What Rummel's theory could attract Marx's attention to is that the difference between one artistic period and another lies in specific social and material constraints，These restrictions impose a certain technique and purpose on the artist。Even if it is the pursuit of religious factors，The human element in works of bet365 bonus bets has never been lost，Thus the tension between secular elements and religious imposition in Christian bet365 bonus bets can be vividly illustrated。

In Marx’s life，There are still some fragments that have not been noticed by the academic community，Or perhaps these fragments are considered insignificant in the scholarship on Marx。An article on Christian bet365 bonus bets written by Marx in 1841-1842，And the resulting set of excerpts on the history of religious bet365 bonus bets ("Bonn Notes")，is an example。In Marx’s biography and research on the young Marx，Either this article and the accompanying notes are completely absent，Or just mentioned in passing，When it comes to these notes，Usually only some of them are picked out，Other parts are actually ignored。

About "On Christian bet365 bonus bets"，As Marx said about this，The original plan was to make it a chapter of Bruno Bauer's "Criticism of Hegel's Doctrine of Religion and bet365 bonus bets from the Point of View of Faith" (hereinafter referred to as "Hegel's Doctrine")，and published in May 1842。"Hegel's Theory" is written as another book of Powell's "On Hegel"、The Doomsday Proclamation of Atheists and Anti-Christians" (hereinafter referred to as the "Doomsday Proclamation") is written as a sequel，The book was printed in November 1841。Through these two books，Powell aims to study the potentially atheistic and political revolutionary dimensions of Hegel’s philosophy。Powell believes，Pretending to be a Christian priest to write these books，is a very effective strategy，Because it seems to be attacking Hegel，Actually to provoke conflict in Prussian intellectual circles。Marx followed Powell’s narrative style，And wrote a chapter for Powell’s book，Discuss Hegel’s views on religious bet365 bonus bets。But，He also decided to publish his work as a separate article in Ruge's magazine "Essays" on March 5, 1842。Although Marx again promised Ruge that he would complete his article between March 20 and April 27, 1842，But he didn’t finish and submit it in the end。

bet365 bonus bets’s article is now lost，But bet365 bonus bets’s creative process ("Bonn Notes") has been preserved。《Bonn Notes》，Especially the first two notebooks，It helps to understand what the ultimate purpose of bet365 bonus bets’s article may be，What might be the main argument of this article，And why he didn't end up finishing and publishing it。

Marx’s article aims to intervene in the religious-cultural debate about Prussian bet365 bonus bets，His starting point is Romanticism-Christian bet365 bonus bets and its admiration of the Middle Ages。Powell gave Marx the task of portraying the pagan-Greek artistic heritage as the cultural polluter of contemporary Romantic bet365 bonus bets。He asked Marx to nostalgically restore the pre-Reformation spirit of Christian bet365 bonus bets，And claims that Hegel is the great enemy of Christian-Romantic bet365 bonus bets。To bring out this point，Marx consulted Carl Friedrich von Rumohr's Italienische Forschungen (Notebook 1)。

Marx turned to Rummel and his work on Italian bet365 bonus bets to show that，He is very aware of the contemporary cultural and artistic significance that German artists and intellectuals attach to Italy。In the 18th and 19th centuries，Italy, especially Rome，For Germans, it is a tool or carrier carrying complex meanings，Expresses the confluence of conflicting forces in culture。Rumor's "Italian Studies" was produced in the context of this debate，It traces the origins and development of Christian bet365 bonus bets from the early Middle Ages in Italy - admired by the Romantics for its religious sentiments - to the Italian Renaissance - for which it rivaled the lofty Greek examples. associated with artistic autonomy，And favored by classicists。

，As well as being interested in descriptions of the connections between Greco-Pagan and Italo-Christian bet365 bonus bets。It can be clearly seen in the notes，He pays some attention to Rummel's chapter on late medieval and early Renaissance Italian painting。For example，Giotto Secular、Outgoing and practical attitude and his ability to blend movement and emotion in his paintings，In contrast to the religiosity of Cimabue and Duccio。But this is still a minor issue，Because Marx did not explore Renaissance bet365 bonus bets further，Instead, it focuses on an earlier period。

What Rummel’s theory could attract Marx’s attention to is that the difference between one artistic period and another lies in specific social and material constraints，These restrictions impose a certain technique and purpose on the artist。Even if it is the pursuit of religious factors，The human element in works of bet365 bonus bets has never been lost，Thus the tension between secular elements and religious imposition in Christian bet365 bonus bets can be vividly illustrated。For example，Marx quoted Rummel’s “observation”，That is, the early Greco-Christian artists were “accustomed to seeing horrific physical punishments”，Therefore prefer to depict "the Savior on the cross hanging down，Lower body swelling，The knees are loose and bent to the left，The bowed head struggled in the agony of a terrible death"。In comparison，In "Ancient Italian Monuments"，“The Virgin Mary with the Child and the Crucified Man are rarely depicted”。Italians pay more attention to “body surrender”，Because they tended to give the crucified man a more comfortable place、A milder look。

What’s more important is，Marx emphasized the practical determinants in the creation of religious bet365 bonus bets。For example，He excerpted Rummer’s views，That is, the way (hand habit)、Style (the degree of compliance with artistic materials and subject matter) and specific forms of expression have their own histories，Especially in Christian bet365 bonus bets，They can be traced to non-Christian origins。However，Poor artistic quality in Christian bet365 bonus bets、Rough character painting，Both suggest that early Christian artists valued religious content over aesthetic appeal，This is probably because “they think just presenting the thoughts is enough”，Instead of fully embodying them in the artwork in a self-explanatory way。In fact，“The earliest Christians preferred the simplest images，Or more accurately，A completely unartistic designated form”。Those "spirits of the oldest (Christian) artists" were always too "narrow"，So that it cannot reach the height of bet365 bonus bets，This may be due to their "religious suppression" and "spiritual poverty and atrophy"。Completely consistent with Marx’s concern about the alienation between bet365 bonus bets and religion，Rumor thinks，In early or late stages，Despite the continued pressure from religion on bet365 bonus bets，Aesthetic ability is still flourishing，But the former does not constitute the reason for the development of the latter。

In short，Marx on Early Christianity、Excerpts from Ancient Greek and Egyptian bet365 bonus bets，Constituted the materials Marx prepared when writing his article on Christian bet365 bonus bets。However，The text material of "Bonn Notes" is not limited to these topics。The contents of the last five notebooks indicate，Marx is exploring the history of religion，Even if it is not religious bet365 bonus bets，Also further deepened his research on most of the world's ancient religions。This is where Marx first focused on fetishism and idolatry。The period when Marx became interested in fetishism may coincide with the period when he wrote his first articles for the Rheinische Zeitung。There was a debate about fetishism going on in the Prussian press at that time，While Marx was answering the question，Already have sufficient theoretical reserves in religious history and religious bet365 bonus bets。We wonder whether Marx saw a potential connection between the history of religious bet365 bonus bets and fetishism，But further study of the Bonn Notes may reveal some clues in this regard，Especially when one manages to bridge the gap between the first two and the last five Bonn Notebooks。

　(Author/Translator unit: Marxist bet365 bonus bets Theory Research Center and Department of Philosophy, Nanjing University)