As one of the classic academic issues，Publicity Studies in Philosophy、Political Science and other humanities and social sciences have achieved fruitful results，Establishing word source、Learning、Three paths of types to learn。Government publicity is gradually developing into the core topic。In the future, the innovation expansion of publicity research should be promoted from national governance practice。

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Path of Ciyuan Study Power is dedicated to the concept of publicity Correct，It is believed that publicity refers to the nature of "public"、Features、Attributes and traits，The core of understanding the public is to clarify the meaning of "public"。

The "public" in Chinese is mainly derived from "public"，Generally experienced five stages: the first stage，"Gong" before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period，Meaning to the court、Government and government affairs，The Book of Songs "Rain My Gongtian" ("Xiaoya · Datian")，"Gong" ("Zhou Song · Chen Gong") of "Gong" is the meaning。The second stage，"Gong" in the middle and late Warring States，Means the whole、General，such as "Avenue's trip，The world is the public ... Avenue is hidden，The "Gong" in the "Book of Rites · Rites") is the meaning of this meaning。Third stage，"Gong" popular in the science period of the Song and Ming dynasties，It means good and heaven、positive、Basic principles such as righteousness，As an ethical language，The object of the saying is "private"，Private domain、Many discussions that are incredible in heaven are shown in "Zhu bet365 best casino games Ziyu"。Fourth stage，"Gong" in the late Ming Dynasty still means all、General，But in Wangfuzhi、Gu Yanwu、Huang Zongxi and other thinkers' discussions，The legitimacy of "Private" is recognized at a certain limit，New public and private view began to sprout。Phase 5，"Gong" in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China，meaning public、Common、Everyone，It is obviously influenced by the West，and spread to public selection、Push push、Guild and other social life words。

Guladin "POPLICUS", "Res Publica" and Greek "Koinon", "Pubes", "Maturity" are considered the origin of the Western "publicity"。Where，"POPLICUS" derived from the English "Public" "Publicness"，"Koinon" will derive "Common" in English，Generally, it is public、Public、Common、The meaning of the public。Generally speaking，Publicity is used as a private nature、individuality、Private independence、The concept of relative privacy is used for use，Shareability、Together、Public、The basic meaning of public use can be clear。

　　Study path

The historical state of studying the path of learning is to examine publicity，Public publicity as the concept generated in history。

Although the traditional society is actually in the "human dependence relationship"，There is no systematic public saying，But there is no shortage of thoughts about publicity。From the original society、Slave society to feudal society，The needs of human beings on the three basic interests -material、The production of spiritual and order shows the trend from the same to division of labor，In agriculture and animal husbandry、Division of handicrafts and agriculture，The pattern of "public and private" began to break and show the differentiation trend of "public and private differences"。but，Because the business is not yet bet365 best casino games developed，Traditional society is still a "non -market economy society"，The public demands of those in the "predecessor" are still drowned in the blood community、In the geopolitical community，The concept of publicity is more preset with human nature (sex good、For example、Suspiciousness of Sexual and Evil)、Correspondence and correction are associated with，The core is to obey the community。For example，In ancient China，Public ideal unified in politics、Public feelings of Xiu Qiping、Public ethics requirements with Confucian ideology as the core and the hope of public power assigned by the dynasties of the dynasties，can all find the factors of publicity。but，Publicity of traditional society has its limitations，and often by the family、Demonstration of religion。

With the advancement of the bourgeois revolution，People who gradually get rid of "people's dependence" have continued to lead to "independence of people based on things -based people"，People enter the "subjective state" from the "front subject" state。This laid the foundation for the growth of publicity in the modern sense。You can see，At the end of the Middle Ages，The struggle between teaching power and the king's power opened a new chapter in the victory of the royal power，Unified nation -states have established them all over Europe。The "secular governance" of "the rule of spirit" is defeated by the centralized manner to effectively maintain the development of the secular economy，The increase in agricultural output and population has helped push the development of business and the rise of emerging cities，And the development of business and the rise of emerging cities have further promoted the secularization process，Promoting the Renaissance、The rise of the Enlightenment bet365 best casino games and religious reform。The continuous development of the commodity economy、Under the wave of rapid advancement of the bourgeois revolution，Humans entering the industrial society from agricultural society to industrial society enters "market economy society" from "non -market economy society"，Blood edge community more allowed to be located in the geographical community and the community of duties。

In the continuous expansion of communication，The "subjectivity" of a person develops to "inter -subjective"，The publicity continues to spread and proliferate，Its theoretical portrait is the public concept of ancient Greece and the theory of natural rights in modern times and the public dimension of social contract theory。Hobbes、Locke、Montesquan、Rousseau and other political thinkers to play collectively，An unprecedented development of liberalism based on personal standard。But，Public words in the West mostly stop at "negative publicity" -the publicity with private interests and boundaries，Based on this, the natural rights and concepts of the rule of law formed、Theoretical heritage such as the government and decentralization doctrine is the establishment of the capitalist system in the West、Consolidation and deepening provides important ideological support。

　　Type learning path

Comparison of comparison，Type learning path is more concerned about the nature of publicity、scale and range。

The defense and amendment path represented by socialism are positive and public.，So negative publicity and positive publicity showed mutual defense in different periods of capitalism、This situation of this elimination is long。With the birth of administration，Publicity enters the political -administrative division and narrative，Political publicity and administrative publicity bet365 best casino games have fallen into a historical cycle of clutch entanglement，Administrative tool rationality has gradually drowned the value of politics。Popularity of publicity and unrealistic value neutral，Learn the lack of publicity of Western public administration，Public administration that loses "public" inevitably falls into the legitimacy crisis of "body theory"。

other，Surrounded by public items、Public domain、Public affairs、Theoretical discussion of public needs equal dimensions also divides publicity into the publicity and communication of the structure of the structure，Publicity、Standardize publicity and comprehensive publicity and other types。

　　Multi -value of the government's publicity

Justice and efficiency are the two basic value dimensions of social harmonious, healthy and sustainable development，The market can achieve high efficiency of society，But it will not be realized spontaneously，It may even erode social justice。The World Bank pointed out in the "Government in the World": "In almost all society，The needs and preferences of those who have rich and powerful people are fully reflected in the official goals and priority considerations。But for those poor people who struggle for the center of power and the people on the edge of society，This situation is very rare。Therefore，This kind of people and other groups with weak influence have not benefited from public policies and services，Even those who should benefit from the most。"So，In the reverse movement of the so -called "market society" to the "social market" transformation，People are increasingly calling the government's public nature to return。

Since the reform and opening up，Public ethics of the government's nature and goals of the government seeks to be finally implemented into the practice of a bet365 Play online games service -oriented government，Publicity becomes government functions and structures、Government system and policy、The important basis for the theoretical review and standard review of the government and social relations。In other words，Government functions and structures must make adjustments that comply with publicity norms，Constantly adapt to the structural transformation of the public domain，To ensure the government's initiative、respond to public needs in time，sufficient、Supply and fairness、Allocate public service。At the same time，We must continuously improve the government responsibility system、Publicity of government public policy。In addition，The symbiotic development of the government's publicity and social publicity must also be promoted，Government's needs for society from "biased support" and "control management" to "coordinated support" and "development management"。

As a meta -value，Publicity not only affects the government and its governance practice，It also has a standardized leading role in the development of public administration。Disciplines of Western Public Administration Studies have moved towards "publicity loss" in the process of politics，Its government governance practice is continuously swinging between negative publicity -positive publicity、Entry and retreat，Enter the cyclical vibration of "Intervention -Layon"。Publicity is a long -lasting theme，But constantly refining、In trivial and complicated research topics，Publicity is often ignored and despised。In the Studies of Public Administration or Public Management，Discuss "Management" more，Deep digging "public"; the system and value of the publicity of publicity，Discuss the less practical mechanism and specific bet365 live casino games policies。Therefore，In the future, it is necessary to promote and expand publicity from national governance practice。

　　(This article is the content structure of the national social science fund planning project "The content structure of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics、Research on Inner Logic and Significant Advantages "(20BZZ005) phased results)

(Author Unit: Modernization Research Center of Lanzhou University、Lanzhou University School of Management)