"White Tiger Tongyi: Ritual and Music Chapter" says: "Taiping is the making of rituals and music。"Confucianism in the Han Dynasty always focused on creating a set of rituals in a broad sense,To consolidate the king’s “successful rule”,Political order after achieving peace、Maintaining the long-term rule of a unified country is its important mission。"Book of Rites· Doctrine bet365 mobile betting Mean" has "Not the Son of Heaven,No etiquette,No system,The theory of not taking a test of literature,Rituals should be made under the auspices bet365 mobile betting supreme ruler,Guided by Confucian classics,On the one hand, taking advantage of high structuring、Standardized ritual symbols promote politics and religion,Gathering people’s hearts,Safeguard the emperor’s rule and the unity bet365 mobile betting political power;On the other hand, the internal power structure and the interest distribution relationships derived from it are presented and solidified through the form of ritual differences,This will lay an important political foundation for a unified country。It can be said,In the Han Dynasty when Confucian classics had a very distinct function in the world,Rite-making activities are the most prominent form of interaction between Confucian classics and politics。
Information picture of "Bai Hu Tong" from "Bao Jing Tang Series" engraved by Lu Wenxu, Qianlong Emperor bet365 mobile betting Qing Dynasty
The Baihuguan Conference is an important event in the history of Confucian classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty。Since the establishment bet365 mobile betting Eastern Han Dynasty,The dual cognitive tension between ZTE and innovation,Promote rulers to actively carry out comprehensive and systematic ritual-making activities,However, the lack of scriptures and the numerous scriptures seriously hinder the smooth development of related work。For this,Winter bet365 mobile betting fourth year of Jianchu year (79 years),Emperor Zhang bet365 mobile betting Han Dynasty held a meeting at the White Tiger Temple in the North Palace of Luoyang,With a view to summarizing the Western Han Dynasty、Based on the development of Confucianism and the practice of etiquette since the New Mang Dynasty,Studying the meaning of scripture,Unity of thought,Use Confucian classics to better serve political governance and system construction。For that matter,The impact bet365 mobile betting Baihuguan Conference on the political and institutional history bet365 mobile betting Eastern Han Dynasty should also be given full attention。An important question is,How the Baihu Temple Conference realizes the communication between classics and reality?The answer may be found in "White Tiger Tongyi"。
"Bai Hu Tong Yi" (also known as "Bai Hu Tong"),It is the final result bet365 mobile betting White Tiger Temple Conference。This book is organized by chapter,Each article revolves around a theme,There are several sections below the article,With question and answer as the basic unit。Such a text structure,To a certain extent, the format bet365 mobile betting meeting "Emperor's Edict - All Ministers' Answers" has been retained,But the content discussed has been greatly simplified。In the vast majority of cases,The book only retains Emperor Zhang’s conclusion of “calling the system a final decision”,Other opinions that were not adopted were deleted。What’s more noteworthy is,"White Tiger Tongyi" as a text discussing the similarities and differences bet365 mobile betting "Five Classics",It rarely contains explanations of scripture passages and comparisons of different scriptures;Opposite,“The book is almost full of exclusive interpretations and inferences,The scripture passage is just an introduction or conclusion” (Zeng Zhusen’s words)。This means,"White Tiger Tongyi" on the basis of comparison,Realized the integration of Confucian classics,Construct your own ideological system with this。
The aspect of asking questions by observing "White Tiger Tongyi",The questions in this book can be divided into two categories。One type is concerned with the legitimacy behind things,The meaning bet365 mobile betting existence of things;The other type is asking questions about the specific names and forms of things。The former is the mainstream question asked in "White Tiger Tongyi",The vast majority in the book,As "Four Seasons" says: "That's why it's called Suihe?Years old,Suiya。Three hundred and sixty-six days and one day,All things are completed,So it is one year old。”The latter type of questions are often accompanied by explanations of principles,As the "Five Sacrifice Chapter" says: "The Five Sacrificial Persons,What is it?曰门、household、Well、zao、Zhongliuye。So why sacrifice?People’s location and access、What you eat,So sacrifice it to the gods。”This contains two sets of questions and answers,The former asked what are the specific forms bet365 mobile betting Five Sacrifice,Does not involve moral discussion。The last section discusses "the meaning bet365 mobile betting five sacrifices",It is said that the five sacrifices are all visited by people on a daily basis、Catering Department,So I sacrificed it to the gods。His answer,It corresponds exactly to the information given by the former。In other words,The previous questions and answers on the specific forms of things pave the way for the following discussion of principles。So in a certain sense,What is discussed in "White Tiger Tongyi" can be regarded as the combination bet365 mobile betting principle bet365 mobile betting existence of things ("yi") and the form bet365 mobile betting existence of things ("things");Nothing more,Between the two,The focus of this book is obviously the meaning of existence behind the specific form of things。
Comparison bet365 mobile betting classics in "White Tiger Tongyi",It is carried out on the basis bet365 mobile betting combination of justice and justice,The mechanism is based on pre-established principles,Select and integrate scriptures about the specific forms of things ("choose things based on meaning")。"The Clan Chapter" says: "Who are the clansmen?"?Tribe,Minato,Juye,It means that love flows together。Shangmin Gaozu,Down to the great-great-grandson,Every family has good luck,A gathering of hundreds of families,Become close together。Love in life,Mourning after death,There is a way to gather,So called clan。"Shangshu" says: 'To kiss the nine clans。What are the nine members bet365 mobile betting ‘family’??Nine principles are studied,What is the end of closeness and affection。So-called nine tribes,Father family four,Mother clan three,Wife Family 2。"There are two sayings about the "Nine Tribes" in the Han Dynasty。The ancient scriptures are based on "coining with the great ancestor",The nine generations of relatives with the same surname down to the great-great-grandson are called the Nine Clan。Nowadays, the classics says that the nine clans are the "Four clans"、Mother clan three、Wife Clan Two”,In addition to relatives with the same surname, we also accept relatives with different surnames。"White Tiger Tongyi" says "people bet365 mobile betting tribe,Minato,Juye,It means that love goes hand in hand”,Focus on the emotional cohesion derived from blood ties to define the essence bet365 mobile betting clan。This cohesion is most evident in the “father’s surname family” which is the core of blood relationship,Therefore, "White Tiger Tongyi" chooses the theory of "nine tribes" with the same surname from ancient Chinese classics to match the concept of "tribe"。As for the "Nine Tribes","White Tiger Tongyi" is based on the theory of "Yi" that learns to count Yang to nine and achieve extreme change,Emphasis on the closeness and affection within the clan to the extreme,Returned to oneness。According to this,The "nine tribes" are the maximum range that the cohesion of love based on blood relationships can radiate,It should not only include relatives with the same surname,It should also include people with different surnames。The "Baihu Tongyi" defines the "nine tribes" with the help bet365 mobile betting wider Jinwen scriptures。The above text of "White Tiger Tongyi" also covers the two theories of "nine tribes" in modern and ancient texts bet365 mobile betting Han Dynasty,But its comparison between the two,It is not an either/or judgment.,But based on pre-established principles,Select the appropriate scripture to match,Thus realizing the integration of classics and studies,Construct your own ideological system。
"Book bet365 mobile betting Later Han: Biography of Scholars" says: "Gu Ming Shi Chen,The book is a general meaning。”The so-called “general meaning”,That is, a universal principle。The ancients believed,The specific forms of everything in the world are complicated,However, things come into being beyond their concrete form、The principle of existence is consistent and common,So all the universal meanings behind things can be called "general meanings"。The results bet365 mobile betting Baihuguan Conference are written as "Tongyi",It is precisely because the discussion in the book always starts from the legitimacy basis bet365 mobile betting universal existence of things,Construct an ideological system from righteousness to matter-of-factness。It needs to be pointed out,Due to the strong ideological construction of "White Tiger Tongyi",Therefore, the selection relationship formed under the guidance of principles in the book does not pursue a comprehensive grasp bet365 mobile betting scripture system。"通义" in "通",Points to the universality of giri,Rather than the harmony bet365 mobile betting scriptural system。
The above understanding of "general meaning",Illustrated a systematic idea of Emperor Zhang’s system of rituals,Starting from the universal meaning bet365 mobile betting existence of etiquette,Screening、Select the most suitable ritual forms from the scriptures,Based on this,And then establish a ritual system that is most consistent with the name and reality。"Continuation bet365 mobile betting Book of Han·Etiquette" "On the first day bet365 mobile betting first lunar month,Southern suburbs bet365 mobile betting temple",Liu Zhao's annotation quoted from "Bai Hu Tong" as saying: ""The Spring and Autumn Annals" says, 'On the first month bet365 mobile betting year, the Xin Dynasty comes up';"Shang Shu" says 'Ding Si',Use animals in the suburbs,Niu Er’。Three Days First,Xin Ye,Three Days Later,Ding Ye,Everyone can take over Haotian’s day。""White Tiger Tongyi" introduces "Yi Gu Gu Gua" "Three Days First",The saying that "the third day of Hou Jia" is regarded as the day of use,Integrate the different opinions about the date of worshiping heaven in the southern suburbs in "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Zhao Gao",Held a suburban sacrifice in Luoyang for the Eastern Han Dynasty,From the Jianwu period to the Western Han Dynasty's practice of Xinri to the later etiquette stipulation bet365 mobile betting first month bet365 mobile betting year,Laid the basis for legitimacy。
Further,The "Tongyi" established by "White Tiger Tongyi",Often derived from Wei Shu,The so-called "Seven Classics Prophecy"。So from the perspective bet365 mobile betting mechanism of "choosing things based on righteousness",Instead of believing that "White Tiger Tongyi" is "Yuan Wei Zheng Jing" according to the traditional view,It would be more appropriate to call it “Economic Aid Zhengwei”。The first year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (56 years),Emperor Guangwu announced his prophecy to the world,Completed the ideological answer to the divine right of kings in the Eastern Han Dynasty。The subsequent White Tiger Temple Conference held during Emperor Zhang’s reign,Not only uses Confucian classics to provide legitimizing footnotes for Wei Shu,And it opened the way to integrate prophecy theology and practical rituals through the integration of classics。
(The author bet365 mobile betting assistant professor at Yuelu College, Hunan University)
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