Document administration is the basic administrative operation system of ancient China，It is the promulgation of relevant national policies and laws、Execution，Treatment of government affairs in all aspects，Information communication of government agencies at all levels mainly conducts a system of documentation，It is mainly formed in the Qin and Han dynasties。This period，Ancient society has realized the transformation from kingship to imperial power.，The new type of government mainly based on the county system can be formed。The change of social form and the establishment of the new government laid the foundation for the administrative system of the document。At the same time，Qin Han also has a relatively complete traffic network、Document Administrative Law、Document Transmission System, etc.。The administrative system of the document can be fully implemented during this period，Strengthening centralization、Maintaining the country's unification has played an important role。"On Heng · 别 通" cloud: "Han so can he can cure Kyushu，The power of the document also。(Han) Document Royal World。"" "The important political significance of the system，It also revealed the key role of Gongwen in system operation，The effective operation of the system is based on the writing and creation of the public essay。

Public 牍 Culture and style。Gongxuanwen refers to the ancient court of China、Cartade commonly used by the government，Including 诏、Order、Play、Shu、Tables and other types，Its writing and creation are more affected by the administrative system of the document。

Qin and Han dynasties must maintain the will of imperial power and unification through the administrative system of the document，Modern bet365 best casino games style used by document administration must be established。221 BC，Qin Shihuang completed the unification of the world，Starting to build the upper and lower -acting public system that can meet the needs of the imperial power。About downward style，According to "Historical Records · Qin Shihuang Benji"，Qin Shihuang changed "life is 'system'，Order as ‘诏’ ”。"Destiny" and "Ling" was originally a pre -Qin style，The identity of its user does not clearly specify，Emperor、Princes、Doctors and other doctors can be used。The original meaning of "system" is cut、Control meaning，​​Not a special style of style。According to "Release" Volume 6: "诏，Photo also。People don't see things secret，If there are any offenders，Show this，Make Zhaoxiang know what you can。"" "诏" except for the righteousness，More containing the monarch Shengming、It can make the meaning what they know what they do。These two types of style are dedicated to the emperor to use，Its name contains a strong cultural consciousness of the imperial power and the emperor to the sanctuary。About uplifting style，Pre -Qin period，General ministers say things to the monarch，Most called "Book of Books"，And the Qin Dynasty changed the book to the subordinates "playing"。From the shape、Words on the meaning，"Play" contains respect with your hands、The meaning of dedication in fear，There is also the meaning of the insignificant words of the ministers。This style of style is named with distinctive respect for the monarch and psychology，Reflecting the political and cultural appeal of the imperial power。

The requirements of the Han Dynasty adapting to the administrative system requirements of the document，Pay more attention to the construction of the public style and style。early Han Dynasty，Confucian Uncle Sun Tong hosted a large -scale ritual construction。"Wenxin Eagle Dragon · Ceremony" chapter cloud: "，It has four grades: bet365 Play online games one is a strategy book，Two Said Book，Three Yue Books，Four Yuejie。"Chapter Table:" Qin Chu Custom，Handing etiquette。Handing etiquette，There are four grades: a chapter，Two Play，Table 3，Fourth Say Discussion。Chapter Yinn，Play to press，Table to please，Discussion to observe。"A" important content of this ceremony system，It is based on the administrative needs of documents，Established "strategy", "system", "诏", "chapter", "table", "play", "discussion" and other upper and down cultural names and their text etiquette specifications。Since then，Gongyou style used by the court monarchs and ministers can be determined。In fact，Qin and Han dynasties are quite diverse in accordance with the administrative level and text -oriented gangsters.，Except the style of the court used，Also on the local government、Ping、downlink style，Such as the prefecture county player、Play Idra、Teaching、Newspaper, etc.。Another，There are different types of stylistic types in different administrative occasions，Ru Yubu is used for training，A book is used to report to report illegal discipline，The book is used to report on duty in the job, etc.。It can be said，Advanced to the administrative system of the document，The Qin and Han dynasties generally established the ancient male and stylistic system、Type。Later，Although the style of ancient Gongxuan is constantly enriched，Most changes，But the overall pattern is founded in the Qin and Han dynasties。

Gongxuan Wenfeng evolution。The political system is a rational design and hard regulation formed to maintain the fundamental interests of the rulers，This determines that rational administration is the basic spirit of the administrative system of the document。Based on this spirit，The subject of the administrative of the document —— Cultural officials will inevitably prevent emotion from being bet365 live casino games excessive as the basic requirements for writing and creation of public text; at the same time，The administrative system of the document is deeply influenced by the national ideology and culture。Since the Shangyang Reform，Qin Guo pursues the thought of the Frenchman，Intellectual activities and thinking of the opponent，Adhere to "One Education"，Promote practice and resist virtual resignation，Negative the role of ritual and music articles in social development，Restoring behavior of resisting literary words。The Qin Dynasty Gongwen Wenyin is more discussing the matter，Abandoning the main feelings and flashy words，The style of style is simple and unophadria，Simple and clear。For example，Qin Shihuang 26 years (1st 221) The abolition of the method of abolition of the law，Thirty -four years Li Si、Chun Yuyue's "Avassed Feudal" and "Ambassador" and other plays，All reflect this style of writing。

The rulers of the early Han Dynasty governed the country with Huang Lao's inaction，Advocate tolerance of social ideology and culture，The administrative system of the document broke the ban on the Qin Dynasty，The requirements for writing are relatively loose; at the same time，Since the end of Qin，Scholars have not fully adapted to the rule of the unified imperial power，The ideological consciousness of feudal recovery in various places prevails，In view of this kind of recovery consciousness，The ruler of the early Han Dynasty implemented the feudal system。This ideological consciousness and the feudal system determined that the nature of the "post -Warring States Period" in the society at that time，The chores and sisters are also quite vertical and horizontal。"Zhu Ziyu" Volume 137 review Jia Yiyun: "In the end there is a habit of，Yuan's roots are just from the Warring States Period。"" "" This kind of habit of the early Han Dynasty。The above factors determine the situation in the early bet365 best casino games Han Dynasty，Politics，The style of writing is smooth，Quite wind and wind，This in Jia Yi's "Chen Zhengshi Shu"、晁 晁。

Emperor Hanwu，Civil officials from the grassroots level gradually become the leading force created by the court，Simple and clear Wen style，Shen Shiping，New weather in the Han Dynasty Gongwen。Gongsun Hong's "Xianliang Literature Countermeasure" is a typical style of this style。The particularly worth noting is，Wu Di period，The Han Dynasty established the ideological and ideological form of Confucianism，The administrative system of the document naturally takes this ideological and ideological as a fundamental requirement，Gong Xunwen also has a set of dominant narrative regulations and logic，that is, their writing and creation are mostly based on Confucianism、Expand the reason。This has led to the general presentation of Gongwen represented by the play and sparse.、Elegant style，Ordering the Qin Dynasty Ling Junxiong's style，It also contains a gentle style。Of course，Emperor Yuan and its future period，With the prevalence of Chong Confucianism and the gradual formation of the Scripture system，The subject of the official as the administration of the document is becoming more Confucianized，Gong Xunwen while maintaining the characteristics of rationality，It also appears to be relative to the conciseness and style。

Gongxuan Literature Literature。Writing and creation of Gongxuan text is the orderly administrative system、Prerequisite for effective operation。This system determines that the selection of Qin and Han people must have a clear feature with the characteristics of the text。Sleeping Tiger Qin Tomb Bamboo Slip "Eighteen of Qin Law · History Miscellaneous" cloud: "，No dare to follow history。"" This shows that "Book of Books" has become an important criterion for Qin Shi selection。According to "Hanshu · Wen Di"，165 BC，Emperor Wen Xiaoyu Select Xianliang Bet365 app download Literature，"Moly Detective，Fu Na said "。This selection establishes the way of countermeasures，Open the first way to get people。to Emperor Wudi，Countermeasures have become the customization of virtuous science。Later，The knowledge literacy of identifying talents、Political ability，Other subjects also gradually adopt countermeasures，If the first year of the first Yuan (47 years ago)，Xiucaike implemented a countermeasure system，In the second year of Yongshi (BC)，Tun Puke also adopted this system。until the Eastern Han Dynasty，Xiaolian、Zhixiao、Youdao and other inspections can be tried to try.。Scholars' countermeasures based on the emperor's policy can be listed alone，But in terms of physical nature, the gangsters such as "chapter" and "play"。In the first year of Yang Jia (132)，Shangshu Ling Zuo Xiong's innovation inspection，Implement "Zhu Shengtong Chapter，Persons can play，Nai You Shun Choose "(" Hou Han Book · Shun Emperor Ji ")。This shows that the ability of Gongxuan's writing has become the main factor affecting the entry of scholars and officials。The formation of this selection rules is derived from the fundamental demand of the administrative system of the document。

Qin and Han Dynasties，The government has a large number of public resources，Most of the Gongxuan Cultural Standards、template。According to Chen Wei's "Lie Qin Simplified School Interpretation"，Jane 8-235 Cloud: "For the Eleven。"" 牒 is the book of Jane，It is said that it is an eleven paradigm of public documents。Jane 8-94 Cloud: "Qunzhi has a Chinese。"" Qunzhi style "is the format of different official documents on various administrative affairs。At the same time，Civil officials are familiar with the type of public、Format、Ceremony of Rites, etc.，is the main body written by Gongxuan。This determines that if the scholar wants to have public writing ability and literacy，Must go to bet365 Play online games the government to serve as a certain official，Taking the official as the teacher，Learning Writing Public Essay。After the office of the clerk reaches a certain period of time，The assessment is also based on the ability of Gongyu to write as the main basis，Related valve Reading Jane is like EPT50 · 10、14, etc., "Book Accounting，Governance of officials，Know the Law and Order "Comment，It proves this point。It can be said，It is the long -term public essay training at the grassroots level、Based on practice，The court civilians have superb play、Discussion、Table、Zhang and other public essay writing ability，Han Dynasty prose can achieve brilliant achievements。

　Bet365 app download