Marx's empirical research method is different from the speculative tradition of young Hegelpai，It is also very different from the empirical philosophy of Britain and France。From Marx's view，Young Hegel School uses self -consciousness as an objective basis for the emotional world，Seeing history as a fabricated activity of the subject of imagination，This kind of concept to concept、The "Heavenly Kingdom" that is intoxicated by the concept and ignores the experience and facts is just the empty of the idealist、There is only a whisper without a substantial content; and abstract empiricalists just take history as some deadly facts，Failure to catch the inner connection behind the experience，I only know that the materials are blindly collecting materials without knowing how to process。Marx pays attention to the beneficial ingredients of extinguishing empiricism，Divident and absorption of a large amount of experience and facts that I have exposed to contact，Reveal the essence of the research object。Because Marx grasped subjective and objective、Abstract and specific、Logical interaction of experience and theory，Only make the historical view of materialism show solid scientificity。From the perspective of methodology，Marx emphasizes rejection of the metaphysical thinking of "the same sex"，Highlight the positive significance of "extraordinary sex"。This episode is reflected in Marx's countermeasures、Emphasis of individual and differences。

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From ancient Greece to bet365 Play online games German classical philosophy，Western philosophy pursues the pursuit of "one" symbolizing the ultimate knowledge.。As Dewey said in "Seeking Defirmation"，"Philosophy is common、Unchanged、The existing tendency of eternal things is fixed。It has always become the common wealth of all classical philosophy traditions "。Marx realizes the illusion and deception of abstract "same nature"，He explicitly pointed out in the preface of "German Ideology"，"So far people have always created themselves for themselves、Regarding what you are or what you should become a false concept。They follow their own about God、Regarding the concept of standard persons to establish your own relationship "。As a result,，As the main body, in various priority and mysterious illusion、Concept、Doddling and imagination of the existence of the existence into pure tools and means，Towards closed and single。

Marx pointed out，It is necessary to break the "pure formalism" or "essentialism" of the criminal and restraint of human life，The loader of the change of the movement of things，that is, the material or material start。Where in Marx，The material has no doubt basic and prerequisite status compared to the form。Because of nature、The unified bond between society and human beings is a material with objective and realistic。Marx pointed out，"This is some realistic individuals，It is their activity and their material living conditions，Including their existing material living conditions created by their own activities。Therefore，These prerequisites can be confirmed by purely experience methods "。From this，Marx's upside -down worldview of "head and foot" and then reverse it，Clarify the reality bet365 best casino games and necessity of "standing with your feet"。and the world explained the world in the name of ultimate reason or absolute truth，The "old philosophy" of people's thoughts and actions should be criticized。This "old philosophy" makes the bloody life individuals dominated and littered by non -personal abstract power。In fact，"Not consciousness determines life，but life decision consciousness "。Thinking、Spirit、System, etc. It is just a sublimation material for the material life process that is related to people's food, drinking, and wearing material needs，Social history，instead of eternity、Always as one。

In a capitalist society，"Sameness" manifests as the absolute existence of capital logic，and advocate the social status under it as a reality with the only reasonableness，Demolition and manipulating people's life trajectory。Marx starts from quality experience and facts，From the perspective of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, the temporary nature of capitalist production relations，Refut the Chen Rotten fallacy of vulgar economists，I believe that with the development of socialized large -scale production，The foundation of the bourgeoisie depends on the production and possession of the product itself can no longer be compatible with the society，This demonstrates that "the demise of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable"。

　　Individual: Individuals who follow experience

Marx thinks，Emphasize "general" or "common phase" metaphysics，"Put the concept as the subject in any place，Turning the main body of the real sense ... into a predicate "。Rich and diverse emotional reality is a pure and free spirit、Donor in the logical category of super Bet365 app download sensual，Not the same sex、Individuality and multi -direction is emphasized absoluteism、Ultimate、Non -historic、Remove all the differences of the differences of the differences in all differences、Unified camera and wiper，Leading concept and entity、Thinking and existence、alienation and division of people and the world。Pure same nature makes heterogeneity without a foothold。Marx pointed out，"Observation of experience should reveal the contacts of social structure and political structure according to experience in any circumstances，instead of any mysterious and speculative color "。The secrets of metaphysics should be found from real life，Simple theoretical criticism is invalid。"All society living in essence is the practice。All mysterious things that lead the theory to mysteriousism，3572_3598。"The fundamental way out to dispel the shape and the shadow of schooling is to change the secular life foundation of its generation。More specifically，It lies in the way of renovation and update people，Give the relationship between the world and the person of the person，Restore the comprehensiveness of human perceptual。

Marx's clear emphasis，"The first premise of all human history is undoubtedly the existence of life of life"。It is through the "being in reality、You can observe it with experience、A person in the process of development under certain conditions，Marx realizes，Under capitalist production conditions，"The devaluation of the world's value -added of the world into the world is proportional"，and "Capital has independence and personality，The individual who is active does not have independence and personality "。The "conspiracy" of capital and metaphysics Bet365 lotto review makes individuals completely ruled and transformed by abstract power。People are "neat and uniform".，Worship of Capital，Bowing Knee。Marx advocates understanding emotional life activities as a multi -dimensional、Openness、"Free Conscious Activities" of dynamic practice，It is vivid, not solidified，It opens to the future。An intention of "the same essence" in the "same essence" of life specifies by divinity or materiality，Both will eliminate the multi -meaning of life、Unexpected and dialectical，thus suffocating the subject characteristics of the person、Create spirit and internal value。Marx analyzes the theory of capitalist diseases with empirical research methods.、Specific、Rich life individual explores the way to realize self -liberation，Make "the condition of everyone's free development is the condition of all people's free development" becomes reality。

　Difference: Specific analysis of specific problems

Marx attaches importance to experience，But he is not limited to experience，More opposition to superstition experience，Instead, it emphasizes specific analysis of specific issues on the basis of using experience facts。This is mainly reflected in the research on the development of Russia's development in Marx's later years。In order to accurately grasp the social and economic status of Russia，Marx self -taught Russian，Research on related literature，Aware of the particularity of Russian rural communes，It is believed that the development prospects of Russia depends on the historical environment it is located。In the letter to the editorial department of the Motherland Chronicle，Marx's criticism of "universalization" and "theorem" of his theory，"His (Mihaelovsky Bet365 app download -Camer Note) must completely turn my historical overview of the origin of Western European capitalism into a historical philosophy theory of general development path，All nations，Regardless of their historical environment，Both are destined to take this road ... but I want to ask him for forgiveness。He does this，Will give me too much honor，At the same time, I will also give me too much insult "。In "Reinforcement to Victoria Iracha"，Marx thinks，Russia "" Kavin Gorge can not pass through the capitalist system，All positive results created by the capitalist system "。From Marx's view，General historical philosophy theory is not template、Standardized unified standards，Not allowed to be allowed to be allowed。Because each country is in the historical background、Development level、Cultural traditions, there are differences，Therefore, road selection cannot be "the same sex"，Instead of "non -the same nature" of the polymorphism。

Hegel pointed out in "Spiritual Phenomenology"，"A dialectical movement of consciousness to itself -both the knowledge and the object of it，As far as its consciousness has produced a new real object，It is exactly what people call it experience "。Experience is not static，but with time、The changes in the place and conditions are constantly expanded and extended。The grasp of the changing research object cannot depend on fixed conceptual thinking，Instead, it is necessary to open up new thinking and perivasor based on the unique situation of social history。Marx keenly captured the difference in differences in the experience，Abandon the "same nature" partial paranoia of theoretical construction，Actively adjust the ideological orientation，Clarification Bet365 app download premise，Delivery boundaries，Critical understanding of principles according to the true face of things and internal essence。

　　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy at Beijing Normal University)