In existing ancient classics，The word "Zhuzi" was first seen in "Zhou Li"。The meaning of what it represents，There are about both ends: one refers to the nobles of the vines under the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty，See "Earth Officer · Great Situ" and "Autumn Officer · Pedestrian Pedestrian"; the second -finger official of the Zhou Dynasty "The Son of the State of the State"，See "Xia Guan · Syrian Official" and "Zhuzi" two articles。Western Han Dynasty、Mourning period，Liu Xiang、Liu Ye Fengzhang "Leading School Secretary"，"Play its" Seven Strategy "，The concept of the "Zhuzi" in the sense of the classics category，Book categories that are used to refer to the "six arts" classics。Ban Gu's "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi" inherits his saying。This usage，Get extensive acceptance in later generations。Compilation of "Siku Quanshu" during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty，In the book of the designated department, said: "Since the Six Classics speakers，All Subtracts "，Still continued Liu Ye's concept。Except the meaning of the book category，The word "Zhuzi" is sometimes used to accuse scholars、thinker。At the latest in the late Western Han Dynasty、The Great Confucian Yang Xiong who is at the same time as Liu Ye，We can already see this situation。Yangxiong's "Fa Yan · Wuzi" is called "Daisheng and the Son is good for Bet365 lotto review the sons"，"Gentleman" is set up "or" as question "Zizi Zhuzi，Mencius is not the sons "and so on，is a proof。

In modern times，The use of the word "Zhuzi" is gradually generalized，Except for the existing book categories in the past、Scholar Eryi Waiwai，also breed academic genre righteousness。In most contemporary contemporary sub -study research monographs，People define the "Zhuzi"，Generally, it includes the above three，It believes it refers to "Zhou Qin, Han Wei，Especially Zhou Qin、Different academic genres in the Qin and Han dynasties、thinker、Social activist、Educator、Scholars and their works "(Guo Qiyong、Wu Genyou's "The Constitution of Zhuzi Learning")。On the surface，This seems not much different from the so -called "Zhuzi" in the traditional era; or，​​succession with before and after，and maintain strong stability in connotation。But，It's not the case for facts。What you can assert is，Although the word "Zhuzi" is shared by ancient and modern scholars，But whether the two are specifically referred to、Works，Still the ideological concepts behind it，significant changes have taken place，It can even be said to be two -phase opposition。

For specific characters referred to，"Zhuzi" in modern academic context，Including from Confucius or Lao Tzu、Many thinkers who are called "Zi" during the Zhou Qin and Han dynasties。Hu Shi "The Son is not out of the Wang Guan Theory" (1917).、Confucian Qiu as to Han Fei "，"History of Chinese Philosophy" (1919) also known as "from Lao Tzu to Hanfu，bet365 best casino games For ancient philosophy。This era，Also known as ‘Zhuzi Philosophy’ ”。In Hu Shi's concept，Lao Tzu、Confucius、Han Fei，and other pre -Qin thinkers，All belong to the "Zhuzi" ranks。Quoting two discussions，It is likely to be the founding of modern new "Zhuzi" view。Since then，Whether it is Mummy's "The Year of the Qin and Sons" (1935)、Chen Zhu's "Twenty -six theory" (1935) and other sub -study research monographs，Still Feng Youlan's "History of Chinese Philosophy (Part 1)" (1931)，Except for changing Confucius before Lao Tzu，All inherited Hu Shi's "Zhu Son" view。The biggest difference between its view of the traditional "Zhuzi"，In the Confucius as one of the "sons"。Start with Liu Ye's "Seven Strategy"，until the Qing Confucianism, Xuecheng、Yu Yue，Except an individual scholar (Wang Chong's "On Heng · Nature" has "Confucius，The ancestor of morality，The most outstanding among the sons ") Outside，None of the Confucius was included in the scope of the "Zhuzi"! Zhang Xuecheng's "Culture History and History of Yi · Original" said: "Master's description but not doing it，Table chapter six arts，Old Ceremony of Zhou Gong also，Dare to give up the device。And the sons have already said Tao。"Among them，The distinction between "Master" and "Zhuzi" is very obvious。Yu Yue's "Zhuzi A Advance" will give a high evaluation of the "Zhuzi"，But still adhere to the traditional opinions of "Confucius" and "Zhuzi"。Even Yu Yue's disciple、Zhang Taiyan, which has a great influence in the early Republic bet365 live casino games of China，It is also clearly expressed in the "Speaking of Zhuzi Study" (1906).，"Confucius deletes the Six Classics ... Its learning is only an objective learning ... if the sons are not the same"。

For the specific works referred to，The "sons" in the traditional era are relative to groups、In the history of the history，and the Analects of Confucius are included in the "Six Arts Over the Summary" or "Economic Ministry"; the "Zhuzi" in the modern context refers to the works of the "son"，The Analects of Confucius is the first of the "Zhuzi" book。For example，Jiang Baqian "Zhuzi Tong Tao" (1948) clearly said: "The book of the sons，Multi -disciples later learned to compile their teachers.。This style is compiled from Confucius "The Analects of Confucius。The book of the sons，Using "The Analects" as the first part。"" Han Shu · Yi Wen Zhi "" Record "The Analects" in "Six Art Strategy"，Recording "Mencius" in "Zhuzi Lue" "method，Jiang's review is "Dianding Xuan Xuan，Self -confused Examples "。Of course he knows，List "The Analects of Confucius" in "Six Arts"，It is the ancient tradition since "Hanshu · Yi Wen Zhi"，and "Later directory also enters the" Class "category，There is no toilet among the sons "; but，He still insists on writing the Analects Exam，The first part of the "Son Test"，Also regarded it as the "Book of the Test of the Children，Before the necessary supplement to the Analects。Obviously，Time to Chi Jiang Bo Qian wrote the era of "Zhuzi Tao Test"，The concept of "Zhuzi" in the traditional meaning，There has been a huge bet365 live casino games change in the object of the object，Basic setting。

Yangxiong's "Fa Yan · Gentleman" once said: "The sons，Those who are different from Confucius also。"" Now，We treat Confucius like "Zhuzi"，I don’t think it is wrong。Reasons for the reason，Mainly in the academic concepts we adhere to the ancients。In the traditional context，The word "Zhuzi" is to construct the "Taoist" system、Differential "Taoism" is orthodox and was specially invented。The so -called "Taoism"，is the Dafa of the Governance of the World。According to Liu Ye's "Dr. Tai Chang": Confucius deleted the Six Classics，"The Way of Emperor Ji"，Is Tang、The heir of the "Taoist" of the "King of the Emperor" since Yu。"Zhuzi" "starting from the king and the micro，Princes for Political Government，"Each leading one end，Chong Qi's good "，It is the "Six Classics Branch and Liu" ("Hanshu · Yi Wenzhi")。Naming of "Zhu Son"，It is to indicate that they are not enough to represent the orthodox of the "Emperor's Way"，Even the deviation and betrayal of the sage's way。

As for the "Zhuzi" in the modern context，The concept behind it，It's very different from this。As Chen Zhu said in "Twenty -six theory of Zixu · Yuan Confucianism": "Han Shu · Yi Wenzhi" although the six arts of Confucius are ‘six arts'，not listed in Confucianism，It respected Confucius at the time; today it is academic，Confucius is also in the list of sons。"" Here is revealed，include Confucius in "Zhuzi"，It is determined from the perspective of "academic"。and the so -called "academic"，mainly bet365 live casino games refers to thoughts and theory。1902-1904，Liang Qichao published "On the Great of the Change of Chinese Academic Thought"，Already "Kong、Old、Mo San Ji World "; Later," Old、Kong、Overview of Future Schools "(1920)，then bluntly "ancient academic，Old、Kong、Mo San Sheng Ji Ji Great "。Hu Shi at the same time and later Hu Shi、Feng Youlan and others，Lie Confucius in "Zhuzi"，It is also "academic" (philosophy)。They have a common era background，That is, facing heterogeneous and powerful Western studies，You must use a new vision，A whole of Chinese traditional academic views and reflection，Re -construct a system、Chinese traditional academic community with rich content，Compared with Western Xue，or the challenge of Western studies，Then innovate traditional Chinese academic。This is part of Liang Qichao's "On the Great of Chinese Academic Thoughts" in the "first chapter of the general theory of Chinese academic thought".。Even the sages who are now committed to creating "new sub -learning"，It is still under the same or similar ideological atmosphere。

What needs to be explained is，This article analyzes the ancient and modern changes of the concept of "Zhuzi"，and point out the differences or oppositions of the two，Not to oppose it to continue to use it in modern context，Instead, I hope to study the scholars who study the sons or are committed to the construction of the new sons，Ancient and modern identification of this concept remained sober understanding，Clear "Zhu Son" is an academic concept built by Confucian Bet365 app download scholars in the Han Dynasty，Not in the general sense、The summary of the pre -Qin Zhong "Zi"，Then avoid unnecessary misunderstandings in the discussion。As for why Han Confucianism chose such a term that is easy to be "misunderstood"，Whether there is no deep meaning，Jue 俟 Another article details。

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