In Classical Ethics Thought，The objective existence of moral truth is undoubted。But，With the gradual development of the ideas of modern scientificist epistemology，Whether moral truth exists has become a controversial question，The questioning and defense of this question constitutes an extremely important cutting -edge problem in today's ethics discussion。

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When using the concept of "moral truth"，We must be careful。This is because of，As long as we discuss moral truth，I will face the question of whether there is a moral truth，And this kind of doubt is increasingly loud in modern context。But，This kind of question before in modern times is actually not existing，But from Hume's announcement of that famous logical truth，The trend of pulling morality into the altar is unstoppable。So，Now talking about moral truth is facing pressure from two aspects。First，Although the legitimacy of moral truth has been doubtful in modern times，But the moral truth we are talking about is still through the history and content of ethics，The "moral truth" theory with a good development trend for a long time。Next，Such doubts are appropriate and logical truth to some extent，This forced us to find another way to demonstrate moral truth。

To answer whether moral truth exists，We must first clarify what the moral truth is; and what is to clarify what moral truth is，What do we have bet365 live casino games to examine the truth。Actually，It is a deep -rooted belief about the connotation of "truth"，Only cause moral truth to be criticized by unwillingly。Since the beginning of the school in modern times, the contextual theory has shifted，The doctrine of "truth" is placed in the core position of the philosophy，Settleders no longer try to make a judgment of the essence of the world，Instead, try to establish a subjective and objective understanding in a rational interpretation method。This kind of attempt began by Descartes，​​Development of Supinosa and Leibniz，Eventually, a relatively complete system was formed in Hegel，The connotation of truth is gradually established in the process。Truth can be expressed in form: the consistency of subjective and objective world。As Leibniz summarized in the argument with Locke: when we discuss the truth，At least it is "a secret assumption，I think it is in line with a certain thing "。This belief in truth has been widely default by modern philosophers，Its direct influence is: to some theorists' eyes，The characteristics of moral truth are also the consistency of subjective and objective things。

Actually，This belief in "truth"，Play a key role in a main path to deny moral truth。From Hume's view，There is no so -called moral facts。When we check an action，We can't see any factor that can be considered the facts; we can only discover our emotions，That is our joy、Emotional Agreement and Appreciation。Hume's heirs，John Mackie, a Australian philosopher John Mackie, also believes，When we talk about the truth of good and evil，Actually just invented these concepts，Because bet365 Play online games you set off from the first knowledge (sensory)，We can't find such a type of existence，If there are such "facts"，Then we need to have a strange、Special moral understanding function。

　　Reflection: What does moral truth exist in the sense

We are in the opposition of Hume and McGee，It is not difficult to see the deep -rooted concept of "truth" on them，That is, moral truth is also a subjective and objective "certain consistency"。They think that we only use our existing recognition ability，It is impossible to discover such moral facts。Therefore，We can only assume that there is some kind of super -sensor's recognition ability，It can help us discover the moral "facts" of the so -called super -sensitive official "facts"，And such a hypothesis to be ridiculous to those theorists。

The theorists who deny moral truth actually grafted the concept of "scientific truth" directly to the "moral truth"，But when we talk about morality，The situation is not that。We can’t blame the pioneers of school，Because they do discuss truth issues within a reasonable limit。When the truth problem is highlighted in modern times，Ethical problems are in a more important position in their vision; their so -called truth，It is just a consistency of subjective understanding and external "natural facts"，and natural facts exist completely in our will。but，When we examine all aspects and elements of moral theory，Is there something that exists independently from our will? Actually，Hume announced an important logical truth，strictly distinguish between facts and value，Profile to treat ethics in a way that is different from Bet365 lotto review theoretical science。But in the specific discussion link，Hume and his heirs violated the logical truth that it proposed，Still reviewing the elements of ethics from the perspective of theoretical science，and "moral truth" is indeed a strange concept in the vision of theoretical science。

So，What is the sense of moral truth? Aquina has repeatedly said，Ethics from beginning to end is "practice"。The so -called "practice"，It is opposite to "theory"，Both from Aristotle。When Aristotle proposed this set of concepts，He strictly distinguishes the two functions of SPECULATIVE Reason and Practical Reason。Although both Aristotle and Aquina admit，We only have one reason，The ability to think and get judgment，But when the rational application is applied to different objects，Its functional connotation is completely different。Surprising and rational point to the objective world，We use the three paragraphs of formal logic，Get "fact" (theoretical) judgment，Practical rationality points to "good"，We think about our own complete thinking，Get "what is good" judgment。On the basis of strictly distinguishing different rational functions，We can have a clear understanding of the foundation of moral truth。Since the moral truth is in the form of "what is good" judgment，So this judgment should not be found in speculation，should be found in practical reason。Therefore，Moral Truth Suspects made a mistake，They want to be rooted in the foundation of moral truth，But found the wrong direction。

　　Example: a possible moral truth construction mode

John Finnis, a famous British natural law philosopher bet365 live casino games John Finnis, explores moral truth in the correct theoretical direction of practice rationality。

Phynis thinks，On the source of moral truth，It is impossible for us to get in practice to obtain a moral judgment，"Good" comes from the construction of practical rationality。In Phynis's ideological system，Practical rationality is not only used to discover what kind of life is a good life，It is also used to determine how to achieve a good life，Good is the grasp of practical rationality in its own operation。Generally speaking，Practical rational ability in the context of Aristotle and Aquina refers to a ability to gain moral judgment，Although this judgment is completely different from the use of rationality in the field of pure speculation (the formal logic reasoning of the three paragraphs)，But the goal of practical rationality is to obtain moral "true" judgment，About this is a consensus。So，What is the content of this "true" judgment? Is it about means or about purpose?。For example，From the perspective of Mcing Nani，"Practical rationality starts from the purpose，and find a means to achieve the purpose "。But，From the view of Phoenix，The operation of practical rationality is not just to determine the means of realizing good，In fact, practical rationality has more basic operation，That is to build good，"The primary and most basic operation of practical reason is not limited、Limited or negative，and in promoting，Therefore, it is positive，That is to find and build those who are understandable that the actions given to us for people pursued by people "。

Practical rational grasp Bet365 app download of "good" is called "concept"，It starts with a understanding of an inclination，"Understand" the goal pointed to this tendency into a "opportunity" or "good"。Phynis thinks，"tendency" is a concept that can generally portray everyone's nature，"Some tendencies are natural desires，and some tendencies are the desire or disgust of the senses "，These tendencies often drive us to take action，And we noticed。We are living、Practical experience In the world, notice your interest in certain objects，If we find that we always like to ask questions，and realize that we will be happy to get the correct answer，I feel distressed by being unable to get the correct answer。The attention of "tendency" provides materials for practical rationality，Practice "concept" method of practical rationality，Understand realistic interest activities as activities that help individuals in the future。That is to say，When we notice our interest in knowledge，We concept "knowledge" through practical rationality as the "good" in the future to help us complete。This "good" is from the idea of ​​practical rationality，"Knowledge" is also a "opportunity" or "possibility"，"Good" to be realized。When we grasp a "good" through practice rationality，We will get a moral truth。The reason why moral truth is "true"，Just in the sense of analogy,，Moral truth is by no means a compliance of natural facts。"True" of moral truth，It is to guide our actions and life，to make our lives meaningful。

Phoenness provided us with a good inspiration on the road to seeking moral truth: the characteristics of moral truth，Is not Bet365 app download to obtain the "objective" judgment on the facts，and seeking value judgment，to make our lives and actions meaningful，This provides a different special idea for us to solve the problem of moral truth.。

　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)