One of the basic features of Western philosophy in the 20th century is that language philosophy replaces the philosophy of consciousness and becomes a new paradigm for philosophy。Correspondingly，Language exchanges and significance issues have become the core topic of philosophical research。When the theory of interaction treats meaning as what people communicate through language exchanges，It triggered a problem about meaning and nature。Difficulty is: on the one hand，The meaning of language is related to the psychological activity or status of the person as a language exchange，It is related to external things; on the other hand，The meaning itself cannot be both of them，Because they are not what we can communicate through language。First，We cannot exchange their own psychological activities or status。A person cannot convey a certain psychological activity or state to others through language，Let others have the same psychological activity or status。Next，We cannot communicate external things through language。According to the ancient Greek Wise Gorkya，We cannot inform others of the existence itself through language。

On the issue of the nature of meaning and the relationship between the relationship with psychology and external things，The viewer of the pioneer of language analysis philosophy Freder's point of view is still very inspiring to this day。Freder takes "Observe the Moon by a person through a telescope" as an example，analog explanation of the meaning of the word "moon" (special name) bet365 best casino games and its relationship with related psychological things (appearance) and external things (objects)。There are two imagings here，One is the imaging of the Moon on the retina on the observer，The other is the imaging of the moon on the inside of the telescope。Freds pointed out，On the one hand，Each person’s retinal imaging can only be owned and used by himself，So，retinal imaging is a complete subjective thing; on the other hand，Although compared to the moon itself，The imaging of the Moon in the inside of the telescope is one -sided because of the dependency observation angle，but still objective，Can be used by different observers。Freig compares the psychological appearance of the moon on the observer's retina to say or hear the words "Moon"，The image of the moon on the inside of the telescope is compared to the meaning of "Moon"，Compare the moon to the index of "Moon"。He explained this，Words (special name) meaning is neither an external object that it refers to，Not a person's related psychological appearance，but things other than these two。The essence of the meaning of words lies in the special presentation of the object of the object，This way of presentation is both one -sided and objective。

This metaphor of Fraig may cause people to misunderstand two aspects of the meaning of words: First, it is meaningful to think that words can be separated，Second, the essence of the meaning of words lies in the way of the object of the person's senses。The misunderstandings in these two aspects are interrelated，Because on one aspect，Just as Freder pointed out，It is the meaning of exploring the meaning in isolation that people think of meaning as a psychological appearance; bet365 live casino games on the other hand,，If the meaning is the object of the person's sensory manifestation，That meaning is psychological appearance。Freg advocate，"To explore the meaning of words in the context of the sentence"，This principle is often interpreted as the principle of overall theory，The meaning of the sentence determines the meaning of the words that appear in it。but actually，Fred's real point is，The relationship between the meaning of the sentence and the meaning of the words is not the general relationship between the overall and part of the general sense，Instead of consistent or corresponding relationship。"For the special name，Significance is the way of presentation of the object。Objects will be presented in different ways，Corresponding to each way of presentation is a special meaning that contains the names that contains the special name。"If you think of the meaning of the special name as the object of the object of the sensory,，It is difficult for us to understand its consistency or correspondence with the meaning of statement，Of course, the latter is not something we can grasp with the senses。but，If we think of the meaning of the special name as the object of the object of reason，So this consistency or corresponding relationship will become simple and clear。An object always presents a simple individual thing in front of our senses，A thing that can be accused in an isolated language (name)。but，When an object is presented in front of our reason，It is presented as a thing in a certain concept and relationship，A statement must be used instead of what is justified by the name。On the one hand，When we state a statement through the statement，We expressed an idea about bet365 best casino games that object，This idea is the meaning of statement; on the other hand，The way the object is present for reason is the meaning of its special name。So，Specific name meaning and sentence significance are consistent。

Now we can say，The meaning of the special name is objective，It is because the meaning of the sentence corresponding to it is that the thought is objective。The foundation of the objectivity of thought is not external objects but rational。"I understand the objectivity as the feeling independent of our feeling、intuitive and imagination，Understanding as a psychological structure independent of memory，instead of being independent of rationality。"" "，Also connects thoughts with each other，Make them a regular, that is, objective things。

Freg regards the sentence (assertion) as a special name，Think of thought as the meaning of statement，See the true values ​​(true and false) as a statement of statement and thought，This approach is criticized by some Freder research experts including Damit。From Damit's view，Freig regards the sentence as a special name to go astray，This has made him an important insight in the principle of context，That is a statement instead of language is the smallest unit of language meaning。I think，As long，I will find the true、The point of view of false as a sentence and ideas is actually a very creative and profound point of view。Only all the true thoughts are pointing to the same true，It is possible to establish inevitable logical associations between them, that is, logical laws，Only can there be logical proof of thought。Obviously，This is the same as it must be independent of any thought。or，Truth must be the common point of all true thoughts, not bet365 best casino games their respective attributes。When a kind of ideological law only focuses on the relationship between thoughts and truths and regards the special content and object of thought，It is the most general ideological law，It is also the most common law of truth。

Can't confuse the thinking and its laws with our thinking activities and its laws，Do not confuse the truth and its laws with our judgment (deemed to be truth) and its laws，Can't confuse the logic and psychological things。Thought and thinking activities are two completely different things。Thought as the meaning of statement，As a thing we express and communicate through language，is objective，No psychological activity including thinking activities。We grasp through thinking activities instead of thinking。Thinking activity is a natural event that occurs in time，Thought is an eternal concept existence。Just as thoughts do not rely on our thinking activities，The truth of thought does not rely on our judgment activity。Whether we judge Bidorlas theorem as a real or fake，Nothing affects its truth。

Judging activity is a psychological activity，Obief of psychological laws。Psychological law is another kind of experience and natural law，The latter is the general feature of natural phenomena，From it, it can be derived from the cause and effect explanation of natural phenomena。Therefore, from psychological laws, it can be derived from the cause and effect interpretation of judgment activities，This cause and effect explanation cannot act as a logical proof and defense of judgment results，Because whether the result of the judgment is correct or wrong，The judgment activities are all for the reason。Just as truth is different from judgment bet365 live casino games activities，The law of truth is also different from the rules of judgment activities。The law of truth is not psychological, but logical laws，Not the law of facts but the law of concept，Not an experience but a congenital law。

As a pure logic rule，The rules of truth are not the normative regulations of our thinking and judgment activities，But it can be assigned such regulations，or can be used as such regulations。The normative regulations derived from the laws and laws are generally，If we want to reach the truth，Our thinking and judgment activities must follow the law of truth。It is in this sense，Freder said that logic can also be called a standard science。The problem now is，Since our thinking and judgment activities have obeyed psychological laws，How can they ask them to obey the normative regulations that are derived from the fundamental laws of psychological laws? The answer to this is，Although the psychological law is different from the logic law，But this does not mean that it contradicts the logic law。In other words，Although the thinking and judgment activity that follows psychological laws is not always followed by logical laws，But it is not always or will inevitably violate the logic law。It can be said，Logic laws are the laws of pure rational and rational activities，Psychological laws are the laws of human beings and rationality under the condition of sensory experience。Our sensory material on the one hand provides emotional materials for rational and rational activities，On the other hand, it will also interfere and mislead them，Make them violate the logic law。The reason why we may obey the logic law，It is because as a rational existence，We have independence and freedom that does Bet365 app download not be stipulated by the conditions of perceptual experience。No such independence and freedom，Our knowledge activity has become a simple natural event，Knowing the truth becomes a completely accidental and "lucky luck" thing。

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