Marx's doctoral dissertation "Democomit's Natural Philosophy and Different Natural Philosophy of Ishichirum"，The results of his philosophical reading and thinking in the University of Berlin were reflected in the University of Berlin。"Complete Works of Marx and Engels" History Edition 2 (hereinafter referred to as "Mega2") Part 4 Volume 1 The first publishing Marx's "Classical Philosopher Writing Excerpts" during Berlin，It is also called "Berlin Note"。At the same time，Editor according to writing time，The "Notes on the Philosophy of Ishichiru" published by the old version of "The Complete Works of Marx and Engels" in the old version of "Marx and Engels" were divided into two parts:。This，Note during Marx during Berlin was "one divided into three"。I think，Mega2 provides important documents for the study of the Marx Berlin thought，But the above arrangement method and naming method are not ideal。According to the regular practice of Marx's text research，All notes of Marx during the Berlin period are called "Berlin Note"，Comprehensive writing time and content，Re -stages and research。This，The whole picture of "Berlin Note" and its support for the research on Marx Promoting Ph.D.。

Marx's doctoral dissertation research starts from the winter semester of 1838。From about 1839 to the summer semester of 1839，He completed the first group of excerpt notes，Its content corresponds bet365 best casino games to the first 5 volumes of the old version of "Notes on Yibuelu Philosophy"。These notes reflect that Marx has formed a clear theme in the early days of doctoral dissertation，and have a certain breakthrough in the point of view。This group of notes all revolves around a theme: Yibukuru's philosophical thought。Marx mainly excerpped two documents，First, Volume 10，This is the most important literature of the systematic and thought of Ibchlumu's life and thoughts，The second is Lukelaxiu’s "The Theory of Profit"，This is an important development of the philosophy of Yibuyu。Through the more complete excerpts of these two documents，The Marx system grasped the basic content of Ibichulu philosophy。At the same time，Marx also tried to talk to the critics of Ibchlus philosophy in different times。He excerpts the comments of Ishimuiru in Platak Platacon Platache and suspicion Emilco，It also excerpted the comments of Ibqualu in the history of the philosophy of Germany at that time，Make a small amount of comments，Among them, it is especially opposed to Pulutak's misunderstanding and criticism of Ishikuuro。The most worth mentioning is，Marx's views on Hegel's view on the history of philosophy are both inherited，More breakthroughs。Hegel proposed in the "Lessonization of Philosophy History"，The Greek -based philosophy, including Ishikuru, all factions "Get the freedom of self -consciousness through thinking"，This gives Marx an important inspiration。Marx also pointed out in the notes，Ibichu "Freedom of the Freedom of Self -consciousness"。but，Hegel'bet365 Play online games s natural philosophy of Yiburu is very low，Think of its "completely some dispensable thoughts"。and Marx attaches great importance to this part，It is believed that self -awareness is reflected in the theory of Emiuru Ruskuro，His transcendent attitude towards the celestial body reflects "the absolute freedom of the spirit"。This view has laid the foundation for Marx to further establish its own research focus and writing ideas。

From mid -1839 to early 1840，Marx in the process of comparing other philosophy of Estalunulu's philosophy and Greek period，Pay more attention to the atomic theory of Ishichiru's natural philosophy，and compare it with Democylit atom theory，Found the special important significance of the oblique law of the atom。This is the focus and breakthrough of Dr. Marx's thesis research process。During this period，Marx left a new set of excerpt notes，The existing part of the old version of the old version of "Notes on Yibuelu Philosophy" 2 volumes，It is likely that there are other notes at the same time，But it has been lost。At the same time，He was in the previous 1、2、4 volumes at the end of the pen，Leave a few additional supplements，MEGA2 will be published in "Epiuro Research Film" separately。You can see from the new notes，Marx seemed to want to know the Stoia School in the Greek period、Suspicious parties to the party of Emiquanu philosophy，and the overall relationship between Greek philosophy and previous philosophy。But during the excerpt process，What repeatedly aroused his comments was Ibichulu's natural philosophy，Especially atomic theory。The excerpt from Clemen in Stebe and Alexander, bet365 best casino games Alexander, especially illustrates this。Marx's proposal: "The natural philosophy of Yibikuru is basically Democcait's，and the moral rules are similar to the moral outlook of the Xilni faction。"But，Marx also discovered that Ipqueturu is different from Democylit in this "basic" theory，That is the law of the atom that breaks away from the straight line。Actually，Hegel also mentioned the point of view of Ishichiru in "The History of Philosophy History"，But he just refers to the emphasis on Estalunulu's emphasis on accidentality。and Marx has a new understanding of this，He believes that the significance of Yibiusuro's atomic theory is to advocate the freedom of anti -decision theory。Marx supplemented at the end of the previous 1 notes: "The direct form of the atom as the concept，Only in direct conceptual (Begriffslosigkeit), Vergegenst? 觌 NDLicht，This is also applicable to philosophical consciousness，The principle is the essence of philosophical consciousness。"" "，Atoms originally had only abstract forms，while sloping or even no fixed specification，But the atom is exactly this non -fixed、Rejection of each other in the accidental activity，Therefore, it becomes a special specified object，It is manifested as "the movement of breaking the restraint of destiny"。Brief words，The bias of the atom is not only the anti -decision theory、Occasionally，and it is also true individuality、Freedom。And this is exactly what the atoms are inclined and "philosophical consciousness": philosophical consciousness should also be individuality、Bet365 lotto review Freedom。This view constitutes the core of Dr. Marx's paper，and the content of notes during this period is also clearly adopted in it。

In the first half of 1840，Marx has clearly selected the topic of doctoral dissertation as the comparison of the Democcite ​​Natural Philosophy and Ishichiru Natural Philosophy，And his previous excerpts are all about，This requires him to add a batch of literature on Democylit's natural philosophy。Judging from the later doctoral dissertation of Marx，Almost all of the information of Democytet he quoted from Aristotle (including "Soul Theory", "Sacrifice School", "Physics", "Discussion and Destroy", etc., and Simpulizi Sri Lanka、Tamistius's "Aristotle Note" and other related documents。Based on this speculation，Marx should systematically extract these works of Aristotle。But，At present, there is only a set of incomplete arms "Soul Theory" note。So，What notes do Marx have taken during this period，Whether or not he contains his new point of view on Democlete's philosophy，Unknown anymore。

Starting from the second half of 1840，Marx official writing doctoral dissertation，and completed the paper at the beginning of the following year。April 1841，He sends the paper with the application letter to Jear University，After obtaining a doctorate degree in the school。But this thesis manuscript sent to Juri has been lost，The version of the doctoral thesis currently stayed was copied by others before the end of March 1841。Marx later modified this draft，and drafted a new preface，Explain that he intentionally published this article bet365 Play online games at the time。Unfortunately，This manuscript is also not well preserved。You can see from the existing content，Marx further associates the atomic theory of Ishichirum with ethics，In his opinion，The law of atoms is exactly the role of self -awareness。Marx pointed out，Ibichu does not recognize the eternal phenomenon，It is because "self -consciousness regards the heavenly elephant as its deadly enemy"。Exercise in the atomic world is interpreted by Marx as a struggle for formal homogeneity，Fighting form "is self -consciousness itself"。In this struggle，"Abstract、Individual self -consciousness has turned its nature (VERGEGENST? 觌 NDLicht)。Visible，Marx sees "the absoluteness and freedom of self -consciousness" from the atomic theory and celestial theory of Ishichirum，"Objectiveness of Self -consciousness" reflects the spiritual essence of Dr. Marx's paper，That is to fight with the physical world，Get the cognition and implementation of individual freedom。

From January to March 1841，Marx is completing or is about to complete the doctoral dissertation，Leave a set of new excerpt notes，The content is Leibniz、Hume、Stiminosa's work and Rosen Kangz's "History of Kant Philosophy"。MEGA2 lists these notes with the aforementioned Aristotle's "Soul Theory" notes in "Classical Philosopher's Order"。Actually，This set of new notes is not only in paper、Cover、Column method is obviously different from the previous notes，and the connection with the content of Dr. Marx's thesis is not obvious。So，This is more likely to be prepared for Marx bet365 live casino games to take the follow -up faculty qualification examination。

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