Middle -aged thinkers' arguments around the relationship between the national church，Metaphorical methods are often used to express，If "Double Sword Theory", "Sun and Moon,"，It is a popular writing method for medieval scholars to express political thought。"Corpus Politicum，Body Politic) is the metaphorical method commonly used by Western European thinkers in the 12-15 century Western European thinkers，Translated as "Organic Body"。Organic metaphor to establish a political community and the body，Representatives are: John of Solzburi，Padova's Masirius、Christina de Pisang，Atggelbert in Admont，Rome's Jils、Nicholas Oresm、Jean Gelson、John Fitisqiu and Pina's Lucas and others，They will compare the political community to the body of a person or animal，Putting part of the components of all classes inside the community and the body of the body，The cause of physical health or disease，Further exploring the reason for the excellent or tyranny of the community。

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Western European Middle Ages Metaphor，It is mainly derived from classical bet365 best casino games philosophy and medicine、Bet365 lotto review Christian theology、Inheritance of early medical theory, etc.。Use body -class ratio can be traced back to the metaphor of the Apostle Saint Paul in the Bible Roman Book，compare the church as the body of Christ; the classical era，Plato、Aristotle、Ciserro and others will compare virtue with physical health; early Middle Ages，There is no such concept in the Germanic political tradition，Christianity gradually unify the world，Sports ratio from political field to theology。

First，The prosperity of cultural education，Especially the emergence of universities is of great significance，The development of medicine and law education is prosperous。2，The secular monarch's advocacy of knowledge and the public's recognition of knowledge。12th century is the turning point of the public reading development，Public literacy at the end of the 13th century is a common phenomenon，The public understands classical philosophy and medical knowledge。third，The Pope's Holy See promotes the development of anatomy and surgery。13th century，The Pope has eagerly accepted medicine，Discussion of doctors participating in political theory and political thinkers are common phenomena for medicine。Fourth，Translation of classical classics。The interaction between Islamic culture and Western European Latin culture，promoted the revival of classical bet365 best casino games philosophy and medicine in Western Europe，Including Greek Classics、Translation of Arabic classics，Revival of Rome Fa，Aristotle Fuxing, etc.。

　　"Organic Body" metaphor content

In this knowledge atmosphere and social environment，More and more thinkers use organic metaphors to explain the idea of ​​national political community。12th -century British intellectual Solzburi John，Make organic theory of re -popular in Western Europe。These thinkers compare the political community to the body of human or animals，Different classes correspond to different parts of the body，Divisions of all strata，Rely on each other、Collaborative cooperation，Formation to build your ideal orderly country。In the metaphor of the organic body，The participation of the people in the lower levels makes the division of labor and class of the community more complicated，The participation of women also makes the community develop balance，Organic discussions such as Pisang and Fatisqi reflect this，It shows that this change is consistent with the changes in Western European society in the late Middle Ages。

The relationship between the state and the church is the most important question in the political community。Most scholars in the early middle of the Middle Ages to the mid -term consider the head as the most important part。John believes that Bet365 app download the head represents the monarch，Soul Representative Church，Soul Guide Body，But the soul and body are two different but internal connections。Church and the country is the same，King Quan、Education rights will cooperate with each other for the common goals，But autonomy and independent in their respective fields。to 13、The turn of the 14th century，thinkers represented by Masisley and Jels think，The heart is the most important part of the body，The most important authoritative secular government in politics is similar to the heart，and the church is not the ruling part of the community。Pisang believes that the church is part of the organic body，Similar to the feet。This change reflects the change of the concept of the king's rights，Teaching power gradually weakened。

　The influence of the metaphor of the "organic body"

First，Organic metaphor this medieval metaphor to explain the unique political theory of political community，Reflecting academic inheritance and continuity of thought。For example, as the first thinker of John's theory of organic theory，His "On the Government Principles" becomes a way to obtain classical resources and the simple way of "Bible Information"。

Next，Organic metaphorical metaphor to further integrate classical bet365 best casino games philosophy and medicine、Christian theology and Arab Islamic culture, etc.，and promote its bet365 live casino games communication。Plato、Aristotle、Classical works of authors such as Ciserro and Ovid are referenced in large quantities，Especially after Aristotle's revival，The organic theory of organic body theory in Masisley's "The defender of Peace" borrowed the political outlook of Yabi，Far -influence on future generations。"Bible"、The Bible comments and the theologian works，Promote the spread of metaphorical thoughts and Christian moral ethics。Classical Medicine's Tetramodicida Theory and the combination of anatomical anatomy of medium medicine，Promote the thinker to better understand the structure of the human body and the functions of various parts，Compare different parts of the body to all strata of society，shows the development of the language of traditional Chinese medicine in political theory。The political concepts of organic metaphors explained by these thinkers，Not only does it contain theology、The interaction of philosophy and law，And the psychological image of the medical concept of human body。

Last，The political concept reflected in the theory of organic metaphorical theory has an important impact on modern political thought。For example，Moderate principles in organic theory replaced abstinence，An important principle of becoming the development of political practice and the development of Christian ethics，It is bet365 best casino games also the practical principle of the development of virtue concept。Freedom concept is not only no external interference，And the monarch's maintenance of the rights and dignity of the people。Small State and Christian Church independent、Cooperate with each other，Members of all strata performed their duties，To create an overall、A socially dependent society lays the foundation。Just as Berman analyzed John's organic body theory: "John of Solzbury directly extended the title of the rulers from God，It indicates that the generation of king's theory of the King's rights in the 16th century，At the same time，Its parent -style monarchy theory indicates the emergence of personal autocraticism theory in the 17th century;，It indicates that the judicial goal theory proposed by Lord Edward Cockcock later。”

　(This article is the Historical Inspection of the Middle Ages "Social Science Planning Youth Project" Historical Investigation of Middle Ages "(18dlsj04)、Shandong Normal University Youth Teacher Scientific Research Project (Humanities and Social Sciences) "Middle Ages Western European 'Organic Metaphor" Thought Study "(17SQR020) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of History and Social Development of Shandong Normal University)