Chinese classics contain rich philosophical thoughts and wisdom，is the essence of Chinese traditional culture。Chinese culture’s “going out” is not simply the bet365 bonus bets classics into foreign countries，It is the spread of Chinese thought and culture。In the process of external cross-cultural communication，We must deeply explore the characteristics of Chinese thought，We must also scientifically explore its similarities with world cultures。

Lionel Giles，1875—1958），Famous modern British sinologist、Translator，Opened a new era for the development of professional Sinology in the UK。1900，Zhai Linnai was transferred to work at the British Museum，Served as Assistant Curator of Oriental Books and Manuscripts。He devoted himself to studying Sinology，A lifetime of hard work，Making important contributions to the development of Sinology。He is knowledgeable about the past and the present，Familiar with bet365 bonus bets literature，Browse European multilingual works。He not only translated bet365 bonus bets philosophy、Military、Poetry、History、Literature and other classics，Also engaged in cataloging bet365 bonus bets manuscripts；Also actively follow、Participated in domestic and foreign academic exchange activities at that time，Published a large number of academic papers。His main translated works include "Quotations of Laozi", "Selected Readings of Zhuangzi's Philosophy", "Quotations of Confucius", "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu, "Taoist Teachings in Liezi", "Mencius", "Yin of the Qin Women", "Six Hundred Years of Dunhuang", "bet365 bonus bets Immortals" Biography》etc。

　　bet365 bonus bets-oriented

From the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，With the rise and development of the second industrial revolution，British Sinology by Missionary Sinology、bet365 bonus bets Studies for Diplomats、College-style Sinology turns to professional Sinology。Zhai Linnai upholds、Promote、Innovative James Legge、The ideas of traditional Sinologists such as Zhai Lisi，Continuous development、Developing British Sinology，Become a practicing New Sinology、The first person in professional Sinology。

Browsing through Zhai Linnai’s translation and research writings，His unique macro-translation thinking can be summarized as: insisting on academic-oriented，Research and preach Chinese studies、Politics、Trade separation。Concretely manifested in four levels。First，Pay attention to the ideological nature of classics，Return to the true interpretation of the original scripture。Zhai Linnai does not agree with the missionary bet365 bonus bets Chinese classics by traditional sinologists，Considers that it is not advisable to interpret Chinese classics from a Christian theological perspective，Proclaims that Chinese thought represented by Confucianism is purer than Christianity、More advanced，Insist on restoring the original thoughts and moral teachings of Chinese classics，This is his most important academic innovation and starting point。Zhai Linnai wrote in the introduction to his bet365 bonus bets "Confucius' Quotations": "Preachers and other enthusiasts have long tried to cover up such a fact，That is, Confucius’ moral teachings are definitely the purest in the world、Least accused of selfishness...Confucianism does represent a more advanced stage of civilization than Biblical Christianity...Confucius's entire system is based on the understanding of human nature。" He pointed out in the introduction to his bet365 bonus bets "The Art of War"，“Chinese people’s subjective emotions，From the ancient thinker Laozi，Especially reflected in Confucian classics，Always peace-loving、Strongly opposed to any form of militarism”。He thinks，“The real purpose of war is peace，This idea is rooted in the national temperament of the Chinese people”。Second，Pay attention to the academic nature of classics，Insist on evaluation and critical translation。Zhai Linnai inherited the tradition of academic translations from his fathers，Added rich preface、Introduction and other subtexts，Not only explains Confucius to readers、Mencius、Laozi、Sun Tzu and other people wrote down his thoughts，Also reviewed other people’s reviews、Translation History、Notes by famous experts，Adhere to the objective spirit to bias the existence of it、Misreading、Evaluate and criticize mistranslation，Stick to the faith and spread the word、The scientific attitude of spreading doubt when in doubt，Carry out literature research and analysis on areas where people have doubts。For the bet365 bonus bets "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu，Zhai Linnai cited a lot of military affairs、History、Cultural literature，There are ancient Chinese books among them，Another well-known Western work，Up to 124；At the same time，The translation adheres to the tradition of thick annotations，The comments provided include proofreading notes、Semantic explanation、bet365 bonus bets famous commentaries、Commentary、Self-translated description and other forms。Third，Focus on the acceptability of classics，Follow public readers。English bet365 bonus bets Chinese classics such as The Analects of Confucius, Laozi, Mencius, Zhuangzi, and Qin Fuyin，Zhai Linnai is based on the thoughts of modern Western disciplines，Breaking out of the tradition of heavy exegesis in traditional Sinology，Start to pay attention to the acceptance by public readers。For example，In the English bet365 bonus bets The Analects，Zhai Linnai screens the content of the original 81 chapters、Arrangement and adjustment，Category one-third of the selected content into different themes，In order, government affairs、Personal conduct、Confucius criticizes people、Confucius’ self-evaluation、Miscellaneous words and essays、Anecdotes about Confucius、People comment on Confucius、Eight parts of disciples’ words，Aimed at expanding readership，Make it easy for ordinary readers to grasp the essence and thoughts of Confucius，Pioneering the abridged bet365 bonus bets "The Analects"、New chapter of compilation。In the English bet365 bonus bets "Laozi's Quotations" and "Qin Fuyin"，Zhai Linnai classifies according to content，Draft titles separately，In-depth understanding of the vast number of Western readers、Accept、Grasp the essence of Laozi’s thoughts and Tang Dynasty poetry and play a positive role in promotion。Fourth，Pay attention to the readability of classics，Advocate literal translation。Zhai Linnai’s English translation conveys the meaning、Strict and accurate、Smooth and smooth、Long and short balance，Close to the catchy characteristics of the original text，Reproduces the beauty of the original article to a greater extent。Even the bet365 bonus bets the poem "Qin Women's Song"，Zhai Linnai breaks through the elegance of traditional poetry、The limitations of elitist language，Adopt "Translated poems can be read"，Try to translate as literally as possible” method，The focus is not on rhythm and harmony，But semantically accessible。

　　Foreign bet365 bonus bets classics is also the dissemination of ideas and culture

About Zhai Linnai’s translation thoughts，Later generations of scholars continue to innovate in the process of sublation。In the stage of development and expansion of professional Sinology，Be more rigorous about Chinese classics、Science、Objective、Comprehensive and three-dimensional translation，It is the innovation of Zhai Linnai’s translation ideas、Conversion、The process of sublimation。In this process，The reflection of history and reality in Chinese classics has also received more attention。Zhai Linnai’s translation thoughts，Aroused great attention and interest in the academic community。Academic bet365 bonus bets "The Art of War" by Zhai Linnai，As a model of rich translation，Becomes the most popular in more than 60 English translations for more than 100 years、An enduring translation。Archaeological bet365 bonus bets Arthur Waley's "The Analects"、Philosophical bet365 bonus bets Anlezhe's "The Art of War"，Place textual facts in historical context，Zhai Linnai comments on the promotion and innovation of critical translation。Anlezhe also focuses on the significance of classical thoughts that transcend time and space to the present and even the future。English bet365 bonus bets "The Analects" by Xiu Zhongcheng，Also placed under 8 headings，Is the imitation and inheritance of Zhai Linnai’s abridged translation and compilation strategy。Zhai Linnai’s literal translation，Especially the pursuit of popular expression，It is a silent and powerful support for Arthur Waley's "Prose Poetry Translation"，The views of two sinologists on poetry translation，Completely opposite to Zhai Lisi’s tradition of “translating poetry with poetry”，Together, we started a situation where the two camps of Chinese poetry translation into English are keeping pace with each other。

Zhai Linnai’s translation thoughts have important reference value for the external dissemination of Chinese classics。One，Pay attention to the dissemination of ideas。Chinese classics contain rich philosophical thoughts and wisdom，is the essence of Chinese traditional culture。Chinese culture’s “going out” is not simply the bet365 bonus bets classics into foreign countries，It is the spread of Chinese thought and culture。In the process of external cross-cultural communication，We must deeply explore the characteristics of Chinese thought，We must also scientifically explore its similarities with world cultures。For example，The idea of ​​"benevolence and propriety" in "The Analects of Confucius" and the idea of ​​"war with caution and peace" in "The Art of War"，Strive for authenticity in thought、Original appearance、Easy to understand、Benefit，Vigorously promote mutual learning between Chinese and Western thought、Cultural co-prosperity。Part 2，Grasp readers’ needs。For external communication, the readership audience must be clear，While distinguishing between expert readers and general readers，We need to further examine the age of the readers、Gender、Nationality、Career、Psychology、Culture and other factors，Selectively develop full translations for different readers、Abridged translation、Compile、literal translation、Translation strategies and methods such as free translation，Taking care of paper books、Audio book、E-book、Short video and other forms。Academic translation should explore things such as deeds、His translation、History、Evaluation、Comment、The depth of knowledge and research related to examination and analysis，Popular translation needs to systematically study how to understand、Understand、Understand、Read it、Understand the story of Chinese thought，Promote readers and authors、Healthy interaction between translators。

　　(This article is a phased result of the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Research Youth Fund Project "Research on the English bet365 bonus bets "Sun Tzu's Art of War" from the Perspective of Ecological Translatology" (17YJC740119)

(Author’s Affiliation: School bet365 bonus bets, Suzhou University、Part-time researcher at Sunzi Institute of Binzhou University；School bet365 bonus bets, Suzhou University)