The world often laments the difficulty of translating bet365 bonus code pa classics。The profoundness of the sages’ thoughts makes translation difficult，But failure in translation often does not lie in the obscurity of ancient sayings，It’s because the translator’s understanding of word order and structure is too one-sided，Eventually there is confusion in the meaning of the translation、Disordered thoughts。Let’s look at typical cases in the translation of the Tao Te Ching。

Chapter 32 of "Tao Te Ching" mentions "bet365 bonus code pa often nameless"，Many readers and even researchers have misunderstood it as "bet365 bonus code pa always nameless"。The British sinologist James Legge translated it as "The Tao, considered as unchanging, has no name”，Gu Zhengkun translated it as "bet365 bonus code pa nameless for ever"。The two translations seem to correspond in terms of words，But the translation is inconsistent with the original text。"Tao Te Ching" says: "The Tao may be Tao but it is not Tao，The name can be very famous。”Visible，"Tao" is famous，The "Tao Te Ching" also clearly shows that "God of Grains", "Xuan Ni's Gate", "Heaven and Earth Root", "Wu" and "Da" are all nicknames for Tao，And "Tao" itself is also the name of "Tao"，How can we say "Tao is always nameless"？Misunderstanding of the Tao Te Ching makes the classic absurd。

The reason why this translation phenomenon occurs，The root of the problem is that the translator sticks to the words and ignores the flexibility of word order，Lack of adequate understanding of bet365 bonus code pa language grammar。From the level of metaphysical universal grammar，Structurally speaking, negative words like “无” do not matter before, after, left or right，In natural language, it may be before or after the element being operated on，or insert between，Or use both the beginning and the end。bet365 bonus code pa generally puts negative words first，For example, the relationship between "nothing" and "constant name" can be combined into "no permanent name"。But not always，Negative words can also be inserted between "common names"，That is, "often nameless" in this example，Modern bet365 bonus code pa "know or not" and "can't sleep" also fall into this category。The comment on "Tao is often nameless" in Heshang Public Edition's "Tao Te Ching" is also clear evidence: "Tao can be yin and yang，Can Chi and Zhang，Can survive or die，hence the name of impermanence。”Therefore，The correct translation is: "The Word has no constant name"。

This is not an isolated case of negative bet365 bonus code pa infixation，There is also "Bodhi has no tree，The mirror is not a platform” and so on。We naturally cannot understand that "Bodhi originally had no trees，The Mirror is not Taiwan”，This does not make sense in literature。But if you can understand the use of negative bet365 bonus code pa infixes，The meaning can be straightened out - "There is no Bodhi tree，Not a mirror”。"Bodhi tree" and "Mingjingtai" as nouns are confirmed by Shenxiu's "body is a Bodhi tree" and "heart is a mirroring platform"。

Words in no particular order，This does not mean that the word order of the bet365 bonus code pa language is disorderly，It means that bet365 bonus code pa word order is not single。On a phrase level，bet365 bonus code pa is considered a language in which the central word is appended with other components (the central word is modified、Restricted semantic core part)，For example, the positive structure of "beautiful garden" means that the central word has the element "beautiful" added to it。Actually，Non-head words relative to the head word have prefixes、Suffix、Infix、Four forms of ring decoration。

The prefix is ​​the modifier、The limiting bet365 bonus code pa is placed before the central bet365 bonus code pa。Although this phenomenon is common，But when it solidifies into a proper noun with closely connected meanings，Often ignored by people，Resulting in distorted semantics after translation。Take "Hou Yi" as an example，Hou Yi’s real name is Yi (or the one who is good at shooting)，The bet365 bonus code pa "hou" means one person gives orders，Extended to monarch。Therefore the "hou" in Hou Yi is used to explain Yi's status，is the prefix usage，According to the reductive encoding translation, it can be King Archer。

Let’s focus on the “zi” in ancient bet365 bonus code pa - there are four ways to add it。The "Zi" in the names of "Zi Lu" and "Zi Gong" is the same prefix as the "Hou Yi" mentioned above，Can be translated as Sir Road、Sir Offer。The most common phenomenon of "子" being used as a suffix。The so-called suffix refers to placing the modifier or restrictive word after the central word。Proper names such as "Zhuangzi" and "Guanzi"，“子” is the suffix of the name，Reflects a person’s social status，Then nature can become an independent word，So it can be translated as Sir Lush according to the reduction method、Sir Tube。

Infixation is the lexical phenomenon of embedding non-head words into the middle of the head words。Such as "Nanbo Ziqi" in "Zhuangzi"，Nan Bo is a compound surname，禦为名，Sub-indicator status，is a typical usage of "子" embedded in the central bet365 bonus code pa "Nan Boqi"。

Ambient means that there are affixes before and after the central bet365 bonus code pa。"Zimozi" appearing in "Mozi"，"Zi Sang Bozi" in "Zhuangzi" is a representative example。“子” is both prefixed and suffixed here，Their functions are used to describe the center bet365 bonus code pa，Indicates an honorific title。

The above method of adding suffixes based on the central language，bet365 bonus code pa is not difficult to find that there are four kinds of addition phenomena about "子"，That is, the prefix is ​​like "子路"、Suffix such as "Zhuangzi"、Infix such as "Nanbo Ziqi"、The ring is decorated with "Zimozi"。

Accordingly，We can easily identify similar bet365 bonus code pa structures，For example, in the Tang Dynasty，People are used to embedding their family ranking in their names，Such as "武七儿"。Similarly, there is a phenomenon of embedding place names into names，Generally used as a title for a leader，Such as "Weinan Lingbing"，That is, "Wei Bing，Nanling County Magistrate”。

In summary，The flexibility of bet365 bonus code pa structure is evident，This can be used as a fulcrum for our understanding of bet365 bonus code pa morphology and even syntactic structure。The flexibility of bet365 bonus code pa word order is not limited to the lexical level，The same is true at the syntactic level，We cannot simply summarize bet365 bonus code pa as subject-predicate-object structure。Example below: Where are you going？Where are you going？Where are you going？These three sentences present subject-predicate-object respectively、Subject-Object-Predicate、Three word order structures of object-predicate-subject，The position of the component has changed，But the semantic content remains unchanged。Visible，Sense of emphasis in bet365 bonus code pa、Reworked。Some sentences seem "illogical"，The understanding and expression actually rely on the internal logic of semantics to complete，Like the following three sentences: There is a monk living in the temple；We have a visitor at home；Wang Mian’s father died when he was seven years old。The order of subject and predicate in these three sentences is completely opposite，But no one thinks that "temple", "home" and "Wang Mian" are the ministers，Readers or listeners can sort out the meaning on their own。

Of course，This is not a phenomenon unique to bet365 bonus code pa，The same is true for Western languages，such as the often seen predicate、Postposition of attributive and other phenomena。The flexibility of bet365 bonus code pa lexicon and syntax is consistent with the setting of universal grammar，English or other languages ​​can also be verified。

The Tao is often nameless，It is mysterious and mysterious，Endless changes，But it can be seen and felt。The language is so similar to it。Words in no particular order，We believe that the forward movement of language components、Post、embedded、Inlay is a common language phenomenon。Existing classics translated into bet365 bonus code pa，There are still many misunderstandings caused by translators’ insufficient understanding of language syntax、Mistranslation，These mistranslations cannot be justified within the text，It will also affect excellent ideas、Propagation of culture。Therefore，The author thinks，It is necessary to reveal and emphasize the characteristics of bet365 bonus code pa structure，Let the linguistic phenomenon that is in line with the principles of universal grammar but that few people pay attention to return to the perspective of researchers。As far as translation is concerned，Finally, the language fog in front of the translator must be blown away。

　(bet365 bonus code pa’s affiliation: School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University)