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"Youth Marx" has always been a hot problem in the field of Marxist philosophy research。In the past study of the history of the development of young Marx's thought in the domestic academic community，formed many theoretical results，In particular, a series of important theoretical discussions are carried out on texts such as "Hegel French Critical Critical Critical Criticism", "The Manuscript of Economics in 1844", "The Period of Economics Philosophy", and "German Ideology"，The problem of materialism transformation of young Marx is always the theoretical focus of the academic world。But，The early thoughts of the youth Marx have rarely asked，so that the early idealism of the young Marx's early idealism and the problem of revolutionary democraticism from the revolutionary democraticism。In order to carefully sort out the complex sources and connotations of the early thoughts of the young Marx，You must return to Marx's early reading notes。

First，Marx initially with Hegel philosophy、What is the relationship between youth Hegel? Marx's study and acceptance of Hegel's philosophy is not an overnight or natural，Instead, I experienced the tortuous ideological process。1835，Marx enters the University of Bonn to study，The main practice is law, not philosophy。bet365 live casino games 1836，Marx's transfer to the University of Berlin，Here is influenced by the philosophical thought of Hegel's student Gandfa，So gradually interested in philosophy，So I started to study a doctorate in philosophy in 1838。General opinion believes，Because of Marx's philosophy steering is related to Gambes’s legal philosophy teaching，Therefore, Marx's research on Hegel's philosophy must be the philosophy of law。This is of course reasonable，In the same period of poetry creation of Marx, you can also see the traces of Hegel French philosophy。but，Hegel's French philosophy "disappears" in "Berlin Note" after Marx，Marx began to read Hegel's aesthetics at this time、works in the history of natural philosophy and philosophy，Leave a lot of reading notes。What is even more strange is，Later, "Spiritual Phenomenology" for the young Marx's important theory of the young Marx，In addition to being mentioned in the letter to my father，I have not appeared directly in their reading notes。It can be said，Young Marx's original reading of Hegel's work is widely，But lack of research on in -depth and system。Further than，Marx's initial study of Hegel's philosophy is more from the intermediary of the young Hegel and its theory。In the youth Hegel School，Direct contact with Marx is Powell, a member of the "Doctor Club"、Keben、Rutenburg and others，The biggest impact on it naturally is Powell。The acquaintance of Marx and Powell was Bet365 app download originally because of the same literature and art interest，Therefore, Marx also mentioned Powell's aesthetic research in his father's letter。With the familiarity between members of Marx and doctoral clubs，The religious criticism and revolutionary democraticist position of the youth Hegel has gradually affected Marx。So，Marx later concluded: "Strauss is based on the point of view of Stiminosaism，Powell is based on the point of view of Fichtism，The two of them completely implement the Hegel system in the field of theology。"They each developed one aspect of the Hegel system，Especially Powell transformed Hegel's objective idealism into subjective idealism through the concept of "self -consciousness"。I think，At that time，This is the concept of "self -consciousness" that reflects the subjectivity of the bourgeoisie。So，In the early philosophical concept of the young Marx，Not the objective idealism of the dominant position in the dominance，but Powell -style subjective idealism。

Next，How does the philosophical thought in Dr. Marx's dissertation formed? Marx’s "Berlin Note" completely records its theoretical learning process of preparing and writing doctoral dissertations。Initial，Inspired by Hegel's "Records of the History of Philosophy"，Marx's doctoral dissertation theme is just Ishichiru's philosophical research，Therefore, he wrote the topic of "Ibchlumu Philosophy" bet365 Play online games on the cover cover of the notes。and，Marx's excerpts and comments，The initial attention was actually Ishikuuro's ethics，But during the reading process, it was soon attracted by Ishichiru's natural philosophy，Because of the free spirit and atheist's position in the theory of Irsiusuro's atomic theory, at this time, the theoretical support of the young man in the middle of the Marx's mind，He began to transform Ibqualu's philosophy with the concept of "self -consciousness"。At the same time，Marx is also studying in the study of Yibyllo's natural philosophy，Gradually noticed that Ibqualu's "Atomic Polying theory"，He praised in his notes: "'Atom deviation from straight line' is one of the deepest conclusions，and is based on the essence of the philosophy of Yibichu。"So，Marx to understand Hegel's philosophy，The system has studied the philosophy of the so -called Greek era similar to the Hegel philosophy，and then found a combination point with the philosophy of "self -consciousness" in the natural philosophy of Yibyllo，Finally, the difference between the difference between the natural philosophy of Yibiuru and the Democcaite natural philosophy is the title，Young Hegel Position, the young Hegel School expressing its revolutionary democraticism。But what must be pointed out is，Yibuelu's natural philosophy was originally in history with materialism，But Marx at this time is aimed at the method of subjective idealism，This is the first time the Marx and materialism Bet365 app download pass through。The interesting thing is，In "Berlin Note"，We also discovered Marx’s "Spennosa Note"。In this note，Half of the handwriting is not Marx's，Instead, it is extracted by others。Through the communication of the same period，It can be seen that this note is likely to be the "Review Information" for Marx to prepare for the qualification examination at that time，It can also be seen from the side that Marx is going all out to prepare for the writing of a doctoral dissertation。

Last，Graduated from a PhD to the "Rhein News" period，What happened to Marx's thoughts? 1841，Marx moved to Bonn，After the failure of the job search, 7 volumes of reading excerpts- "Bon Note"，Among them, a large number of excerpts and comment on the content of religious and art。Why does Marx focus on studying these two aspects at this time? The main reason is that it is affected by Powell。Powell plans to write a book that criticizes Hegel's religious philosophy in 1841, "Higgel, an atheist and anti -Christianist trial。Ultimatum，Marx not only follows Powell’s theoretical pace，And the two also planned to cooperate to write the second part of this work，That is Hegel's religion and aesthetic critical。But，With the cooperation between the two and Marx's own reading research，Marx is getting dissatisfied with Powell's theological criticism of Powell，In the end, the two terminated cooperation，But Marx left us "Bann Note" and "On Religion and Art，Especially the Bet365 app download art of Christianity "。In this note，Marx's original subjective idealistic thoughts have been loosened: he was excerpted in the book "On the God of Worship" in French historian Sha De Brus.，The concept of "worshiping" for the first time，and excerpt many of the historical cases in history from the perspective of religion，This is very likely to constitute Marx's important source of Marx in the "Debate of the Forest theft Law" and even the "Capital" creation period。other，Marx also excerpted a large number of historical experience materials for religion and aesthetics，This makes Marx's theoretical focus gradually moved from Hegel's "history of spiritual evolution" to the historical development of reality。Although Marx has not completed the change of materialism at this time，But the materialist clues in Bonn Note that may have formed a hidden knowledge structure in Marx's mind。

in mega2，"Berlin Note", "Bonn Note" and Marx's early letter exchanges have been compiled and published，This has an important theoretical significance for our written history of Marx's thought development。We also look forward to，There are more academic research to explore the complex constructors of the early thoughts of young Marx。

　　(Author Unit: Marxist Social Theoretical Research Center and Department of Philosophy of Nanjing University)