The ancients regarded caution as the external manifestation of good moral cultivation，It is one of the three behaviors of "Gentleman's not." Wang Anshi: "Wang Wen's Graise Collection · Miscellaneous · Ritual and Music Theory")。At the same time，Think of caution is an important way to develop good moral cultivation。"Yan Jin can respect its virtue。"(Hu Hong:" Hu Hongji · Knowing Words · Wang Wen ")" Being out of mind is dishonest，Only if you have the heart, you are sincere。"" (Zhan Ruoshui: "Mr. Zhan Ganquan's Collection · Xinquan Questions") Words are voice，I am not only the external expression of the inner sincerity，And the active restraint of the impetuousness of the heart。Specifically，Careful saying includes three requirements。

　　bet365 Play online games First, talk less。"Life Ring Multiple Word。"(Zhu Bailu:" Mr. Zhu Bailu Rule of Family Model ") Less saying is not to say，Instead of saying that those who are not sure and worthless，Especially the path news of Dao Listening，Because of its "but the words of the road，Non -tasking lying "，And "more virtual and less real" (Chen Zu: "Chen Zujie · Best Collection · Don't Talk"。On the continuous spread of communication chain，Not only the authenticity and reliability of these messages is difficult to guarantee，and may also cause damage to others，Cause losses to society。The ancients believed that spreading the news of the trail is a manifestation of impetuous exposure，Not good for Chengde，Therefore, he hates it deeply。"Tao Listening and Tu Say，Discard of De also。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Yang ") Song people Ye Mengde educated his son's words" every thought，without credibility "" "Everyone for admonition，without light pass "(" Shilin Family Training ")，Needless to trust，You must not spread randomly。Related to it，The ancients emphasized "the gentleman's words，Believers and signs "(" Zuo Zhuan · Zhaogong Eight Years ")，If you speak out, you must be based on。Followed by slowly。If you really need to speak，Don't rush to export。Confucius said: "The gentleman wants to be alive and alive。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Liren ")" Benevolence，Its words are also 讱。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Yan Yuan ")、讱，All point out that the speech is slow。​​Slowness does not make people deliberately vomiting，concealment，Instead of emphasizing caution。Slowly as a appearance，It is a deliberate constraint on the impulse you want to express immediately，"The words are tolerated but not easy to send" (Zhu Xi: "Four Books Collection Note · Analects Collection Notes")。The purpose is to keep a time for thinking and judgment。"Want to say a word，Must think about it before。"" (Shi Chengjin: "Hedu Treasure · Know the World") This thinking process is very necessary，It not only helps people maintain the reasonableness of words，and will also avoid possible risks。Related to this，The ancients advocated that they should avoid words when emotional stirring，Especially "Gentleman of the Chime，A person with joy "(Dong Zhongshu:" Spring and Autumn Fanlu · Bamboo Forest Third ")，Should pay more attention to this。Because in this situation，The strong stimulus of great joy or anger will make people think or not to think about it，Undead with words，"There is a lot of dishonesty in the words of the happy time，Angry words when you are angry "(Chen Jiru:" Anton Elderly Word ")。

　　Second, reflect the value of speech.First，Words must have quality。"Madam doesn't say，There must be a Chinese。"(" Analects of Confucius · Advanced ")，Grasp the key;，Undefilities。"Everyone must have something to do，No sudden，No clueless，No cluttered，There must be no head and no tail。"" (Li Yan: "Hugu Ji Ji · Fuping Words") For this，It is necessary to put on hold on the part of the doubt，Carefully explain the confident part，"Multi -smelling doubt，Speaking of it with caution "(" The Analects of Confucius and Political ")。Next，Words must be in size。"The gentleman's mouth has no teasing words，This is the case。"" (Xu Qian: "China Theory · Law Elephant Second") The gentleman's words are decent，If you do n’t say light or cross -border。This is the case，Even if you are close to your wife and concubine, you are "unable to get"，When you are close to your friends, you are "unnecessary"。The ancients praised this as a correct manifestation，I believe that this behavior can drive and educate the family、A good atmosphere in the towns。Jia Yi thinks，Appropriate words can be described as the essential literacy of wise wisdom。"Words and Wallets，Zhi Yu Zhi Table also，The difference between the virtuousness is also。"" ("New Book · Dazheng Shang") The conspirator Xu You during the Three Kingdoms period was self -contributed、Repeated madness and being killed。He does not consider the complexity of the situation and object，Error judgment situation，It is the manifestation of the fool; at the same time，Greeds on the name of merit because of merit，And no sage。Mencius said: "People are easy to say，No blame ears。"(" Mencius · Li Lou Shang ") speak casually，Can't enter Germany，Even if it is blame, it is not worth doing。again，Words must fit the timing。Mozi's student Zizen once asked him: "Multi -words are good?" Mozi replied: "Shrimp frog fly，Day and Night Hengming。Dry tongue，But don’t listen。Today's Morning Chicken，Nighting at night，Vibration of the World。How can you say more? Only when it is said。"(" Mozi Bumano · Mozi ") Inad in the pond、Frog day and night tweet，dry tongue dry，But no one cares。Different roosters，Cry only in dawn，People get up after hearing it。This description，Not just talking，Only words that fits the timing，Only pay attention to、Respect and welcome。Otherwise，Ning Mo Insuspect，It is better to say more，"Multi -words but improper，Not as good as its widow "(" Tuzi · Ring ")。

　　Third, highlight the principle of beauty."The husband's words and deeds lies in beauty，Not in many。A beautiful words，and the world from it，Or seeing a malicious scandal and all the people。"(桓:" New Theory · Words ") The beauty of the language at least has two performances。First，Tudes of words and deeds。"Voice，The body must do "(" Mozi Bao · Gong Meng ") is an inevitable requirement for speech integrity，It is also an important manifestation of the beauty of words。"There is a word，，A gentleman shame。"(" Book of Rites Collection · Miscellaneous ") For words to be exported，It must be fully considered the possibility of its implementation，Whether the content of the words can be transformed into action，What is the degree of transformation? Since words are compared with action，"Insufficient"，Easy to say "(Dai Zhen:" Meyong Remarks ")，Therefore，Ancient people to avoid dishonesty due to the inconsistency of words and deeds，​​On the one hand, the advocacy of "light words"，Such as promised，Establishing goals unrealisticly。"The ancients don't say，Shamelessness。"" ("The Analects of Confucius · Liren") On the other hand, it is opposed to bragging from actualifying from actuality because of vanity。"No words in their words，It is difficult for it。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Constitutional Question ") The words must be realistic。Next，Beauty of Adults。"No responsible person is too small，No Yin Yin，Non -reader Old Evil "，Not only can it be far -reaching，"More able to raise virtues" (Hong Yingming: "Cai Gen Tan")。How to treat others' fault、Insurance or even privacy，It is an important indicator of a person's moral quality。A positive way is to understand tolerance and put forward constructive opinions under the premise of goodwill，To help them correct and improve。The negative method is a disaster，Sarral review，diffuse everywhere。The latter move obviously with the "beauty of gentleman adults，The value orientation of not adults "(" The Analects of Confucius · Yan Yuan ") is seriously contrary to，and may become some people's public opinion strategies that some people suppress and exclude others，Breeding and encouraging interpersonal maliciousness while defeating vulgarity。So，The ancients opposed this way of words。Ma Aid has specifically wrote a warning to warn the nephew，"Good discussion on the length of the people，Dharma is right and wrong，This is also the evil that I am also，I would rather die if I don't want to hear my children and grandchildren. "，Fan Ye: "The Book of Han Books and Malaysia")。Sheep 祜 requires the children to "smell the person，Ear can be received，Not to be announced "(" The Book of the Command "，Ouyang Xun: "Arts and Cultivation" Volume 23)。Stand at the same time，Even if it is necessary to evaluate someone behind the back，So these words "You must also speak in person" (Shi Chengjin: "Heritage Treasure · Know the World")，To ensure that words are in line with reality，without subjective distortion。

　(Author Unit: Oriental Ethics Research Institute of Beijing Youth Political College)