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Zhai Linnai (lionel giles，1875-1958)，Famous Sinologists in modern times、Translator，Open a new era of the development of British professional Sinology。1900，Zhai Linnai is incorporated into the work of the British Museum，As an assistant curator of Dongfang Books and Manuscripts。He devoted himself to studying Chinese learning，Give a lifetime effort，Make an important contribution to the development of Sinology。His Bogu Tong today，Familiar with Chinese literature，Graduate European multi -language works。He not only translated Chinese philosophy、Military、Poetry、History、Literature and other classics，Also engaged in the work of Chinese text writing;、Participate in academic exchanges at home and abroad at that time，Published a large number of academic papers。Its main translations include "Lao Tzu's Quotations", "Zhuangzi Philosophy Selection", "Confucius Quotations", "Sun Tzu's Military Law", "Taoist Terement in Liezi", "Mencius", "Qin Fu Yin", "Dunhuang 600 Years", "China Liexianxian" Biography。

　　Academic -based

In the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，With the rise and development of the second industrial revolution，British Sinology from Missionary Sinology、Diplomatian Sinology、College -style Sinology to Professional Sinology。Zhai Linnai adheres to、Promotion、Innovation, Jacob、The concept of traditional Sinologists such as Zhai Lisi，Keep pioneering、Develop British Sinology，Become the practice bet365 Play online games of practicing new Chinese、The first person in professional Sinology。

A glance at Zhai Linnai's translation and research writing，Its unique macro translation ideas can be summarized as follows: insist on academic -based，Sinology research and missionary、Politics、Trade phase away from。Specific performance in four levels。First，Pay attention to the ideological nature of classics，The true interpretation of the original classic。Zhai Linnai does not agree with the missionary translation of traditional Sinologists in Chinese classics，，The Chinese thought represented by Confucianism is more pure than Christianity、More advanced，Persist in restoring the true thoughts and moral teachings of Chinese classics，This is his most important academic innovation and innovation base point。Zhai Linnai wrote in his translated "Confucius Quotations": "Missionary and other enthusiastic people have tried to cover up such a fact for a long time，That is, Confucius' moral teachings are definitely the purest in the world、The most selfish accusation ... Confucianism really represents a more advanced civilized stage than the Bible Christianity ... Confucius' entire system is based on the understanding of human nature。"He pointed out in the introduction of his translated" Sun Tzu's Art of War "，"The main emotion of the Chinese people，From the ancient thinker Lao Tzu，Especially the Classic Confucian literature，always love peace、Strongly oppose any form of militarism "。He thinks，"The real purpose of the war is peace，This thought is rooted in the national temperament of Chinese people "。Second，Pay attention to the academicity of the classics，Adhere to evaluation of test -based bet365 live casino games translation。Zhai Linnai inherited the tradition of the academic translation of his father and his parents，Added rich preface、Introduction and other sub -text，Not only explaining Confucius to readers、Mencius、Lao Tzu、Sun Tzu and other people's books and their thoughts，I also reviewed the evaluation of others、Translation history、Famous artist Note，Adhering to the prejudice of the objective spirit of the existence、Misunderstanding、Evaluation and criticism，Persevere letters, send messages、The scientific attitude that is doubtful is doubt，Documents and analysis of doubts about the world。Translation of "Sun Tzu's Art of War"，Zhai Linnai quoted a lot of military、History、Cultural Literature，Among them, there are ancient Chinese books and ancient books，There are well -known Western works，up to 124 units; at the same time，Translation adheres to the tradition of heavy annotations，The annotations provided are classical and classic、Semantic explanation、Master Note Translation、Note home comment、Self -translation description and other forms。third，Pay attention to the acceptance of classics，Following Volkswagen Readers。For the English translation of Chinese classics such as "The Analects of Confucius", "Lao Tzu", "Mencius", "Zhuangzi", "Qin Fu Yin"，Zhai Linnai according to the idea of ​​modern western disciplines，The tradition of jumping out of the traditional Chinese science heavy annotation，Start paying attention to the acceptance of Volkswagen readers。For example，In the English Translation of the Analects，Zhai Linnai screened the original 81 content、Church and adjustment，One -third bet365 live casino games of the selected content is classified according to different themes，Government affairs in turn、Confucius commentator、Confucius commentator、Confucius self -evaluation、miscellaneous theory、Confucius anecdotes、People comment on Confucius、Disciple's language part eight，It aims to expand the reader object，Makes ordinary readers easy to grasp Confucius's essence and thought，Created the Analects of Confucius Festival Translation、New chapter compiled。In the English translation of "Lao Tzu's Quotations" and "Qin Fu Yin"，Zhai Linnai classified according to the content，Draw a title separately，Knowing in depth to the majority of Western readers、Accept、Grasp Lao Tzu's thoughts and the essence of the Tang Dynasty poetry play a positive role in promoting。Fourth，Follow the readability of the classics，Promoting the literal translation method。Zhai Linnai's translation of Daiya Demo、Rigid and accurate、Tongshun and fluent、length balance，The characteristics of the upper mouth of the original Wenlanglang，to a large extent reproduced the beauty of the original article。to a large extent reproduced the beauty of the original article，Zhai Linnai breaks through traditional poetry elegance、Limitation of elite language，Using "translation poem can read，Try to literally translate "method，The focus of attention is not harmonious rhythm，but semantic traffic。

　　Classic foreign translation is also the spread of thought and culture

The translation idea of ​​Zhai Linnai，Later generations continue to innovate in abandonment。In the stage of the development and expansion of specialized Sinology，More rigorous to Chinese classics、Science、Objective、Comprehensive and three -dimensional bet365 best casino games translation，It is the innovation of translation ideological innovation of Zhai Linnai、conversion、The process of sublimation。In this process，Chinese classics ideas have also received more attention for history and reality。The translation idea of ​​Zhai Linnai，Arrived great attention and interests in the academic world。Zhai Linnai's "Sun Tzu's Art of War" academic translation，As a model of generous translation，It has become the most popular among more than 60 English translations in more than a hundred years、The lasting translation。Arthur Welley "The Analects of Confucius" archeological translation、An Lezhe's "Sun Tzu's Art of War" philosophical translation，Place the facts of the text in the historical context，All are the advancement and innovation of Zhai Linnai's evaluation of test -based translations。An Lezhe still focuses on the meaning of classic thoughts that transcend time and space to the current and even future。Xiu Zhongcheng's "The Analects of Confucius" English translation，It is also placed under 8 title，Is the effect and inheritance of Zhai Linnai's translation and compilation strategy。Zhai Linnai's literal translation method，Especially the pursuit of popular expression，It is a strong support for the silent support for Arthur Welley's "scattered body translation poems"，Viewpoints of two sinologists' poetry translation，The tradition of Zhai Lisi "translated with poetry" is completely opposite，Together with the situation of two major camps of Chinese Poems and English translations, the situation of handling side by side。

Zhai Linnai's translation idea has important reference value for Chinese classics。Bet365 app download One，Pay attention to thought spread。Chinese classics are rich in philosophical thoughts and wisdom，It is the essence of traditional Chinese culture。Chinese culture "going global" is not a simple foreign translation，but the spread of Chinese thought and culture。During the cross -cultural communication process，Not only in -depth digging the traits of Chinese thought，It is necessary to scientifically explore its commonality with world culture。For example，The "Ren Li" thought of the Analects of Confucius and the "Careful War" thought of "Sun Tzu's Art of War"，Strive for the truth of thought、Original appearance、Easy to understand、Beneficial，strongly promoting mutual learning of Chinese and Western ideology、Cultural common prosperity。Its two，Grasp the needs of readers。Depending on the spread of external communication, the reader audience，While distinguishing experts from experts and popular readers，It is necessary to further examine the age of the reader、Gender、Nationality、Career、Psychological、Culture and other factors，Full translation for different readers、Festival Translation、Compilation、Ling translation、Translation strategies and methods such as free translation，Take into account the paper book、Audio Book、e -book、Short video and other forms。Academic translation should explore such as deeds、His translation、History、Evaluation、Notes、The thickness of the relevant knowledge and research on the test and other related knowledge，Volkswagen translation should systematically study how to translate、Understand、Understand、Reading、Understand Chinese thoughts and stories，Promoting Bet365 app download readers and authors、The benign interaction between the translator。

　　(This article is the Humanities and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education of the Ministry of Education and the Youth Fund Project "" Sun Tzu's Art of Martial Arts "(17yjc740119) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Academy of Foreign Languages ​​of Suzhou University、Part -time researcher at the Sun Tzu Research Institute of Binzhou College; the School of Foreign Languages ​​of Suzhou University)