Foucault's thinking about truth is closely related to his research on "human history"，It is his prudent answer to the ancient Socrates question in the current survival situation of modern people。From the distrust of the concept of traditional truth、Criticism of the syndrome science of "knowledge -power"，Archaeological in the connotation of "true" to the ancient Greece -Rome、Re -explaining the ethical practice of "telling the truth"，Foucault's attitude towards truth has gone through a change from deconstruction to constructing。In this process，Foucault attempts to expose the modern society system that is maintained by the "Truth of Truth" by the Enlightenment Tradition.、Strict governance。At the same time，He also actively rebuild the ethical orientation of the "truth" category in his later thoughts，Exploring and resisting governance、Purchase the possible path of "freedom of people"，This is his exploration of "telling the truth"。This exploration provides modern people with a choice of "current survival dilemma" and "how people live"、A Ford -style answer from a Socrates question。

Modern people's understanding of "truth"，To a large extent dependence on the conceptual steering opened by Cartesian。This concept of truth believes that truth is rooted in human rational understanding，Based on the basic belief (I think) as the base，Through rational derivation, the non -basic belief above the "I think" is confirmed，to build a truth knowledge system。other，This truthful view is very enlightened，It advocates that the truth should not be related to power，Truth is humans from getting rid of immature state、The only way to get liberation。Philosophers often give this a noble outlook，that is, it originated from Bet365 lotto review Plato philosophy，Middle Ages，Da to Hyundai，"Know yourself"This ancient Delphi deities are clues，Create continuous、General History。

Foucault has a strong doubt about this。One aspect，He believes that the view of the truth that Descartes descends has limited the truth in "Cognition、Knowledge (Connaissance) "is biased，Foucault does not agree with the understanding of modern people to obtain truth，It is believed that understanding itself becomes the beginning of the truth.，It is also the starting point of the ethical orientation of the true ethics。In ancient，People must give abstinence、Bitter repair and other real subject costs，that is, forging itself through "Spirituality"，instead of a simple recognition behavior，can reach the truth。On the other hand，Foucault also opposes the objective neutral，Because its origin is not as bright and lofty as praised by the Enlightenment thinkers。On the contrary，Its appearance is full of 居。It is not helping us get rid of power struggle、Get free things。On the contrary，Knowledge is the same conspiracy of power，Always defend the power of truth，and the operation of power needs to continue to create truth。Foucault early madness、Criminal、The research of the population is actually describing the governance history of "truth production" in modern society，The premise of this "truth production" is the premise of the "interpretation" method used by modern people when dealing with the relationship between the subject and truth，It is never satisfied with the desire to seek truth。

In "Crazy and Civilization"，Foucault examined how "PISION) gave birth to" psychiatry "as the legitimacy basis for its own operation、"Psychiatry" how to use power to establish "crazy" as a history of cognitive objects。He is intended to expose how the "psychiatric science" is used to establish the "normal" standard，and reject it with this、The ruling of the "crazy" bet365 live casino games group that was originally on the edge of power。In "Training and Punishment"，Foucault describes how "criminal science" helps "rules and training power".，"Discipline" anchor the process of the physical point of "criminal" for "criminal science"。In order to dominate the society in depth，Grand kingship often does not follow the heart，and the training power of the rules can be grasped at the micro level to make more uncertainty to make up for the place where the kingship cannot touch，That is to control all the details of the prisoner to prevent the occurrence of criminal acts -understand his performance、mental condition、Moral attitude, etc.。And these are the "knowledge" of "criminal science"，The collusion between the rules and the collusion between the training power and the crime created the tame and the body。Foucault aims to explain that the reform of the punishment system is not human -friendly，On the contrary, it is violent，Knowledge -Power strengthened control of criminals。In "Safety、Territory and Population，Foucault explores how "life power" and "population science" cooperate with each other，Realized the "conquest of living people"，Created the history of the "freedom and democracy" social pirates in the West。In order to realize the control of the group，Power shaped itself into the life power of "supporting life"，Through prediction、Adjust the birth rate of the public、mortality、Life、"physiological constant" and other "physiological constants" to achieve overall balance and stability。Foucault criticizes that modern people will regard science and other sciences as new religions such as new religion，At the same time, the cruel logic paradox of the "proliferation and killing" that is acquiescent。

If we take the time of the above discipline，will find that they all appear around the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century，That is, the birth period of bet365 live casino games "Science of Man" in Foucault，This is by no means coincidence。This is because of the "interpretation" method of the Descartes -style relationship between the relationship between the truth and the subject of the subject.，"Confession)" confessed loudly and clearly about the truth about yourself "became the main way for people to create their own truth，People have become a scientific perspective to be interpreted、The objective object of the decipher，Power must persecute the "truth" from him。These so -called truth collusion with specific technologies，Tools that become humans understand themselves。Knowledge -Power By the Excalities of "Seeking to Knowing"，Follow "the more you know the more safer，The more knowing the more certain "governance logic，Singing all the way up all the way，Harvest everyone as a dominant object。Instead of the appearance of these disciplines is the progress of knowledge，It is better to say that it is for the maintenance of social security，Persistent with the relationship with power to make people increasingly liberate people。In other words，We are forced by power to force production truth，Because of its smooth operation, it requires the lubrication of truth，Power constantly ask us questions、Investigation、Record，Make the exploration of truth constantly institutionalization、Professionalization。More cruel is，We are willing to accept this kind of truth game，Knowledge -The truth system formed by power forms the basic follow of the operation of modern society。

But，Foucco's inspection through word source，It is found that the connotation of "true" (alêtheia) during the ancient Greece -Rome period is not limited to recognition: "truth" is not hidden; "true" is a kind of essence，Compared with shadows; "True" is straight、Do not bend; "True" is self -maintained。In short，The "true" of the ancients refers to the behavior that is involved、The ethical level of the line，Is a kind of "strength truth"bet365 Play online games 。This "truth" pursues "the subjectification of truth"，Internalization of truthful discourse、embedded yourself，Become the Powerful Truth Guidance Practice in the hand，Then change the way of human survival、perfect character，Realize human self -style aesthetic process。This is the ethical practice of Foucault's "blunt" that is, "Parrhêsia" (Parrhêsia)。Although the presentation form is "Real Logis"，But "telling the truth" is a kind of "spiritualization of knowledge"，You need to pay "ascétique"，The purpose is "Caring for yourself"、Realize self -freedom and aesthetics。

Foucault passed the research and found，The "telling the truth" of the ancients started its ethical shaping from two dimensions。One aspect，It involves human self -ethics，That is the "purification method" to tell the truth。This practice requires people to become a "eclector"，For the purpose of itself，Procedure to complete self -purification，can get the truth，It can be "listened、Say、Read、Write "four work to possess the" truth "received from the outside，Establish a firm contact between the subject and the truth。Based on this，It is also necessary to transform the possession of the possession into self -"character" (êTHOS)。So one here，I will become a subject with both truth and morality。In ancient times, only ethical subjects were equipped with truth，Ethical main body and knowledge subject are combined as one。"To tell the truth" makes the truth a "equipment" (paraskeuê)，Used to fight the suffering encountered in people's lives，To have a life of Dehan and Happiness。On the other hand，It is related to the ethical responsibility to others，That is the truth of the "courage"。This practice requires people to become a "person who dares to others"，Not afraid of sacrifice、Decising to promote others to complete the "subjectiveness of truth"。In this process，"Tell the truth is a game Bet365 app download of life and death"，This is because the "Inspector" must be straightforward、Full、Clear expression transmits the truth you have to "listener"。This transmission is not simply a truth expression，Instead, it is necessary to correct it with "truth"、Error of Critical Listeners，Criticism is "up"，That is the risk of "OEMs" willing to risk death，Voluntary choice to "tell the truth" to the authority "，That is the risk of "OEMs" willing to risk death。"Episode" in the practice of "telling the truth" to others has achieved ethical shaping of themselves，Create self as a "beautiful work"，At the same time, it also produced the ethical effect of altruis。

Examination of the practice of "telling the truth" through the above two dimensions，Foucault discovered that the ancients' attitude towards truth is different from the attitude of modern interpretation，Do not seduce the subject "Frank" inner "truth"，Pursue awareness of all things，Instead, the free practice of "truth" promotes a beautiful character。The role of truth is to guide people to have a happy and aesthetic life，This is the unique survival aesthetic path of the ancients。But，This philosophical tradition has been completely forgotten and masked by the "knowledge -power" system dominated by the true will。Foucault Reconstruction "The Ethical Observation of Truth"，Give modern people diagnosis、A new perspective of criticizing the "Knowledge -Power -Power" blocking system -we must use "telling the truth" practice to turn self -style into unlimited possibilities，Create yourself as a beautiful work from the world，instead of passively accepting the "objective" of power relationships to people，Accept the established "identity" and "faces"; in the practice of "telling the truth" practice, it is necessary to challenge the "truth system" that modern people are accustomed to，Repel the so -called objective neutral cognitive truth into the space of Bet365 app download doubt and critical，To resist "knowledge -power" that is not easily perceived but strictly dominated by people。

From "knowledge -power" to "tell the truth"，Instead of showing the flow of Foucault's view of truth，It is better to say that he constantly explores modern people to get rid of the dilemma of survival、Realize the method of real freedom。Foucault has retrieved the long -lost ethical tradition for Western philosophy，Practice with "telling the truth" to fight the excessive governance of "knowledge -power"，I made a unique answer to this ancient Socrates question。

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