Tang Five Dynasties，Zen faction Lin Li，Types of Zen style，"Alien Travel" is one of the representatives。The so -called "alien"，It was originally the cause of the Buddha's fruit position，Including people、Sky、Beasts and other six sentient beings; so the "Alien", the Bodhisattva Bodhisattva voluntarily traveled to all beings after Wu Dao saved all beings。but but，This statement has been since the wish of Zongnanquan, Hongzhou，New meaning derived，and get widely recognized and practiced by the Tang and Five Dynasties，Then it becomes a fate that affects the moment of Zen forest。From the study of the current "alien bank" on the academic community，The author sees only Yin Wenhan、Relevant papers of scholars such as Ouyang Town and other scholars are mentioned a little，but not in -depth。In view of this，This article attempts to put forward the concept、Impact and its inner Zen discusses，VIA deepen the understanding and understanding of the Zen style of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties。

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The first to propose "Alien" is Hongzhou Zen Master Nanquan Puzhu，Old chapter in his early study phase，Listen to "Lenga" and "Huayan"，Enter "China", "Hundred", "Door" view，Later in Masako, a Zen master who won the game，It is one of the three scholars under the gate of Hongzhou。

​​Master of Nanquan said during the lecture on the court: "Recently, there are too many Zen Masters，Find a dull background。Ayan people，Mo wrong heart。Want to do this，Before the birth of the Buddha, the Buddha is not born，No name，Secret use of Qiantong，No one awareness，Get with the body of the motorcycle，Fang has less points corresponding to。So said: ‘The ancestor Buddha does n’t know，Tanuka slave white 牯 knows'。How is it like? He is not bet365 live casino games as good as a lot of love，So call as a，It has already changed，Directly be sure to go to the aliens。"(" Ancestral Hall Collection "Volume 16) The understanding of this text is quite ambiguous，Ru Shang Zhiyu explained "You" as "real"，So as to get a raccoon slave、White 牯 stagnant in front of you，The conclusion of difficult to understand the Dharma。but but，This kind of degradation rated slave、Bai Yan's statement and the claim of "Xiangxiangxing" have obvious arrival，It is difficult to communicate。"The Quotations of the Buddhist Fruit Zen Master" said: "If you know the bottom，Chatting and holding，Through bone into the pulp，Pick up，Sitting and reporting the Buddha head，Not silent。"Obviously，"Knowing Youyou" is really the meaning of sexual enlightenment。So，The above two sentences should be interpreted as: the ancestor Buddha has no enlightenment，Tanuku、White 牯 can enlightenment。The reason why Zen Master Nanquan said that，See the words of Master Wan Song Xingxiu: "Become a Buddha as ancestor，Due to stigma; wear horns and wool，Push in the upper position。"(" Magic Record "Volume 5) If you want to reach the real realm，Do not take the thought of being a Buddha as a Buddha，and "Before the Buddha has not been born,"。So it seems，Master Nanquan Zen is actually appreciated by Tanuka、Bai Yan and other "aliens" do not make a name、Natural state without emotional weight。

To understand the above views in depth，I list the other two materials。First, Master Guizong Zhichang asked a monk what Dharma was in the south spring，The monk reads the language of Nanquan: "Fu Shamen，Bearded for animals; if no beasts，No place。"(" Ancestral Hall Collection "Volume 16) Here，Master Nanquan replaced "Alien" with "Beast"，The appreciation target is clearly clear from six sentient beings as beasts all beings，so。Second, Master Cao Shan Benzhi and a monk's question on "Nanquan Water Cow": "‘ ‘How is a cow?’ Cao Shanyun: ‘Dispicious Land。Bet365 app download Seng Yun: ‘How does this mean? ‘Cao Shanyun:‘ But read water grass，I know nothing。Seng Yun: ‘What is the side? ‘Cao Shanyun:‘ Just eat water everywhere，Eat grass in Fengcao。‘‘ How is a water cow? ‘Cao Shanyun:‘ Do n’t prove the holy fruit。'"(" Zuotang Collection "Volume 16) According to Cao Shanben's understanding，The reason why Zen Master Nanquan has the saying of "water cow"，Because it only knows that drinking water and eating grass，The thoughts of being ancestral ancestor in the heart，No Fan、Apocalypse of the two yuan。In other words，The "Different Strike" said by Master Nanquan，It is not required to be a monk to be a beast，It is not required that monks to go to beasts like bodhisattvas to extermine all beings，Instead, it is advocated that the meditation should not climb as the beasts、I don't think about、Food for hunger、Sleeping if you sleep，Do the current thing。

Because of this，Master of Nanquan often uses the "water cow" to enlightenment after learning，For example, he once took the water and entered the monk to investigate the first monk，I once used "Calling the Water Cow Bath" to guide the monk。Even before the relocation of Zen Master Nanquan，The first question asked him where to go in a hundred years，He also answered that he made a water cow to go to the Tan Yuejia family in the subtained.。

　"Different words", "Alien" and "Alien"

Affected by Nanquan's wish，Tang Five Dynasties Zen Master often answer questions from monks with "beasts"。If there is a monk asking Huangzhou Qi'an "How to be your own Buddha"，He replied: "The horses in front of the grass are difficult to poor，Miao Duke also need to be beasts "(" "Pass Lantern Jade British Collection" Volume 3); some monks ask Jifeng Daoqian "What do you do"，He answered: "Beast Walk" ("Biography of Zen Forest Seng" Volume 5)。Not only that，Some Tang and Five Dynasties Zen Masters also use a variety of "alien words", "alien" and "alien metaphors" to connect after learning and comparison。where，In particular, it is worth noting that the Zongzong Bet365 app download and Linji Zen Master of Hongzhou Zongmen。

沩 once renovated on the basis of the above "Nanquan Alien": "The old monk is 100 years later，Make a water cow under the mountain，Zuo Ji Shu Wu Zi Cloud ‘Shan Mountain Monk a certain Jia’。When 恁 恁，Call as a Mountain Mountain Monk，It is a water cow;，Yunyun Mountain monk。What is it to call? "(" The Quotations of Zen Master of Ling Shan Lingyou "Volume 1) Although this passage also uses" ignorance "and" hazy beasts "to guide the scholars' considerations，But more importantly, the two difficult choices of "Shan Mountain Monk" and "Water Cattle"，Use this to force post -scholars to jump out of the circle、Tuned for a long time。Master Fuzhou Da'an, the younger brother of Lingyou Lingyou, also said, "Just look at a water cow，If you fall into the road, you will bring it out，If the prisoner Miao Jia will lash。Tuned for a long time，Poor birth words，Now it becomes a dew white cow，Often in front of it，Delosa all day，Don't go if you don’t go。"(" Jingde Chuan Lantern "Volume 9) Da'an Zen Master Da'an regards" water cow "as climbing delusion，"Lulida White Cow" is regarded as purity and non -infected，Visible explanation of the methods and processes of your inner delusion，It is also the creative application of "Nanquan Exotic"。

Compared to "alien"，Linji Zen Master is more inclined to "alien"，The most prominent manifestation is the behavior of imitating beasts in the answer to the answer。First look at the dialogue between Linji Zongzong Master Yi Xuan Zen and Zhenzhou Puhua monk: "One day Puhua eats lettuce。Shi Jianyun: ‘Like a donkey。普 普。Shi Yun: ‘This thief。Puhua Cloud: ‘Thief。。"(" Linji Record "Volume 1) Yixuan said that Puhua eats food like a donkey，In terms of name，Lakes involved in the language;，It intention is now Buddha，Anti -customers。Yi Xuan is commensurate with "thief"，It is a way to like it、Should the opportunity to freely。As a disciple of Linji Yixuan, the master of Tong Fengzhang once learned to make a tiger Bet365 lotto review roar: "The monk asked," The monk is born here? "。Monk as a horror。Master laugh。Monk said: ‘This old thief。'"Another disciple of Huxi Tan, the master of the Lord of Huxi, learned the sound of parrot:" Seng Yun: ‘Cheng Wenlong has parrots，Nothing? ‘Shi Yun: 云。'Seng Yun: ‘Is n’t the monk nor? ‘Teacher as a parrot。Seng Yun: ‘a good parrot。'"(Seeing" Jingde Chuan Lanter Record "Volume 12) This" alien behavior "that imitates beasts calls is not only a circular means to investigate others，It also shows that the imitator does not take the object、Human Donkey's Forgotten Cognitive Realm，It is even more to the Zen Master Nanquan、The acceptance and practice of the thoughts of "Alien" thought。

In addition，The method of "self", such as "beasts", has also become a common phenomenon for the Tang and Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty，Ruzhandong Master Zhongyi answered "How to See Seeing" with "Six Windows of Macaques"，Master Fuqing Xuanna answers "how to be a clean method" with "Shrimp"。Generally speaking，Discussion "Nanquan Different Category"、Model the "alien" and use the "alien metaphor" of animals，Make the "Alien Bank of China" a common atmosphere under the gate of Hongzhou。

　"Different Simultaneous Bank" and "Normal Heart is Tao"

The formation of a kind of Zen forest atmosphere，There must be internal reasons in Zen thought，The popularity of "Different Simultaneous Train" is very closely related to the "usual mind" advocated by Hongzhou Zong。According to the record of "Matsu"，Dao Yi Zen once said on the public occasion: "Dao does not need to be repaired，but not pollution。What is pollution? But there is life and death，make fun，All pollution。If you want to go straight，The usual heart is the Tao。What is normal heart? No work，None and right，No Gold，No breakthrough，No Fan Wu Sheng。"" In other words，Do not deliberately practice，No right or wrong judgment，Differential differences of life and death，Maintain ready -made natural state can "directly Bet365 lotto review meet the way"。Obviously，This concept of "usually the mind is the Tao" and "Danshura，Anyone who knows nothing "is very close to，So it becomes the ideological soil that is prevalent for "alien"。As a disciple of Matsu Road，Nanquan Pu wished to accept this concept: Teacher asked Nanquan: "How is the Tao?" Quan Yun: "Normal heart is Tao。"Shi Yun:" Can you still be interesting? "Quanyun:" It is good。"(" Guzun Su Quotes "Volume 47) In the eyes of Master Nanquan，The normal heart of the unsteady direction is the state and situation that the Dharma is reached by the Dharma。Look further，Master Master Ma Zu's disciple Lin Jixuan also said: "The Dharma is useless，It's just okay。"(" Linji Record "Volume 1) He raised" nothing "with" normal "，Therefore, the "nothing Zen" thought that was identified as the main characteristics of Zen science by the Zen of the Tang Dynasty。

It is worth noting that，The Zen forest atmosphere of "Alien" began to fade gradually after the Tang and Five Generations，Although there are still many Zen masters who explain and sing "Nanquan's Alien Talk" as the Congress of Gude，But in the specific quiz, there are few methods of "alien" and "alien metaphors" again。This is also related to the evolution of Chinese Zen thought。Since the Northern Song Dynasty，Yizu Road 1、Nanquan Pu is willing to be represented by Hongzhou Zong's "nothing Zen" thought gradually becomes rigid，Therefore, it leads to the true Jingken、Yuanwu Keqin、Multi -Party criticism of Zen masters such as the ancestor of Yamutang。Although they have not completely denied "nothing Zen"，But those who are blindly emphasized but have nothing but have nothing to do.。As Yuan Wu Keqin said: "Must be a lot of realization，Still mountain is mountain、Water is water，and even all thousands of methods，Everything is now now，Fang started to be a bottomless person。"(" Biyan Record "Volume 5) Master Yuanwu deny the state of nothing to do with the ready -made nature，Emphasize the need to pass through a lot Bet365 app download of realization，Re -reaching the situation where nothing happened。So，It is difficult to become an ideal imitation object，Reflected in the exit of Zen style in the "alien" Zen style。

As a kind of Zen forest，"Alien Bank" is prevailing in the world from the rise of the concept of "usually the Tao" of Hongzhou Zongzong，And with the criticism of the Zen Master of the Northern Song Dynasty, quietly retreats，But the Li Pan Yuan it conveyed、The concept of studying and delusional, but but watching self -heart、The spirit of Zen scholars who Mo Qiuqiu has always been the characteristics of Chinese Zen science。

　　(Author Unit: School of Literature, South China Normal University)