René EtiembLE is an outstanding literary scholar in the 20th century，It is also one of the few Oriental scholars who are involved in middle schools and Western studies、Sinologator。He wrote a series of works on world literature，Among them, "Is the Concept of World Literature" an article，As one of the earliest masterpieces of world literature theory in the era of globalization，It was recorded by David Demorh to "Reading of World Literature Theory"。In this article，He explicitly proposed that "the concept of world literature proposed by Goethe has been applied too much in European literary relations，It should be re -constructed on the basis of the world "。It can be said，Frequent life，Aita Bo is a real advocate and practitioner of real world literature。Maybe his world literature concept is not without "utopia" color，But reconstruct world literature on the basis of global，It has become an important direction for the construction of world literature。The particularly worth noting is，The "LES Invariants" theory proposed in the theory of world literature theory of Aita Bo，Just based on his profound accomplishment based on his deep accomplishment。

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Chinese readers' first contact with Aita Bo's "Far variable" theory，It is in 1992 "The Way of Comparison Literature: Selected Works of Aita bet365 best casino games Bowen"。This book translates the representative papers of Aita's comparative literature and world literature，Especially articles related to China。Mrs. Aita mentioned the theory of "Fine Variables" in the preface。"He designed a theory about‘ Ninition ’。Among them, the involved in the involved in the invited variable，It is a variety of forms of literature，Especially the literature in verbal form。"" Various forms of literature "and" verbal form of literature "here，Specific referring to not clear。To understand the specific connotation of "Ninning"，It also needs to be traced back to his representative book "It's not a reason"，In this book，Aita Bo proposed for the first time and explained the theory。

"Not the reason" was published in 1963，Among them, the word "uninvited variable" is mentioned at least three times，and explained its connotation in detail。Aita Bo criticized the French school at that time to be limited to the facts of facts.，​​So obviously there are some forms inherent in literature、Category、Uninvited，In short，As long as someone，There is literature。"Aita thinks different historical periods、Literature between different ethnic groups can explain each other、Confirmation，It is because of their form、There are some commonality between the texts，It is also the essential characteristics of literature。Then，He further explained in a summary way: "As long as someone，There is literature "，Impressing a certain inner connection between "Ninning" and "People"bet365 live casino games 。but，In this statement，"Uninvited" as a word with "form" and "text"，I did not let readers clearly understand what they referred to， The relationship between "uninvited" and "people" has not been further explained。We need to examine his second expression in this book，in order to better understand its "non -variable" theory。

　　"No variable" in the literature

Aita Bo when discussing the universal structure of literary works，It once mentioned "Disables" again: "Why is the form of excellent novels created by Chinese novelists like the 18th century novels in the West?，Perhaps it can reveal the invariance of the text of the novel; on the other hand, you can also recognize the historical accidents of the novel formed，They are often random。"Although Aita did not say what the novel" uninvited "that exists in different time and air，We can't know what kind of common features he found in Chinese classical novels and Western 18th century novels，But this statement has made us understand more clearly what the novel is "unable variable": the commonality of all novels in the world，This common character constitutes the essence of novels。If the "non -variable" here is limited to the nature of novels，So the ending part of the "less reason" in its discussion，A more comprehensive interpretation of this theory。

Aita Bo's third important exposition on the theory of "Variable Variable" is mainly concentrated in the "From Literature to Comparison Poetry" part of the book "It is not a reason"。Aida proposed a comparison method that bet365 Play online games combines historical investigations with aesthetic thinking。Le Daiyun in the article "The History of Literature"，I think the proposal of this method is his "most outstanding contribution"。Actually，Aita's thinking about comparative literature does not only stay in the harmonious research and affect the study peaceful research、A dispute between the French school and the American school，His thinking is more deeper，The vision is longer for a long time，target directly point to overall literature，and "Uncosty" is the key to this ideal literary world。He pointed out: "The two methods of historical inspection and aesthetic thinking seem to be hostile，Actually complement each other，If you can combine them，Comparison literature will eventually move towards comparative poetics。This poetic is not interpreted from the form of the upper shape，Instead, it is summarized from specific and micro research: historical evolution of text categories、The essence of various forms presented in each text in different civilizations。This aesthetic is not a dogmaticist，It is beneficial。We know that great works are always refreshing。This can be seen，Although we are keen on this trial beauty，and this aesthetics is summarized by studying the history of literary categories，But we are not going to force these aesthetics to people。However, why don't we try to build a non -variable system? These are not variables that are obtained by carefully screening，It will help the current literature to get rid of disorder、Bet365 app download Puzzle、Ugly，Now literature does not lose yourself，Also practicing yourself。"Although Aita still does not clearly gives the definition of" non -variable "，But this discussion is enough to indicate what is "non -variable"。From the perspective of ontology，"Uninvited" is the essence of literature，It is a plural set，The laws and essential characteristics of literature。It is also a system composed of various constants、A mechanism、The inherent motivation of external activities of literature; from the perspective of methodology，"Uncosty" is summarized through specific and micro comparative poetic research; from the functional point of view，"Ninjin" is the standard for measuring literature as literature、The reason why a text class is the scale of a certain text，It is also a indicator lamp that is also known for literature。So far，We can basically have a more accurate grasp of Aita's "different variables" theory。

　"Literature is human learning"

When Chinese readers return to his first discussion，There will be a very interesting discovery。We can be in the first two "Disar variables" discussions of Aita Bo，Discover the constructive significance of Chinese literature on its "non -variable" theory。For the first time proposed "Ninning"，It is because he teaches early European romantic literature at the University of Paris，All of them quoted Chinese poets from the 1st century to the 12th century BC，Discovery "Disar variable" in European literature and Chinese classical literature。The second bet365 live casino games mention of "Diminous"，3956_3979、Tips、Pen's tone，that appeared in the same period as China、Novels that are not affected by the West are amazingly similar "。More interesting is，Aita Bo first discussed "Far Variable"，I proposed "as long as someone，There is literature "the proposition"，This coincides with the "literature of Qian Gurong" we know well.。It can be said，This is also a literary "uninvited variable" in a certain sense: in the same period (Aita Bo's "Not the reason" was published in 1963，Mr. Qian Gurong proposed that this proposition was in 1957)，Two Chinese and French people who have never met with a face，But has a common cognition of the nature of literature。

Aita Bo used the new concept of "uninvited variable"，Exploring the general law of world literature，strongly criticized Western comparative literature that has fallen into European centralism，Reading the "comparison" reason for this discipline: because human literature "does not variable"，"Comparison is the reason"。It can be said，Chinese Literature as an important、Different "Others"，It is of great significance to build its "non -variable" theory for Aita Bo。and Aita's "Uncosty" theory，Entering Western literary theory discourse in Western literature with an equal attitude of Chinese literature obviously has a positive effect，The complexity of reflection of Chinese literature and world literature also has a realistic enlightenment meaning。

　(Author Unit: Academy of Foreign Languages ​​of Suzhou University)