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Science and Technology is the first driving force for human beings to move towards a better life。With the rapid development of science and technology，Ethical problems caused by technology are becoming more and more prominent，Scientific and technological ethics governance has become increasingly the focus of the time of the times。March 20, 2022，The State issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions")，Make a comprehensive system deployment of scientific and technological ethics governance，It marks that Chinese scientific and technological ethics governance has entered a new stage。"Opinions" point out，"Scientific and technological ethics is scientific research、Technological development and other scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities that need to follow the value concept and behavioral specifications，It is an important guarantee for promoting the healthy development of science and technology "。Scientific and technological ethical governance must involve many relationships、Concept and activity，Only in the healthy interaction of ethics and technology can we understand the essence of science and technology ethics，Only the moral issues and challenges proposed by proposed the development of scientific and technological development，Only to truly establish and improve multi -party participation、The ethical governance mechanism of co -governance，Shape the cultural concept and guarantee mechanism of science and technology。

　　Tradition and modernity of scientific and technological ethics governance

Some people simply understand the ethics of science and technology as the opposition between ethics and technology，Then the scientific and technological ethics governance is the constraint of moral norms for scientific and technological development。Indeed，Ethics and technology have inherent tension，It is these tension certificates that have become the necessity of scientific and technological ethics。First，Ethics to good，Ethics to good，between the two is not necessarily the same，Under specific conditions，The truth -seeking activities of technology will even hinder the pursuit of ethics，From the benefit of the benefit of human society to hurting human welfare。For example，With the rise of the industrial revolution and the rapid development of science and technology，Technology, especially application technology, brings more convenient and fast life to humans，It has also brought catastrophic consequences，Such as the World War、bet365 Play online games Environmental pollution、Virus spread、Anti -human rights, etc.。It can be said，It is the great development of science and technology that has proposed a major moral issue that is related to human survival and dignity，Scientific and technological ethics and its governance only came into being。Next，The nature of technology lies in being able to move and break through，Ethical essence is balance restriction，There are obvious differences in value presets between the two，The goals I pursue are not unified。Last，In terms of time dimension，Ethics is the accumulation of human civilization，It is an integration of traditional custom habits，It has a certain historicity、Traditional、Conservative，and technology, especially modern technology, is also an important part of human civilization and development motivation，But often needs to break through the previous concepts、Concept、rules and practice，So on cognitive activities、Moral Life、Great uncertainty produced in social order。

But，Seeking truth and goodness is not inevitable。To establish the correct concept of scientific and technological ethical governance，It is necessary to place scientific and technological development and ethical progress in the interactive relationship between tradition and modernization。As a "generation of generation"，Traditional ethics is indispensable for scientific and technological governance，But as Hills pointed out in "On Tradition"，"Even if a tradition win people's hearts，It will also be changed because of the environment that it changes with it.。In other words，Traditional ethics、Special characteristics must be with the modernity of technology、Commonly combined，and through creative transformation and innovative development can become the spirit of the modern times，can also become the guarantee of science and technology ethics。Scientific and technological ethics governance not only requires compatibility with cultural relativity，And must find a balance between tradition and modernity，"Modernization is the transition process of traditional society to modern society"，Therefore, the unity of technology and ethics is realized during the transition of energy.。So，Simply understand the relationship between technology and ethics from the perspective of tension，Terminate scientific and technological ethical governance as the development of traditional morality for modern technology、Restrictions and constraints of scientific research activities，Is the trap of the so -called "modern theory"，Both bias and harmful。New，Realize yourself in the invention and creation，and the real ethics is both traditional，Also keep pace with the times。So，Promoting scientific and technological ethical governance is not only the requirements for scientific bet365 best casino games and technological progress，It is also the expectation of ethical and moral innovation development，Both are important value support for my country's modernization。

　　The center and edge of scientific and technological ethics governance

Some people propose，Scientific and technological ethics governance is just to formulate a set of moral principles and specifications，All aspects of the development of science and technology are wrapped in it，To ensure that all scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities "do not exceed the moment"。But this is not only impossible，and will seriously hinder the innovative research of scientific and technological workers，Make ethics into the fantasy realm that is self -righteous。So，When advocating scientific and technological ethics governance，We must consider the relationship between the core value and edge application of scientific and technological ethics。"Center and Edge" is the theory developed in the 1960s，Widely used in economics、Sociology、Education and other fields，Its basic concept is: in the center and edge system，Central domination and leading edge，and edge dependency dependence on the center。but but，The author uses this method in another sense，To distinguish the priority emergency in scientific and technological ethics governance，It is necessary to ensure that the core principles of scientific and technological ethics are not violated，It is also necessary to reserve appropriate free space，Encourage technology workers to move innovation，Constantly develop the border of scientific and technological ethical governance。

The basic principles adhered to the science and technology ethics are to enhance human welfare、Respect the right to life、Adhere to fairness and just、Reasonable control of risks、Keep open and transparent。This is the core of today's scientific and technological ethical governance，It is also an insurmountable moral bottom line，It is the fundamental value that technology workers must internalize into conscience。Among these core values，Guarantee human security is the basis。Safety is the basic needs of human survival and development。As a human understanding of nature、The most important creative activity of transformation of nature，One of the motivation for scientific and technological progress comes from the internal needs of human beings for various security (such as deletion and infringement)。But，Technology while transforming nature and the environment，also exacerbated the unsafe of the world，It can even be said that the more developed modern technology，The more serious the global risk、The more obvious。For this，The United Nations proposed the concept of "human security" in 1994，and the human understanding of human beings from politics、Economy、Military, etc. expand to life、Health、Protection of dignity。"Opinions" also regards "reasonable control risks" as a basic ethical principle，Emphasizing "scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities should be objective evaluation and risk of uncertainty and technical application，strive to avoid、Prevention of risks that may be triggered，Preventing misuse of scientific and technological achievements、Abuse，Avoiding social security、Public safety、Biological safety and ecological safety "。

Passing the bottom line of human security does not mean that scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities can only be limited to known、Visible、Tested range。Science and technology development is an important way and means for humans to pursue a better life，Science and technology ethics to promote human well-being (Well-Being) and the realization of a better life。So，Scientific and technological ethics governance also includes encouragement and guiding science and technology workers to be unknown fields、Exploring the uncertain object，Expand humans to know the world、Grasp the edge of the world，Update the ethical attitude of understanding the world and transforming the world。During the modernization process，Scientific discovery、Technical invention promotes the improvement of productivity level，Created an unprecedented material wealth for humans，greatly improved human living standards。In this process，Traditionally non -valuable activities can be valuable，The past moral norms will also be reinterpreted by reinterpretation，Incorporate more and more marginal technical activities into the center of ethical thinking。

Science and technology development is a double -edged sword in history and reality。But the evil fruit brought by the technology invention，Most of them are issues that are created by technology inventions，Instead of using it、Application of Uncontinental、No standard、Caused by no defense center，Therefore, to deny that the ethical value of scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities is not established。Technology is an important way for human practice activities，The consequences are favorable to the well -being of human beings，Can be good or evil。So，Scientific and technological ethics governance is to strengthen the internal fit between technology and ethics，Make more and more scientific and technological activities load the value of good，Jacking in the ethical system with Marxism "free and comprehensive development" as the core。As Einstein said，"It is not enough to know how to apply science itself。Caring for people itself，It should always be the main goal of all technical struggles "。

　The lag and forward -looking of scientific and technological ethics governance

Some people use ethical theory to interpret scientific and technological ethical governance，I believe that the attributes of scientific and technological ethics are lagging rather than forward -looking。Scientific and technological ethics as a standardized application ethics，The road that follows is nothing more than three specifications of ethics，Or (Congenital、the acquired) general moral principles bet365 Play online games to judge the legitimacy of scientific and technological behavior，Or to identify its good and bad attributes based on the consequences of technology，Or the connection between scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities and human character, in turn, look at its virtue and evil。In this sense，Scientific and technological ethics has the inherent lag，Its judgment、specification、The guidance function comes from our reflection on what has happened or is about to happen。but，If you only understand the scientific and technological ethical governance as a judgment of existing activities，Then the essence and function of the ethics of science and technology。The pursuit of scientific and technological ethics governance is the unity of lag and forward -looking，Both the moral judgment of existing scientific and technological achievements，It may also provide ethical foreseeing ethical foreseeing for the future of technology。The former sets a moral boundary for science and technology activities，The latter provides value demonstration for scientific and technological progress。No ethical reflection on existing scientific and technological achievements，There is no moral norm，Ethical reflection on scientific and technological activities is not only to restrict technology，It also provides forward -looking guidance for it，to better promote scientific and technological progress and development。

The rise of the ethics of scientific and technological ethics to the importance of ethical reflection。Industrialization, especially since the 20th century，Science and technology rapid advances bring ecological disasters，Especially for the vicious applications of high -tech achievements in the two world wars, causing life to apply charcoal，directly triggered the vigorous development of scientific and technological ethics。Facing the serious consequences of scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities，Human began to make comprehensive ethical reflection，Establish and improve the ethical principles of scientific and technological activities、The moral norms of science and technology workers、The ethical boundary between technology applications and the value criticism of the value of scientific and technological power。Ethical reflection not only does not hinder scientific and technological activities，Instead, it awakens the moral consciousness of maintaining the core principles of the technology ethics of human well -being。

Technology and its application of both sides of the person is a limited existence。But human nature lies in pursuing unlimited，The desire for "formerly known" and "Prophet" will inevitably promote scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities pointed to the future。But，Human ethics is often lagging behind forward -looking，"Zhuge Liang" -style lessons afterwards are more than the wisdom of "unknown prophets"。Although technology has achieved great success，But as Engels warned，We must not be too intoxicated to the victory of nature，Because every so -called Bet365 lotto review victory is exchanged for the revenge of human beings in nature。The development of science and technology in the world today，We are for the universe、World、Material、The peak of the understanding of life is continuously surpassed。Emerging science and technology such as life cloned、Gene editing、Artificial Intelligence、Big data and other moral risks are more and more，and we can accurately foresee it, but less and less。So，Acknowledging the limited nature of human rationality，Moral risk of reflecting on scientific activities，Prospective Fartevity Avoid similar errors for re -commitment，Ethics to protect and guide new scientific and technological activities，It is a necessary prerequisite and basic content for scientific and technological ethics governance in the new era。

How can we coordinate the lag and forward -looking of scientific and technological ethics? We may be inspired by the three issues of Kant's thought -provoking. "What can I know?" "What should I do?" "What can I do?" The first question is to clarify scientific knowledge、The main and objective boundary of the development of technology，People’s cognitive ability、The material conditions provided by the times define the depth and breadth of our knowledge。Chinese traditional ethics has the spirit of "knowing not to do"，There is also an commandment of "knowing not to be absent"，You can echo it。The second question is to seek the principles and specifications of ethics for scientific Bet365 lotto review and technological activities。What we can do is not necessarily all we should do，The knowledge we can master may not necessarily be applied under the premise that the general ethical principles should be applied。So，Determine the "should" standard for scientific and technological activities、Establishing a science and technology worker's consciousness of "should"，It is an important content of scientific and technological ethics。The third question is to reflect on existing scientific and technological achievements.。"Knowledge is virtue", the ancient Greek motto is still important today，Exploring the future、For unknown breakthroughs, it not only means the improvement of human freedom，It is also related to the fate of human beings。Only exploring and reflection、In the practice of combining new and good for good，We can better control technology，Make science and technology good。As the Opinions say: "Scientific and technological activities should adhere to the people -centered development idea，It is conducive to promoting economic development、Social progress、improvement of people's livelihood and ecological environmental protection，Continuously enhance people's senses、Happiness sensation、Safety，Promoting the peaceful development of human society and sustainable development。”

　(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)