Changes in the Tang Dynasty color service and ancient Chinese service system
08:36, August 02, 2022 Source: "China Social Sciences", August 2, 2022, Issue 2461 Author: Wu Shuguo

Tang Dynasty color service refers to the government's assignment of people to serve the administrative or affairs department,Saturn to undertake a form of service or ministry。It developed until the Song Dynasty and evolved into a service,and by Yuan、Ming、Qing Insurance Institute。Overall,Before the ancient Chinese service system、Later dividends in the Tang Dynasty。Qin Han、The Wei and Jin System System,In the late Tang Dynasty system, the five generations were opened、Pioneer of the two Song Dynasty and even the Ming and Qing dynasties。In the change of this system,Tang Dynasty color service is particularly critical。Lift of its status、Taxidization and the integration of structure,Not only shaped the brand new face of the Song Dynasty system,It has also established the basic pattern of the ancient Chinese late service system。

Promoting the change of the main service。The ancient Chinese service system used the Tang Dynasty as a change node,Generally presents a change from Liqi and military service as the main service -oriented service,and the Tang Dynasty color service is an important factor that contributed to the change of the main service。

The early Tang Dynasty color service has gradually risen,Starting the status of the main service of the eclipse and the main service of military service。The Tang Dynasty service system inherited the 徭 徭、戍 Tradition,The law clearly stipulates that Ding Qi is the right service,The annual service period is 20 days,Miscellaneous 徭 as the legal content of the Tang Dynasty's service。At the same time, emphasize "no service to the military",Zhengfa Mansion's guards undertake military service。Compared with it,There is no color service position in the duty law order,It is ranked among the positions attached to the official。But the people can avoid rent for color service、Forces and military service,This makes the color service become a shelter。With the continuous expansion of the crowd of color service,Tang Xuanzong's "color service pseudo" bet365 Play online games became a social problem,Color service is also included in the field of vision。"Tang Liu Dian" also reduced the samples of the Si Si after the mix,Explain that color service has impacted the status of force and military service。

Because many people are involved in color service,Caused by Ding Dan Dan Dana,and the number of people who can serve and the number of troops decreases accordingly,Plus the fugitive of the household,The final force and military service are in crisis。For this,The Tang Dynasty initially adopted the dispatch of households to strengthen the governance,For example, Pai Yuwen Rong's "Inspections and Pseudo -Puppets" and resident escape。But this measure cannot fundamentally get rid of the crisis,In the end, I have to turn to fiscal reform,That is the comprehensive taxation and employment of the promotion of service。Forces and military service are hired in a legal form,Prepare conditions for the rising color service as the main battle。But what you need to pay attention to is,Color service is also taxized at the same time。Because the color service belongs to a composite service,Have many service,Therefore, the form of capital courses is more complicated than Li Li。During the taxation process,Some color service is completely separated from service,Like Li Jiannan, it becomes simply simply tax。But some color service is clear,It is indispensable in administrative operation,So you can only adopt long -term active duty and Mingzi or NATO forming form。That is, or the person who becomes taxed or the number of courses for taxation,Or becomes a dedicated service person,Extend the time during the service period to serve and receive employment for people。Therefore, there are still some active service after the color service is taxed,This left space for the existence of the future in the legal sense。

Anshi Rebellion, especially after two taxes,Color service has evolved into the color service of Zhushi and the county color service,and become the usual term for the late Tang Dynasty,Zhao shows the establishment of the status of the main service of the color service。After the naming Nana,The central government has lost its legal status,"Leasing Mrs. Leasing and Miscellaneous" in Bet365 lotto review the two tax law means that the local power convention is also illegal。However, state and counties in the late Tang Dynasty often illegally delegate,As a result, the "follow -up" and other forces still exist in fact。But miscellaneous 徭 is a list of reduction after all,Therefore, it is often included in the name of the color service,"Miscellaneous Satime", "Division of Section" or "Fu and County Color Satime" and many other phenomenon of "mutual interoperability" phenomenon also reflects this。

In the late Tang Dynasty, the color service of the Central Committee and the local government of the county were facing the fifth generation、Song shows a new face when the Song Dynasty。The color service of the central government is gradually becoming official,Gradually replaced by "the officials of the princes",And the local government and county color service will go out of the state of color and miscellaneous wrap,Finally, the binary pattern of the Song Dynasty commission and force。In the Song Dynasty Battle Law,Works have become the main type,The pattern of its service system was continued by the dynasty after the Yuan Dynasty,Forms the era of work in the later period of ancient Chinese society。However, if it is investigated the dungeon of its main service,,Open、In the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty color service was really a major hub。

Layout the taxation path for service。The ancient Chinese service system has been transformed from the capital of the capital to the tax exemption.。Among them, color service is at the forefront of taxation,It touches the effortless service,and when it is rising into the main service species,The development path of the taxation of seminars。

Na -capital service is quite common in the early days of ancient Chinese society。Qin and Han dynasties will have the nature of the money,In the Western Han Dynasty Emperor, "Use its capital to hire Yong",Explain that Yongsheng, as a force, has an example in the Han Dynasty。Tang Ding、Ding Ding and the Cheng Zhi and the Northern Dynasties and the craftsman,Zeng Na Capital。But all of the above -mentioned serves were produced in the derived session,Adaptation belonging to the form of service,and need to compensate for service,or used for employment,Bet365 app download or the operation of the maintenance。Therefore, essentially it belongs to the gold,Not tax。But in the Tang Dynasty, the capital changed qualitatively,Tang Changzhang said: "As far as the entire service system is concerned,The Tang Dynasty compared to a different point in the past,is the generalization of capital。"The generalization of the generalization of the capital of the Tang Dynasty is no longer the money of the agency,but the exemption tax。At this time, because of the financial reinforcement,,Exemption tax has been separated from compensation for specific service,The fees for employment are from the overall fiscal expenditure,The characteristics of the integrated fiscal revenue and expenditure of the active duty were changed,Therefore, the exemption tax is reflected as the tax state of service as a fiscal income。

During the taxation of the early Tang Dynasty,Color service is the most aggressive。If it is anti -fit、Supreme Solitaire and other central institutions,As a bureaucracy, it has already become a tax exemption。Better、Bai Zhi、Troubleshooting and other local color service has gradually tended to "give up classes",Become a simple tax。This trend affects other color service,In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (735), "Yinna Class,Public and private ",Color service moves to comprehensive taxation。Taxation of color service for military service、Forces also play a traction function。After the 24th year of Kaiyuan Li Linfu, Li Linfu promoted the chief's desire,Forces turn to generally Nannong; the 25th year of the Kaiyuan is generally implemented for recruitment,"State and county no conquest for the result"。

I have mentioned it before,Color service belongs to the administrative or affairs department of the government government,Even after taxization,Still need to bear the person to bear,Maintain the management mode of long -term service,This enables the form of active service to retain。The result will not only be derived from the old system of the old system,and decreased layer by layer with the central government's financial employment capacity,Local will restore some color service due to insufficient fiscal ability。At the same time, local grass -roots organizations bet365 best casino games are also used to directly signing for color service。So color service is opening、During the taxization of the day, it did not disappear,Instead, it is recovered under the special political environment and fiscal system in the late Tang Dynasty,It even derived a new color service。

The taxation path of the Tang Dynasty color service has also been repeated after the Song Dynasty,If Wang Anshi Reforms the Reform of the Reform of the Division to be re -assigned at the grassroots level,After the reform of a whip method,Also "Outside,There are whip outside the whip ",This shows that the old service is always unable to cut it completely,and the new service re -growing,Formation of tax、Regeneration、Re -tax "accumulation"。Therefore, the taxation path opened in the later stages of ancient Chinese society,It has been established since the Tang Dynasty color service。

Promoting the reorganization of the structural structure。The various types of service in the ancient Chinese service system usually cross the combination of each other,Form a specific service structure。In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, due to the prominent color service,As a result, the main service species appears to change,also caused the service system to move down the place,These changes also promoted the reorganization of the structural structure。

The early Tang Dynasty system includes the central service、Local Miscellaneous and Military Battle,This is the continuation of the "soldier" service structure in the early days of ancient Chinese society。Qin and Han Dynasty soldiers 徭 徭,Men who is both serving for both service,Also take military service。Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties Time and Military Service Two -track,It started with the division of orthodox and miscellaneous,Different military service becomes a household registration、The Soldiers System of Bingmin Separation。Although there is a distance from professional soldiers and "service",But the characteristics of "Supreme Crimine" reflect the inertia of combination of troops。It can be seen that the central government's "Royal Symptoms"、The main service is always the main body of the "soldier" service,Behind it is the original tribute "below" and "for the emperor" Bet365 app download system。and the disaster as an administrative agency or official、Officials、Serving officials、Miscellaneous,also includes color service,All in the subordinate position。

With Tang Kai、On the occasion of the sky, the general service and the government system become a recruitment system,The original "Soldier" service structure gradually changed to the "different service" structure,Expressing the status of the color service is prominent,Attenuation of the status of force and military service。The structure of the "Division" system no longer emphasizes the "for the Son of the Emperor" central obligations,And focus on the actual local collection。Due to the effort and military service, they are hired,Therefore, the legal commission in the late Tang Dynasty is only colorful,or "Division of Color Services"。At the same time, there are fixed positions and rated durations due to color service,Therefore, it can be understood as a positive rated difference,Therefore, it is different from "miscellaneous service" such as miscellaneous "miscellaneous"。In the "poor service" service structure in the late Tang Dynasty,Color service has a legal status,Both fixed service,Therefore, it becomes the main body of the service system。At the same time, color service continues to absorb other service categories,If the special service households fixed after the individual service,and from the "official duty" to the rural battle, the head of the house, the head of the household,Therefore, a new color service form,Expand the connotation of color battles。

The structure of the "poor service" system in the late Tang Dynasty was inherited by the Song Dynasty from the Song Dynasty,The fixed difference and the miscellaneous difference are always macro classifications of service system,Only the main body of the service system has changed from color service to work。Works include the rural service and the state and county vocational service,Due to township duties to act as a specific management role in poor service,Therefore, in the late China in the late period of China, it has a core position in the structure of the service system。The concept of Ma Duan's commission is born in the rural service,Lilg in the Ming Dynasty Bet365 lotto review vocational duty is even known as "orthodox" all reflect this。

In short,Taking the Tang Dynasty as the watershed,Dang Xuanzong Kai、When the sky is the node,Ancient Chinese System Presence、The era of the era of military service and service。The Tang Dynasty color service played an important role in this change。It not only promotes the main service of the main active in the later period of ancient Chinese society、Migration of military service for duty,Lile the path of taxation,It has also promoted the reorganization of the structure structure。If you relax your research field, you can also find it,The process of changing the ancient Chinese service system is also matched with the social and economic changes of the Tang and Song dynasties and the front and end of ancient Chinese society.,This shows that the Tang Dynasty color service has deeper linkage meaning。

  bet365 best casino games

Editor in charge: Zhang Jing
QR code icon 2.jpg
Key recommendation
The latest article
Graphics
bet365 live casino games

Friendship link: The official website of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |

Website filing number: Jinggong.com Anmi 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology:

All rights reserved by China Social Sciences Magazine shall not be reprinted and used without permission

General Editor Email: zzszbj@126.com This website contact information: 010-85886809 Address: 11-12, Building 1, Building 1, No. 15, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing: 100026