"Dade will be ordered" is a vital proposition proposed by the Confucian classic "The Golden Mean"。This proposition involves the ultimate commitment of Confucianism，Both the theoretical logic of Confucianism in theory，More related to its value -effective problem in practice。The saying of borrowing the Western modern philosopher Quinn，"Dade will be ordered" is exactly the ontology commitment of Confucianism。

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Confucianism with strong ethical and political colors。Start from Confucius，Confucianism is "cultivating yourself with respect，Cultivation of yourself with peace，Thinking of the idea of ​​cultivating yourself "，Establish a set of personal moral cultivation as the starting point，The theoretical system of the "Internal and Outside King" of the harmonious governance of the country and the world。There is a solid ontology commitment in this theoretical system: the most virtuous saint will inevitably get the best social life，True the harmonious governance of the world。Early Confucianism involved this issue，and the most concentrated、The most typical expression is the "Dade will be ordered" clearly proposed and explained in detail in "The Golden Mean"。

"The Golden Mean" Chapter 17 Discuss: "Zi said:‘ Shun Qi filial piety is also with?，Zun as the emperor，rich in the four seas。Zongmiao Temple，Children's Baozhi。Therefore, Dade will get it，Must get its Lu，It will get its name，Life will be available。The creature of the heaven，It must be formed by its material。So the planned person，Land covering it。Poetry said: ‘Jiale gentleman，Constitutional Ling De。Yimin pleasant，Shoulu Yu Tian。​​Bless life，From Tian Shenzhi。Therefore, the big virtue will be bet365 live casino games killed。'"here，Shun (destiny "(destiny) as a saint is a commitment given by Confucianism，Contains the highest emperor rights、The most wealth、The most glorious reputation、Healthy Longevity，and endlessly after death，There are descendants for generations to worship their ancestral temples，It can be said that all the happiness in the world should be available。No doubt，If this proposition is true，Then the entire theory of Confucianism is not broken。but，From the perspective of ordinary people，This proposition has very conspicuous defects。On the one hand，The sages in reality often do not obtain a good life in the expected expectation。Confucian founder Confucius is for life，Failure to get a higher status、Wealth; Yan Yuan Pind Pure，Not only life is poor，Even British died prematurely。On the other hand，Haoqiang warlords captured the world in reality、The monarch of the Xiong Xiong has power in power、Fortune Gong Name，But not morality。cause，"Dade will be ordered" to be released，It becomes a very difficult but key problem that Confucianism is facing。

　　Hou Confucian replenishment and dilemma of "Dade will be ordered"

Hou Confucianism has spared no effort to make up for this proposition，Especially with Han Confucianism and Song Confucianism as a typical representative。Their basic solution is to introduce new factor for this theoretical system，to maintain the core theme of the proposition。

Han Confucianism takes Dong Zhongshu as a typical，He introduced a will to the person with will。On the one hand，He injects the "destiny" of Confucianism into the ancestor authority of divineness，"God，The ancestors of all things also "，"The great -grandfather of the heavenly people also"。This is here，In reality, the king becomes the son of the "heaven" of the divine，"Subject" is beyond discussion。Confucius is deified into "King of the King"，Realized the virtue。On the other hand，He emphasizes the "heaven" of divine nature Bet365 app download with his authority for his authority、Governance of the country's advantages and disadvantages to reward and punishment judgment，"The country will have a lost defeat，And Tian Nai first caused a disaster to condemn，I don't know from the province，There is a weird to be afraid of the police，I don’t know if I still change，injured and even。To see the benevolence of the heart of the heart, the lover wants to stop it "。So，Even the "victim" king still needs to accept the supervision of "Sky"。Look at human history，This is usually the idea of ​​the sincere love of religious traditions。But for Confucianism，This solution cannot last long，The reason is that Confucianism holds the atheist's position as a whole，It is also in ancient China that has been separated by the separation of politics and religion，It is impossible to rely on gods for a long time to govern the country for governing the country。

Song Ru's plan overcomes the disadvantages of Han Confucianism，What they introduced is "reason" and "qi" and other atheistic factors。Take Zhu Xi as an example，He believes that "Dade will be ordered" is the "common sense"，The incidents of Confucius and other saints that failed to "be killed" were "very reasonable"。"Very reasonable" involves "qi" problem，Confucius although the most noble "Qingming Qi"，But still belongs to "there is a shortage of insufficiency。His Qingming，I only have to be a sage，But I can't control that wealthy。Although the master has the clear person who thinks the saint，But that low bottom、thin bottom，So poor "。This interpretation appears to be on the surface，But if it is promised as an ontology, it is more weak。On the one hand，Zhu Xi is blurred in the most fundamental definition。On the surface，"reasoning" (heaven) should be a more fundamental category，But when explaining "Dade will be ordered"，He separates the two natures of "common sense" and "very reason".，This means that "reason" bet365 live casino games (rational) is not pure，It is not the most fundamental category。Zhu Xi's definition of the most fundamental category affects the consistency and thoroughness of its theory。On the other hand，Zhu Xi will morality and power、Fortune and other content cut，Make it a system that does not affect each other。It can be seen from its "qi" theory，The factors related to the virtue (as the sages) are "Qi Zhi Qingming"，and the factors related to life and death are "thickness of qi"，Both are completely irrelevant。This idea means that even if a person cultivates into sages，It may still have no effect on the governance of the real world; whether a Confucian sage can reach the governance desire of the country and the world，It can only be pinned to the erratic "qi"。In this case,，The Domains of Confucianism greatly retracted，and become a theory that is only about personal cultivation。This fundamentally damaged the core purpose of Confucian ethics and politics。

The Confucian mainstream after Zhu Xi has not exceeded his ideas on interpretation of the issue of "Dade will be ordered"。From the perspective of Confucianism,，This problem has long been suspended without determination to cause Confucianism to become an irreplaceable dogma or the opposite pseudo theory。

　　contemporary interpretation of "Dade will be killed"

So，Confucianism's theory of ontology is promised to penetrate? Actually，Since Confucian culture can inherit thousands of years and become a representative of the excellent traditional culture of China，Its fundamental logic must be able to penetrate。I think，Only the historical limitations of the traditional Confucianism，Return to the specific context of the text，can make a more reasonable interpretation of this problem。

First，We should jump out of the limitations of Confucius "holy" Confucius。From the original text of "The Golden Mean"，"Dade will be ordered" is said through the mouth of Confucius，This means that Confucius is excluded Bet365 lotto review outside the "Dade"。Because，When writing this passage，The fact that Confucius did not "suffer" is very clear，But the author is still decisive、Map the inevitable connection between "Great virtue" and "suffering"，This clearly conveys a message: Confucius is not a "big virtue"，At least the real "big virtue" gap with Shun is very large。with this，The so -called Confucius' "virtue does not match" the problem of "virtue is not equipped" is clearly released。"The Analects" and other classics，Confucius frequently from Chen is not a saint，It can be echoed here。​​But the Confucianism of the Confucianism in the later generations has entered the pupae that listed Confucius as "Dade" and "Saint"，Then more and more Confucian masters are listed as "saint"。Because they cannot reach the state of "suffering" in "The Golden Mean"，The confusion of the proposition of "Dade will be ordered" increased day by day。

Next，We should jump out of the limitations of traditional Confucian simplifying the content of "suffering" content。Hou Confucianism has not considered the author of "The Golden Mean".。From the general writing idea，Want to emphasize the happiness of Shun，Just from power、Wealth、Fame、Life、Two or three selected two or three in the prosperity of descendants is enough to explain the problem。For example，Hou Confucianism often simplifies the above content into a "bit" content，Discussion of the so -called "virtue does not match" problem。The reason is，Hou Confucianism does not realize that the author of "The Golden Mean" realizes the two potential anti -examples of "Dade will be ordered"，That is，Prevention。

It is precisely the possibility of this possibility，The author of "The Gold" will list as much as possible to enumerate the type of happiness，And as much as possible to the highest degree of happiness as possible。This is here，The king who wants to steal the name of the "Dade" later、The operation space of Xiong Xiong has been greatly compressed。Bet365 app download If you say "Respect for the emperor，rich within the four seas "these two，Several male masters of Han and Tang dynasties can barely suffer，But to say "Zongmiao Temple，Children's Baozhi "，They are embarrassed。Emperor Hanwu had a tragic disaster to death the prince because of "abandoned and longing" and "abolition";，But the abolition of the Prince of the Prince during his lifetime。The ending of these two monarchs is "，Children's Baozhi "gap is very large，The remaining princes will be self -decking theory。I think，The reason for the Confucian Confucianism to simplify the content of the "Subsidant" mentioned in "The Golden Mean" is，In the feudal society for more than 2,000 years，Too much king of the title of "Dade"，formed a continuous stress of kingship。Confucian scholars are out of weight of the royal power，When there is a situation to move closer to the royal power。But must be admitted，Even so，Confucianism is still based on "Great virtue" as the standard，A limited restriction on the feudal royal power。

In short，The proposition of "Dade will be ordered" is clearly recognized，Xiu De is the fundamental。Once cultivated becomes the purest saint with morality，It will inevitably become the best national rulers，Enjoy the most complete and extend to the happy life of the descendants。Once cultivated becomes the purest saint with morality，Then it will inevitably pay the corresponding price。This is "House of Good House in" Yi Chuan "，There must be Yu Qing;，There must be a vein in the same vein。From the perspective of structure，This design establishes a reliable association between "virtue" and "fate"。On the one hand，For the incentives of "fate" to the cultivator，Encourage them to persevere，Do not give up lightly; on the other hand，Give the "non -life" warning to the lack of morals，This disaster extends and descendants。From the perspective of the effect，This design and countless people in the development Bet365 app download of Chinese culture for thousands of years、The journey of the rise and fall of the home country is printed。To a certain extent，This is exactly the theoretical core that Confucianism has inherited for thousands of years without religious commitment。

　　(This article is the "Research on Confucianism 'heresy' and its modern meaning" (2017M622469) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Marxist Institute of Hubei Institute of Economics)