The establishment of the monk system in China is a major event in the history of Buddhism，It plays a huge role in promoting the process of Buddhism。Eastern Jin Dynasty，Buddhism has expanded from the initial religious group to a religious organization with certain economic and political forces，Evergreen phenomenon is more serious。For this，The rulers of the north and south of China have set up monks，It is expected to manage and use Buddhism。

The Chinese monk system in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，Set up "Monk Division" similar to the post -life officials，Although it is a startup，However, it affected the fourth generation of Song Qi Liang Chen。Liu Song and Emperor Emperor "Monk Lord"，According to the "Biography of Monk Chuan · Monk Jin": "敕 使 使，Give the French trick，Twenty relatives，Give 30,000 months。Four Gifts of winter and summer，Pacific Public Officials "。This indicates that the monks in the Southern Dynasties already have the gangsters required by the administration。"Monk Lord" or "Monk Zheng" Chief Monk，Generally, there is a deputy post that is "Yuezhong"，Assist the monk Lord。Except the monk of the central government，State、There are also monks。Going down again，The temple also has a temple owner，This has precedent in the Western Jin Dynasty，But as a monk managing temple, the people appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，In Liu Song, even the "temple owner" blocked by the emperor himself。Then there was a monk "upper seat" and "Wei Na" with monks who managed monks and monks and monks.。This is the "three officials" of the temple，This is the so -called "three outlines"。The monks in the Southern Dynasties are all with Lulu，Nothing on the court officials，But their term is generally bet365 best casino games no fixed number，And the monks of the central and local and some important temples are generally appointed by the emperor。

Yao Qinchong, who is at the same time as the Eastern Jin Dynasty，There is also a monk officer，Yao Xing once appointed monksFor the domestic monk，Monk moves to Yuezhong，Faqin、Huibin Monk Record。Northern Wei culture is relatively backward，But the development of Buddhism in Weidi is rapid，Tuoba's monk officials started during the beginning of the emperor，According to "Wei Shu · Shi Lao Zhi" records: "Zhaojun has Shamenfa fruits，Expert Wing Jingzhi，Starting French。Taizu heard its name，诏 诏。After thinking the Taoist Tong，绾 Coses。"The biggest feature of the Chu Chu monk system is dependent on the vulgar ceremony，As if Fa Guo, it is believed that those who can be able to make the Tao are more than the owner，Monks are attached to the Lord and are not worshiped，but Ritual Buddha。So，The monks lead the monks to become the vassal of the imperial power。At the same time，Tuoba's "Jianfu Cao" (later changed to "Zhaoxuan Temple")，This is a dedicated central monk agency，The official is the Taoist unification (or "Sand Gate")，The deputy is "Dumana"，There are also merits、Main book and other personnel。State、County、The county also has Shamen Cao，There are Du Tong and Dinaa，Even the grass -roots temple seats、Temple Lord、Wei Na is also incorporated into the monk system。Visible，The System of Monk officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty has gradually become complete。Zhaoxuan Temple directly belongs to the emperor，Manage all monks' affairs，Northern Wei Dynasty、Stability of teaching rights，Can be described as unprecedented。At the same time，The quality of the monk itself has deteriorated，Northern Wei Dynasty，Special Heng of the monk、Corruption、The flood of the temple Bet365 lotto review and the monks and nuns intensified，This trend is increasing until North Qi is increasing。To curb the development of the situation，Northern Qi has done some efforts，If you set up a disconnected Salmon，But after all, a flash of flowers。

Emperor Sui Wenshi，Buddhism gets revival，He integrates the System of North and South Monk officials，Restore Zhaoxuan Temple, a monk agency，Set Shamen Dadong、Zhaoxuan、Zhao Xuandu three positions，Also follows the Salmon of the Northern Qi to set up a broken thing，Local state -county and grass -roots monks set up as Wei Qi。On the basis of inheriting the previous generation，Emperor Sui Wen set up the 25th owner of the "academic" of Buddhism，Twenty -five people mainly face the general audience，Professor ring、Ding、Hui "Three Studies"。Later "Five Congress"，It is also the nature of the academic official，But the Buddhism is more profound than the Buddhism of the "Twenty -Five" discussions。In addition，There is also a foreign monk owner，Main management、Coordination and service Foreign monks。Emperor Sui Yang created a system of monitoring temples that influenced the later generations for more than 1,000 years，Realized the supervision of the monks of the customs。Tang Cheng Sui System，The three outline system of the temple is retained，But everything is Caochuang，Gao Zu only has "Top Ten Virtues" to replace the central monk。Taizong Shi，"Top Ten Virtues" was canceled，The monk system of the central and local governments also abolished，All powers are returned to the government agency Hongye Temple and the Ministry of Rites，There is a Chongxuan Department under Hongyu Temple，There is a temple department under the Ministry of Rites。Xuanzong Shi has new merits to make monks in charge。After Xianzong，Except the temple department in charge of monks and outsiders，The rest of bet365 Play online games the monks belong to the merit。There is a monk record director under the merit，This is the highest -level monk officer in the Tang Dynasty。When Wu Zong extinguished Buddha，Once under the jurisdiction of the main guest of the Ministry of Rites，But it will be recovered by Xuanzong quickly，Since then until the end of the Tang Dynasty，Specific affairs of the man who manages Buddhism in the Monk Division becomes customized。

After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty，Taizu's policy after changing the weekly suppression of Buddhism，Support it。Monk official aspect，Imitation of the old system of the Tang Dynasty，Manage Buddhist affairs with Hongzheng Temple，​​Yi Ancestral Management，The appointment and removal of monks and removal of monks with merits to supervise the above two departments。There are left and right street monks in the Song Dynasty，belongs to Hongye Temple，Staff has a monk record、Seng Zheng、First seat、Jianyi, etc.。Level 1 Administrative Region Prefecture、House、Army、Supervisor，In addition to Kaifeng Mansion Yin and Leading Merit，State、Monk has monks，There are Zhengzheng Deputy Month、The position of the monk is right。Grass -roots monks used the Sui and Tang Temple in the early Song Dynasty、upper seat、Du Weisan three outline，This system is similar to "separation of three powers"，Some major affairs in the temple must be negotiated together，If you have an objection, you cannot do it，Equipment of each other、Not high efficiency。Zen in the end of the Tang Dynasty flourishing，They use "abbot" as the leader of the monk of the temple，To the middle of the Song Dynasty，The abbot system completely replaces the three outline system，Become a monk of the temple and always take the monk、Leading the monks。There are two prefaces under the abbot，There are six heads in the western order，The bet365 best casino games first seat (assisted the abbot to lead the monk)、Secretary (Record copywriting and letter exchanges)、Zhizang (Management Collection)、Zhike (receiving guests)、Zhimu (Bathing related miscellaneous services)、Knowing Temple (Hall of Fragrance); Six Knowing things in the East Preface，Du Temple (Condition Considenters)、Jian Temple (affairs)、Vice Temple (Finance)、Wei Na (Supervision)、Code (kitchen affairs)、straight year (agricultural)。Another，There are also waiters、Supervision、Zhishan and other monks。It is worth noting that，The official sale of the government in the Song Dynasty to supplement the finance is very popular，As a result, the number of monks increase sharply，Extraordinary quality，More and more vulgar。The secularization of Buddhism is particularly manifested as the corruption of monks，The abbot of the Song Dynasty made many monks pride with the first temple，When they are abbot from the small temple abbot or the abbot of Daji or the abbot from the big temple as the "Five Mountains and Ten Masters"，The name of "Ascension" and "Moving" was crowned，Completely referred to as the worldly officialdom.。

Originally in the Southern Song Dynasty，The monk system has become a vassal of the secular regime，But in the Yuan Dynasty, it was an exception。Yuan people Feng Buddhism as the state religion，Therefore, the status of Buddhism in the Yuan Dynasty far exceeded the previous dynasties。The monk agency named the Central and local governments of the Central Committee of the Yuan Dynasty is called "Presidential President's Office"，The main officer is "Monk President"，The staff has a judge、Sentence、Capital, etc.。President Jiao Jiao was in the history stage of Chengren，Following "General System Institute"，After renamed "Xuanzhengyuan"，Get in charge of national religious affairs and military and political bet365 live casino games affairs in Tibet。If there is a need for all roads，Generally there is "Xuanzhuang Political Yuan"，Such as the Council of the Public Political Court in Jiangnan and Tibet，It is also a central -level monk agency。Local，There are monks record divisions，State Monk Chief，Monk Monk Division。In addition，The Yuan Dynasty also has the General Management of Guangjiao、Toutuo Zen Record Division、Bai Yunzong General Photography Office。I want，Monk officials in the Yuan Dynasty have a common feature，They not only manage monks，Also manage certain government affairs、Military Affairs，Sometimes the customs also manage Buddhist affairs，Therefore, it is military and civilian interoperability、Monk and customs。The power of the monk is too large and the politics is a major disadvantage of the government governance of the Yuan Dynasty。

The Ming Dynasty re -collected religious power to the ancestral department in the Ministry of Rites (later changed to the "Temple Priest")，Manage national religious affairs，Including monks、Du、Monk official appointment and removal、Systems of the temple。The monk agency in the central government is the monk Lu，Set Good World、Education、Scriptures、Sonicism and other monks，Six products、From the eight grades;，There are monks such as Du Gang (from Jiupin);，Set a member of the monk;，Set a monk meeting。The strict monk system established at all levels is conducive to consolidating the Ming Dynasty rule，But while strengthening the control of Buddhism，It also makes Buddhist monks more bureaucratic (because of its grade)，The entire Buddhism is sluggish，Teaching Wind Day。The monk system of the Qing Dynasty has not changed much compared to the previous generation，Only Qianlong set up a positive and deputy seal at the Central Monk Division，Solding above the good world，General monks; Daoguang bet365 Play online games also set up Eight Cities Association，Similar to the dispatch agency of the Monk Division。

Looking back on the evolution of the entire monk system in Chinese history，It can be found that its essence is just the transfer of teaching rights。​​With the steady advancement of centralization，Falling a few concentrations beside the teaching right，Although there are short glory in the Yuanmeng period，Generally, it is still inevitable to become a vassal of a secular regime。Coupled with the ethics of Confucianism from the beginning to the end of Buddhism、Emotional Law of Elite and Fa -Law，Therefore, since the Song and Ming dynasties，With the evolution of the monk system，Buddhism known as "birth"，step by step towards "entering the WTO"。

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