal the association and interaction between the elements inside the language system。

　　Metaphor is also a complicated adaptation system category

Products that interact as a physical experience and cultural experience，Conceptual metaphor and its expression at the language level，Linguistic metaphor reflects human language、Deep relations between cognition and culture，An important research area of ​​becoming cognitive linguistics。The results of the metaphor research indicate，An important research area of ​​becoming cognitive linguistics。

Kretzschmar's complicated system follows the operating mechanism that follows the operating mechanism mainly includes: continuous dynamic behavior in the system; random interaction of a large amount of ingredient; model。These operating Bet365 app download mechanisms are reflected in the following five operating modes of metaphor。

One，Continuous dynamic behavior in the system: Metaphor expression and conceptual metaphor of its representatives continued to experience one occurrence、Dynamic process of development and dying。

Its two，Random interaction of a large number of ingredients: Metaphorical Metaphorical Language and Specific Metaphorical Language formed multiple mapping of the source domain and target domain under the influence of conceptual metaphors and specific context。

Its three，Feedback exchange information: Metaphors can achieve the purpose of communication through feedback during the process of using metaphors and understanding metaphors; at the same time，Metaphor and other cognitive capabilities of humans、The natural environment and social culture of human life、The interactive relationship of maintaining energy communication between historical traditions。

Four，Behavioral performance is strengthened: the frequency of conceptual metaphor and metaphor expression becomes positive。

Five，A stable mode emerged without concentrated control: interaction between the subjects used by metaphor，As a result, a stable metaphorical expression mode is emerged; different metaphor variants in different cultures and languages。

The metaphorical system also has obvious complex system nested structures。From a macro or micro perspective，The metaphor system is a system that has different levels and interacts with various levels。Physiological experience and social and cultural experience jointly provide the foundation for conceptual metaphors，and then generate a metaphorical language。It can be said，The system where the metaphor itself is located is also a complex system that reflects the characteristics of class levels and has obvious nested structures，and subdivided into grammatical metaphor at the language Bet365 app download level、Speech metaphors、Vocabulary metaphors and other mutual nested systems。

Metaphorical adaptability is also obvious。The use of metaphorical language is subject to the concept system of the metaphorical subject and the constraints and influence of the specific context，Its positive、The feedback effect on the anti -two sides has been strengthened or weakened，Then cause the emergence and evolution of the overall structure。Body -based experience only provides core components for metaphor expression，Only through the cultural mode、The common effect of using the subject's own language preferences, etc.，can finally achieve metaphorical expression that meets the purpose of communication。competition and mutual promotion between these factors，The complexity of the metaphor system。

　　Metaphor research is expanded

Cause and effect and complex system are two modes of the world operation。The former is derived from the pursuit of cause and effect restoration theory，The methodology of the latter emphasizes the systematic observation of the specific phenomenon and then obtains a higher level of induction。One of the core features of the complex system is the emergence of its self -organizational model，It means from the nonlinear change from "State Space" to "Phase Space"。Research results of a large number of social linguistics and cognitive linguistics，The self -organizing and emerging characteristics of the language are manifested in all levels and time periods of language development and use; the non -linear A curve distribution mode showed by the complex system of speech reflects the law of Qifu and the law of Paibito (also Called 28 Laws)。Therefore，Simple and linear reduction theory is not enough to reflect the original appearance of language use and change，It is also necessary to combine the probability of the emergence of (Emergence) and the TestingEnce to Bet365 lotto review restore the actual situation of the language more authenticly。

Complicated adaptation system theory Consid by，Two or more complex system collaborative adaptations involve interaction between these systems，Each system responds to other systems。Similarly，The context of the language is not the external factors of the system，but the component of the system。The language is developed in the context。Long -term use of language in the context forms language resources。The meaning of the context is the significance shared by members of the language community，The accidental significance can be adjusted in actual speech behavior。Use CAS model to explain，​​The interpretation of the text is the meaning of the meaning of coding at the macro level (that is, the conventional meaning that the speaker is easy to think of)。

In a language system，Semantic innovation is often intricate and difficult to predict。The semantic system itself is a complex adaptive system。Language between semantic innovation and semantic changes in the field of super language knowledge，It is also a complex adaptive process。Semantic innovation and changes will undoubtedly make the description of vocabulary even more difficult。Complex connection and reason for semantic innovation and semantic changes，There are cognitive and cultural factors behind it。As a semantic innovation and semantic changes, the most important basis，Metaphor's cognitive adaptability and cultural adaptability are important factor that we cannot ignore when we study the complex adaptiveness of the human natural language system。

The important difference between complex systems and simple systems is its openness and dynamicity。Therefore，Metaphorical studies of as a complex system should pay attention to its dynamic dynamic changes。Metaphor as the main path of semantic expansion and evolution，It is both a dynamic cause bet365 best casino games of language evolution，It is also the result of evolution。The formation and development of metaphor based on human physiological experience and historical and cultural experience，Details of the metaphorical language through observation，Can discover the changes in conceptual metaphor and the dynamic social history and cultural maps behind it，to further reveal cognition、Deep interactive relationship between language and culture。other，Metaphors in micro situations can enter the macro structure of language through adaptation and feedback，and then rise to the level of concept，It is also necessary to obtain the conclusion through the inspection and research of the duration dimension。

But，Existing cognitive metaphor research often ignores the duration of metaphor research。Only a good combination of time -time and time -time research method，The duration of the metaphorical language is combined with the combination of its use -based common combination for research，Dynamic inspections of metaphorical interdental dimensions reveal their development trajectory and full picture，can achieve the integrity and systemic grasp of the relationship between metaphor and cognition，It is possible to build a dynamic metaphor development model that conforms to the duration of language duration and actual use。

　　Complex adapting system theory Promoting discipline combination

From the perspective of CAS，Promoting Cognitive Linguistics、Social Linguistics、Psychological Linguistics and History Linguistics, the combination of metaphorical research，Make up for the lack of self -provincial cognitive metaphor research。

In recent years，The widespread application of complex adaptation system theory in language research has been obtained in language、Language evolution、Language modeling and natural language processing have achieved important progress and breakthroughs。I believe in the near future，The theory of complex adaptation Bet365 app download system will also promote the study of cognitive metaphors to achieve revolutionary changes。

　　(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Fujian Normal University、Fujian Agricultural University International College; School of Foreign Languages ​​from Fujian Normal University)