Li Chen: The prosperity of the monks in the early Qing Dynasty
June 11, 2019 08:40 Source: "China Social Sciences" June 11, 2019 Total No. 1710 Author: Li Chen

In the history of the development of Chinese monks,The early Qing Dynasty was a key time node。The monk poetry in the early Qing Dynasty represents the highest level of the development of monks in the Qing Dynasty,Its prosperity is under the historical change of the Ming dying and Qingxing,Once again confirmed the literary speculation of "Unfortunate Poet of the State"。The monk of the survivors is the main force of the creative poetry of the monk in the early Qing Dynasty。The so -called survivor poet monk,Except for a part of the original Buddhist gate in the former Ming Dynasty in the political stand,A few people are transformed into monks,Originally a doctor of ordinary scholars,When the dynasty was overturned, he sent a family,The so -called "Escape Zen"。Among them, there are many Zhi Shi who is firm and involved in the military,Ru Shi Shi (formerly known as Jinshu), the outstanding Chinese science achievement of the monk of the survivor,、Today Seed (formerly known as Qu Dajun),Life resumes are legendary。The latter is to restore the Ming Dynasty,Contact anti -Qing personnel,Walking in the eight parties in my life、Repeatedly involved in danger,Identity repeatedly switch between monks and customs。Unfortunately,Due to the violation of text in the work,Ji Shi、Poetry of this seed in this circulation is in a "text prison" case and was banned in large area。

The prosperity of monks in the early Qing Dynasty,bet365 Play online games The first manifestation in the number of literature。Measured by the Qing Dynasty,Jiang Qingbai has statistics in the article "The Collection and Retrieval of the Collection of Monk Poems in the Qing Dynasty": "From the time of the era of the collection of the existing monk poetry,The main concentration in the early Qing Dynasty,That is Kangxi、Yongzheng、Qianlong Three Dynasties,The most with the Kangxi dynasty。If Qianlong's thirty years (1765) is bound,So there were more than 140 writers born before that,Two -thirds of the author of the poetry of the monks in the Qing Dynasty。"" Compared with the monk's poem collection in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, it can be said to have obvious advantages in quantity。The concentration of monks in the Qing Dynasty also has a giant system,Basically from the poet monk pen of the early Qing Dynasty,If the letter is、Ji Shi、Nanqian、Xiaoqing、Dashan、Optical 等, etc.,The scale of the poem collection is more than 100,000 words。The distribution of poetry monks in the early Qing Dynasty is also wide,Jiangsu and Zhejiang、Lingnan、Yunnan, Guizhou and other places as the focus,More specifically,Suzhou Lingyan、Panyu Leifeng、Yunnan Chicken Foot and other famous mountains are the core areas of the survivors converted,Such as Hongchu of Lingyan Mountain Temple for a long time,The letter to live in Leifeng Haiyun Temple is,Not only can they poetry,And the monk is outstanding,In an important position in the source flow system of Zenmen Linji Zong and Cao Dongzong, respectively,Therefore, it can be regarded as a hub -style character in which poet monks and teachers in the early Qing Dynasty。

bet365 best casino games For the monk of the survivors,The huge shock caused by the dead country can easily disappear,Their nostalgia for the garden,and accompanying pain、Helpless、Sadness and anger、Depression,A row of flowing in the word of poetry,Bring strong emotional expression。For example,A widely circulating famous "Jinling Huaigu" in the early Qing Dynasty monks (Four Fourth): "Stone City Laishui,Water Ring River Guanhe Hao Dragon。Sixth generation of depression Huangye Temple,Five more wind and rain white door clock。Phoenix has gone to the side tree,Swallow still flys to the peak。Who dares to stole the soil? Once the filial piety is fell out。"Cangshen Qing Old,Cut the word,conveys the feeling of deep rise and fall,The author is the first reading of the first reading of "Modern Shizi Poetry" by Wang Shizhen。Another example,Today's interpretation of "Yiwu Mei Village"、Hongren's "Poems of the Wai"、Tongxuan "Dinghu Pian Gift Yin Zizhishan"、Gwangya "Xiancheng Cold Food Song" and other masterpieces from different angles into the historical theme of the Ming Dynasty and Qing Xing,Feelings are deep。Overall,Qiankun inverted,The disorderly chaos of Lingyi,The combination of "monk" and "poem" spread the exhibition as a historical scroll for long songs as crying,As Qu Dajun's "Guangdong New Language" stated: "The saint does not do it,The avenue is out of seeking the Zen;,The monk is disappeared and the monks are disappeared; "Spring and Autumn" has died,Loss of praise and seeking poems。Two Zen as the road,Dao's unfortunate also; with monks as loyal ministers,Dr. Doctor's bet365 best casino games misfortune is also; with poetry as "Spring and Autumn",Unfortunateness of History。"" "The tragedy of the monk's poem writing itself when the Easy Daixi poems are exhausted,Therefore, a large number of monk poems are not even from the poetry monk's writing,Shen De's potential "National Poetry" simply commented on the poem "Deng Da Ke Peak", "Why should the births of the world do this?" labor,I am afraid of being in height for the years。Old Go to Know the Foot Stability,I am afraid of being in height for the years。Relying on Xifeng to send Qing Xiao,There is no roots in the sea, six oao。Relying on Xifeng to send Qing Xiao,Who knows below is Wu Cao。"" Canghai "seems to refer to Taiwan's Zheng's regime。In "The Chronicle of the Chronicle of Qing Poems",Deng Zhicheng believes that Guangya Poem "Quick Breast,No Zen language。Still in the face ",Still in the face "。

Escape from Zen is based on reality,Not equal to converting from the heart。The situation where the heart of Buddhism is in Confucianism is generally existed,The support of the emperor of the Qing Dynasty to Zen,Directly cause the development of Buddhism in the early Qing Dynasty to be secularized,Fang in the world also has Fangwai scene,The struggle between the fight is ups and downs,Public cases come out,Such as Huang Zongxi Shiyun: "Take off Chaozhong Friendship and Donation,Fatters still have Ge spear。"Chen Yuan focused on his masterpiece" The Monk of the Early Qing Dynasty "and focused on the attack of the Taoist attack on the Qing Dynasty.,regards it as the dispute over the portal forces of the monk in the early Qing Dynasty,That is the opposition between the "survivors" faction of bet365 best casino games the monks and the "ministers".。Yan Dichang interpreted in the poem of the early Qing Dynasty in "The History of the Qing Dynasty": Dao Yan wrote the collection of poems "New Pu Green Collection",Take the "Jiangtou Palace Lock Qianmen in Du Fu's" Ai Jiangtou ",Who is the green sentence of Xiliu Xinpu? ",After becoming a Buddhist noble noble, people will be ironic with "Xinpu Green"。On the other hand,Hongchu's "Gold Corner,Wear my layer of Yue;,。Gentleman,屦 Easy。Kankan drum,Dalu will fall ",It seems at the atmosphere of the time that is sighed again。Another example,Letter can be exiled in Shenyang by the Qing court due to the case of private adversity.,On the surface, this is a case of "text prison" in nature,A real letter can contact Hong Chengchou because of "rebellion"。Chen Yinque pointed out in "Liu Ru's Biography" that the letter can be secretly traveled in Jinling in Bingyu (1646)、Between Lingnan,Running for Anti -Qing Sports for the South。Related conclusions, of course, need deep historical data interpretation and accurate historical vision,Some poems in the "Chi Mountain Poetry Collection" also revealed the clues of its trace。Therefore,Monk poems in the early Qing Dynasty not only have the function of expressing emotions,It also has its testimony value at the level of echoing explicit and hidden historical facts and even at the level of ideological history。other,Some realistic works in monk poems can enrich the historical image of poetry monks。Dashan and Qu Dajun、The evil of the survivors such as Pan Yan and other people is also intriguing,Directly related to the interpretation Bet365 lotto review of the historical image of Dashan。Dashan "Being in Zen",Most words and deeds are contrary to the Buddhist gate,According to historical materials, the character is indeed a matter of discussion,But its poems are another realm,In other words,It is difficult to correspond to its poems and character,Such as "River Decision" and "Earthquake".,Care reality,There are Du Shi style。

Of course,Performance of monk poems,Zen writing with "hazard gas" generally does not change because of the times,Total to say。Total to say,Zen Writing as a common existence in monk's poems has been accumulated for a long time,There is no substantial promotion in the early Qing Dynasty,But the work with unique charm is still,Rucheng's "Mountain Residence" a poem: "One and two old pine green,Listening to the starry star。Once once on three days and five days,Shoulder Lotus Shine Hand Hand Hand Holding。Reading the Scriptures Reading Mountain Moon,Listening to the starry star。Sure enough to throw pine,Dream and Song Gen Begging Poria ",presents a picture of an interesting outer life map。Relatively speaking,The poetry monk in the early Qing Dynasty built a special creation in the theory of poetics,Hongzhi (formerly known as Fang Yi Zhi), especially the representative,He in the body of the poem、Patient、Sound rhythm、Law、Emotional、Aesthetic and other aspects are all exquisite discussions,Among them, it also contains profound philosophical speculation,There is a place in the history of literature and thought in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties。Other like Dashan、Shi Shi, etc., Bet365 lotto review also leave unique opinions in the field of poetry。

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