"The Theory of bet365 voucher" is a general term for the tenets of classical Confucianism。Classical Confucianism inherited the tradition of "homogeneity of temperament" in early Chinese culture，Fully affirm the rationality of the value of human affection，To a great extent, it shapes the Chinese people’s “sentient” worldview。After the transformation of Han Dynasty Neo-Confucianism，The theory of love gradually gave way to the theory of mind-nature that “nature is good and emotions are evil”，As a result, the subsequent development of Confucianism continues to become rigid。

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Chinese philosophy is first of all the philosophy of Chinese characters。Want to know the original meaning of "love"，Need to understand the Chinese character structure of "情"。"情" takes "心" as the radical，Added the word "green"。“心” is taken from the heart，The ancients believed that "heart" is the organ of human consciousness，"Mood", "Mind" and "Heart" can be generated from it，And because the "heart" is within the body，So it is also called "heart"。The word "青" is originally composed of "屮" in the upper part and "Dan" in the lower part，"屮" is the same as the ancient word "艸"，similar to "生"，"Shuowen" interprets it as "the first growth of vegetation"；“Dan” is Akaishi，Close to the shape of "well"，or means underground well。"Green" is taken from "grass grows on the ground"，originally refers to the color of vegetation when they first grow。Therefore，The original meaning of "love" should be: the inner feeling。Any Chinese character composed of "青"，Ruqian、Jing、Fine、eyes、Jing、Qing、Qing et al.，Mostly positive、Beautiful meaning，So "love" probably has a positive value from the beginning，This can be used as a supplementary evidence for the "emotional goodness theory"。“Sex” and “bet365 voucher” are related。"Xing" is composed of "心" and "生"，"生" comes from "屮" from "地"，The explanation in "Shuowen" is "The elephant tree is born from the ground"。“Sex” and “bet365 voucher” share the same image，This is "the same origin of temperament"。However，“bet365 voucher” is more dynamic than “Sex”，So although the two words are often used together，Every expression has different emphasis，“Love” emphasizes “first appearance” and “budding”，“Xing” emphasizes “nature”。Therefore，Zhu Xi has repeatedly stated: "The heart is still nature if it is not moved，If you move, it’s love，The so-called ‘mind governs temperament’。” ("Zhu Xi Yu Lei·Volume 5")

From "temperament" to "mind" is a turning point in Confucian philosophy。Dai Zhen pointed out，"Compassion、Shame、Respectfully、The heart of right and wrong，What Mencius calls the heart，The feeling that cannot be called" ("Mencius's Symbol Meanings")。Generally believed，Mencius’s “four hearts” refer to the four naturally occurring emotions，There is nothing wrong with changing the name to "Four Emotions"，But what is Mencius’s “insignificant love”，This leaves room for interpretation of "Confucianism after Mencius"。Moreover，“Those who do their best，Know its nature" ("Mencius: All the Heart") and other sayings also strengthen the heart、The connection between sex，Make the position of "love" more ambiguous。The real turning point occurred in the Han Dynasty，Confucianism through Shusun Tong、Transformation by Dong Zhongshu and others，It became the official ideology of the Han Empire，However, the New Confucianism of the Han Dynasty、Ideological Confucianism and Original Confucianism、Pure Confucianism is very different。A major feature of the Han Dynasty’s Neo-Confucianism is its “hybrid nature”，Confucianism、法、Yin and Yang families are blended together。Dong Zhongshu compares the "Yin-Yang" structure，Proposed that "nature" has Yang and Yin、There is good and there is evil、Benevolent and greedy，Attribute the evil of human nature to "emotion"，Thus started another Confucian tradition of "yang is superior to yin" and "nature is good and bet365 voucher evil"。The transformation movement of Han Confucianism had a profound impact on the development of Confucianism，A typical case comes from Eastern Han Dynasty Confucian scholars、Letter Xu Shen，He defined "Xing" in "Shuowen" as "people's Yang Qi and good nature"，And "emotion" is defined as "the person's Yin Qi and desire"。Since then，"The same origin of temperament" is divided into "mind" and "lust"，"Love" has faded away from the beautiful image of "new growth of vegetation"，The theory of emotional goodness or "beautiful emotion" is no longer a core concern of Confucianism。The withdrawal of "emotion" took away part of the vibrant business of Confucianism，Paves the way for the continued rigidity of Confucianism。

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"Benevolence" is the keystone of Confucianism。Confucius’ theory of benevolence is a model of Confucianism’s theory of love，Established the Confucian tradition of love。Confucius believes，“Filial piety” is the foundation of benevolence，"Filial piety"，It is the foundation of benevolence" ("The Analects·Xueer")，This is to say，For the sake of benevolence, one starts with oneself。The goal of benevolence is to be able to "love others" ("The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan")。Loving others (loving others) is different from kissing (loving relatives)，Kissing is the beginning of benevolence，Loving others is the result of benevolence，Mencius called it "being close to relatives and benevolent to the people" ("Mencius: Devotion to the Heart")。In the process of realizing Ren，“Love” is the main thread running through it。Dear、仁、Love，All are different degrees of "love"，filial piety、Ti、loyalty、Letter，Everyone must have the participation of "bet365 voucher"。One sentence，“bet365 voucher” is the basic concept in the Confucian value system。In Confucian view，Any bet365 voucher，Everyone has its own "moderate" expression。“Golden mean” is an abstract principle，And "bet365 voucher" constitutes the material and content through which this principle realizes itself。The normative expression of "bet365 voucher" is established in the form of "literary" or "vulgar"，It is the activity of "making gifts"。“Ritual and music” is also a unit that Confucianism attaches great importance to，The production of ritual music also comes from "bet365 voucher"，"The Ceremony，Essays based on human feelings" ("Book of Rites·Fangji")，"Fan Yin speaker，He who touches people’s hearts。Emotionally moved，Therefore the shape is in the sound” ("Book of Rites and Music")。

Love is the basis，Not only because "bet365 voucher" is the foundation and source of the Confucian knowledge system，What’s more important，“bet365 voucher” is actually the most fundamental meaning in the world of Confucian meaning，According to Li Zehou’s “Emotional Essence” theory，"Love" is the "final meaning"。The theory of love is not the same as emotionalism or "emotionalism"，But "emphasis on bet365 voucher" based on "unity of bet365 voucher and reason"。Therefore，Confucian theory of bet365 voucher must be understood within the structure of “bet365 voucher-reason”。The "bet365 voucher-reason" structure is undoubtedly a more modern term，Actually，This structure can be reduced to the "Benevolence-Li" structure in "The Analects"，On the one hand，Confucius said that "restraining oneself and restoring propriety is benevolence" ("The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan")，Highly praise the role of "ritual"；On the other hand，Confucius once again said that "people are not benevolent，Ru Lihe？People are unkind，Ru Le He？”("The Analects of Confucius·Bayi")，Point out the fundamental status of "benevolence"。So，The "origin" of Confucian love theory，Not like the "base" of ontology or the "base" of noumenon in Western philosophy，But the "origin" of Chinese characters，Taken from "the root of the tree"。At this level，The study of the Confucian theory of love can be regarded as the self-awareness of Chinese philosophical issues。

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The first word in the Analects of Confucius is "xue"，As Qian Mu said，“Confucius focused his life on teaching，Confucius’ teachings focus on learning”。Liang Shuming pointed out in "Essentials of Chinese Culture"，“The teachings of Zhou and Confucius are not based on reason，bet365 voucher the foundation”。Therefore，Confucius’ teachings focus on the study of emotions，It can also be called "the study of temperament"，To distinguish it from the "study of mind"。

"The study of temperament" regards human emotions as the foundation of life、Source of value。The educational goal of "the study of temperament" is to cultivate a personality that values ​​"bet365 voucher" and "true temperament"，Create warm and caring interpersonal relationships，Use emotions as a bond to enhance the cohesion and centripetal force within the community，Reject all moral indifference, hypocrisy and cunning。The teaching methodology of "the study of temperament" is "push" and "move"，“Push” means pushing outwards with oneself as the center，“Shift” means putting others as the center and thinking from others’ perspective，“Push” makes it possible to continuously expand the emotional community，“Shift” makes it possible to empathize between emotional subjects，"Push" and "Move" are unanimously opposed to creating conflicts and opposition among people、Erect barriers and barriers between people。

　The educational place of “Learning of Temperament”，Family first，Because the acquisition of "love" must start from "being loved"，Family affection is a relatively easy type of emotion to generate and maintain，The most important emotional enlightenment task for parents and elders，It is to make a child believe in purity、Unconditional love is possible。Then school，The identities of teachers and classmates in schools are rather special，Although they are not relatives by blood，But they can be like relatives，The reason why the ancients created concepts such as "master" and "senior brother"，Probably also to make people believe that it is possible to be "like family members"。Finally, society，Good social atmosphere allows the continuation of earlier emotional education，Vice versa，Bad social atmosphere "corrects" the previous emotional education in the form of lessons。In the perspective of Confucian love theory，A good society is not only a well-ordered society，There is still a humane society，In this society，What you do for others always reaps rewards，All true feelings and goodwill are worthy of being cherished and respected。Confucian teachings particularly emphasize "the foundation is established and the Tao is born" ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer")、"Go down to learn and go up to achieve enlightenment" ("The Analects of Confucius·Xianwen")，Confucian “study of temperament” is also concerned with the transcendent dimension of heaven。According to the view that bet365 voucher good and the saying that "Tao begins with emotion" in "Xing Zi Ming Chu"，Mencius’ metaphysics of “Heart → Nature → Heaven” can also be presented as “Emotion → Nature → Heaven”，And because "and his [emotion] are seen outside，Then take things”，“Emotion” can reach the metaphysical heaven，Also directly communicates with physical things，Metaphysics that is different from the Western “two worlds”，Highlighting the unique style of Confucian metaphysics。

The reappearance of "bet365 voucher" is a landmark event in the development of contemporary Chinese and Western philosophy，Both Chinese and Western scholars are trying to break the traditional paradigm of "dichotomy between bet365 voucher and reason"。The Confucian "bet365 voucher theory" and "the study of temperament" are a response to the rediscovery of "bet365 voucher"。Carry out in-depth research on the Confucian "bet365 voucher theory" and "the study of temperament"，It is to promote the creative transformation of China’s excellent traditional culture、A positive attempt at innovative development。

　　(bet365 voucher article is a phased result of Renmin University of China’s 2021 “Top Innovative Talent Cultivation Funding Plan”)

(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 voucher, Renmin University of China)