"Political System，Must be self -rooted。"" Chinese Politics Loss "book by reveals the spirit and historical tradition of the Chinese nation，For Han、Tang、Song、Ming、Government Organization of the Five Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty、Election and Exam、Finance tax、The political system of national defense and military system is clearly revolutionary、The original committee、Evaluation gains and losses，From "History Opinions" to "Opinions of the Time"，It provides a reference for the construction of China's political system。Modern State of China，Is Qian Mu deep into the ancient history、The key ideological thrust for life for life。

　bet365 best casino games

Political tradition contains vast，Great ideal、Three people and political system。Qian Mu once pointed out，Cooperation with the system，No system is a failure，Institutional ninth is blind。He thinks，No luxury talks，and can implement the behavior on a feasible system and long for a long time，It is "the supreme achievement of Chinese history"。

Talking about systems in "Political Loss of Chinese Dynasties"，The focus is on system and personnel、The relationship between system and culture。This is actually the traditional idea of ​​governance theory，Think about governing people、Governance、Dialectical relationships of the three types of elements of governance，Understand their respective characters in a integration network。If you don’t understand this tradition，It may not be seen that the essence of "Chinese Politics and Loss of Chinese Dynasties" is precisely to refute the institutional decision theory and political centralism since modern times.，The theory of sacred political system。

The so -called sacred political system，That is, people believe that bet365 live casino games the system is the most critical for modern transformation，System solution is the fundamental solution of political changes; the best and best system in the world，Its profit is greater than the disadvantages，or even benefits without disadvantages，Society achieved it to rule; for modern Chinese，The drug is a political system imported from Western，Especially democratic political system; introduce transplantation democratic political system，It means that two breaks with autocratic tradition，It means that there is a new start in the political order，This is also the ideal direction of the revolutionary movement。The institutional worship of the "sacred political system" and casting a variety of reform ideas，Taking the foreign system as the only standard for local political development，Efforts to transform the real personnel of the society where the society is located in order to accommodate the theoretical proposition，Utopia imagination in the final conclusion sense。

"Political Loss of Chinese Dynasties" focuses on "political system of law"，Revisiting the traditional essence of Chinese politics，It can help us understand the reason why modern China attaches great importance to political system，can be called "theory of history and political system"。Speaking，Emphasized the personnel of the system、Psychiatric、Time and cultural nature。First，Politics of Personnel Council，Traditional so -called "governing people"，is the basic element of institutional evolution，To understand the generation system，must be familiar with a generation of personnel，Otherwise, institutional understanding is easy to fall into grammar theory。Second，System creation and development，Not only did the external personnel need at that time，It is given all kinds of inherent intentions by the people，Therefore, we need to pay attention to the "historical opinions" of the world's "historical bet365 best casino games opinions"，Do not rely on the subjective opinions of alien people and suspended inferences ("Time Opinions")。again，Special characteristics of institutional system，Should recognize the times、Tightly related to geography。The reason why the system is emphasized，Gain's customs and customs in various places，This is the basic condition for understanding the origin and change of the system。Last，Political system is a part of culture，The latter has formed a unique system and cultural spirit in a certain geographical environment，Therefore, especially emphasizes the accumulation of the spiritual internal spirit。Behind the political system of China, there is such power to recognize the body。

　　The theory of the governance of historical and political system

Governance Theory is a concept category of Chinese political science itself，It talks about political principles、How to interact and cooperate between the system and the subject to form an excellent order。The governance is based on the "edited by the world text" from the early Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties，After thousands of years of evolution，Congzhi Road、The compound relationship of three types of elements of governance and governance to understand the construction of political order。Rebel Song Xue witnessed its maturity，Thinking mode that developed by science and science and scriptures developed by mind and governance as its own standard。Chen Liang defended the political defense of the Han and Tang dynasties，The main basis is the continuity between the rule of law, that is, the law of Ji Gang and the three generations of ideals。"Mingyi to be visited" for the push continuation of the rule of law is this tradition。

"Political Loss of Chinese Dynasties" is presented as an institutional history with modern special history，Its institutional understanding activation is the tradition of governance theory。Highlight the personnel of the system、Psychiatric and Times，bet365 live casino games The system equates the system with the law (ritual law、Habit、Spell)，In Hedu Road (Culture、Spirit) and the system vision of governance (personnel) understands its rationality。This idea，In the "Political Science and Private Eye", there are several existing reflections。The tension of governing people and law is the central care of the author's explanation of the new theory of the rule of law，The general theory of "gains and losses of the past" is still here ("Innovation Law，Yunxin Cai ")，and repeatedly emphasize the central point of the "Communist Belief" in the spread of Chinese society，The foundation of the spiritual foundation (governing the road) for modern standings。

Political Theory has its own explanation，But the range should be determined。The activation of the theory of governance promoted the reflection on the theory of Western academic and political body，Reviewing the single nature of its power logic is not enough to explain the evolution of the historical and political system。​​Qian Mu is still large in the 1940s and 1950s.，Until the 1980s "Late Studies" thought formed，Govern the rule of law with ritual，Explain Chinese politics according to the spirit of Li Zhi，Fully reveals the thinking characteristics of the theory of body governance (such as the theory of the people and the people、job division theory、Streaming theory)。

　Praise and protest: "Mingyi to visit"

In the modern interpretation of "Mingyi to Be visited"，Qian Mu has inherited the Confucian ideal spirit of Lizhou，Explain the modern value of school theory under the constitutional structure，It also conservatively treated its radical trend，Political traditions since the Qin and Han dynasties，From this revealed the modern vitality of the thinking of near life。He is based on "Political Loss of Chinese Dynasties"，A few praise of "Mingyi Beating" is better than Rousseau's "The Civil Registration Theory"，The reason lies in its actual Bet365 lotto review political system，Not mysterious empty talk。

The main points of their praise are two: one，Evaluation of school theory is extremely high，Focusing，The comprehensive intention of the evolution of the cultural spirit and the evolution of the political system regards it as the crystallization of political science，The foundation of the spirit of the modern national constitutional system。Its two，Repeatedly referred to as the perspective of governing the law of La Chau more than governing people，Highlight the personnel of the system、Psychiatric and Times，equivalent to the system with the rule of the road、Governance Law、Understand its rationality in the system of governance。

But on the other side，"Political Loss of Chinese Dynasties" is a protest against "Mingyi Beating" in the history of political system。This layer is hidden in the book without sending it。"Mingyi to be visited" is a key connection point between near and modern，Modern Enlightenment regards it as "Rousseau in China"，Elapse democracy and parliamentary concepts from "Yuan Jun" and "School"。but but，"Mingyi to be visited" is dominated by the view of history，"Yuan Jun" and other chapters of the three generations and later generations are inherited with Zhu Zi.，tend to abandon the three generations from the idealism。Therefore，Qian Mu has criticized Lizhou "Three generations before there are laws，The original law theory after three generations "，belonging to the Confucian stress theory，Do not match the real。And his interpretation of the political system after the Qin and Han dynasties is precisely to distinguish the rationality of its system，Reflection of the science logic that deconstructs historical and political system with morality and passion。

　　China's "Old System and Great Revolution"

Qian Mu reads a lifetime，From the "National History Outline"，constantly paying attention to the situation of the country、Story scale、Establishment of the spirit of the country and the ideal historical and political Bet365 app download system of the country。A major theme of "Political Loss of Chinese Dynasties"，It is to explore the continuous changes in the political system of all ages，How can China be inherited。No Rome after Rome，Han Tang died in China without death，How the big country that is rich in industry and commerce and pays attention to agriculture has renewed its unity without falling into the form of empire，New ideas for providing humans with modern order，In Qian Mu's view is the most discussing big topic。

Therefore，He has always been thinking about modern politics for changes，Leave away from the old way，Revolutionary trend of ignoring the starting conditions of political system reform。For the "Old System and Revolution" problem of this China，He recognizes what Liang Qichao said that traditional China lacks real revolution，But in the sense of "China does not die", it may not be a regret。In the Times of the Modern Mind in the Spirit of Transformation，His continuous reiteration of the founding of the country "depending on self -depending on him"，Keep the passion of utopianism introduced by politics theory，and think about how to develop power in modern political order。

Revolution has its limitations and conversion，Finally should return to the people，Back to the ground，Certificate in traditional newborn syndrome into its glory，Raise its vitality in Changzhuan and Safe。"Politics Loss of the Dynasties" is therefore not only a regulator for the Great Revolution、Warmanwu，It also contains unsolved decodes that focus on political order。

【On -site interaction]

Q: If you learn the history of Chinese institutional from the perspective of political science，Is there any way to refer to or learn from?

Answer: Put the objects you want to study or major issues in history to go back to analyze，First of all, do a basic conscious orientation of history and reality，This makes us the same as the starting point of history。Followed on the method and path of research system history，Bet365 app download We must pay attention to the method of reading literature，Learn the relevant reading methods of history as much as possible，But when we are studying problems, we need to try the theoretical methods and indicators of political science。

time  Bao: March 23, 2021

Speaker: Ren Feng (School of International Relations of Renmin University of China)

Trickman: Pang Jinyou、Liu Jian (School of Political and Public Management of China University of Political Science and Law)