Recent，The Institute of U.S. Think Tank Economic Policy held a seminar on "Tax (Extremely) Rich People: Finding a Meeting to reduce excessive unequal wealth"。Experts from the meeting discussed how to use taxes and other public policies，Reduce US wealth gap、Economic and political forces that are extremely restricted by people，and problems such as economic growth income more fairly among all nationals。

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Paul Krugman, an American economist who has won the Nobel Prize in Economics, said，Until not long ago，"Wealth Dislature" (excessive wealth is concentrated in the hands of very few people) bet365 best casino games in the United States is not a topic that will cause discussion。Some people think，The so -called "disorders" are just jealous of the rich，or exaggerate the lifestyle differences of different economic conditions group。In fact，Many people can't imagine the richness of the rich people at all。Janet C. Gornick, director of the Social and Economic Research Center of the Municipal University of New York, mentioned at a meeting at a meeting a few days ago，The average annual income of the 25 puppet fund managers with the highest global revenue in 2018 is 800 million US dollars，The first annual income is $ 1.6 billion。Although this is the data released by the U.S. "Forbes" magazine，Many participants at the time still said they did not believe。Cruggman said，At present, there is no precise definition of the academic community about "very rich people"，This part of the population only accounts for 0.1%of the total US population，Even less。Many people who are considered high -income，Such as a financial industry practitioner bet365 Play online games with an annual salary of hundreds of thousands of dollars，Does not belong to this huge wealth、Groups that have great influence on policies。

From the perspective of data，The crowd has certain concealment。Because we can only estimate their total wealth，It is difficult to get accurate numbers。Tax data can reflect income and wealth，But consider tax evasion、Universality of tax avoidance，The real wealth of the crowd is far more than the number of their tax reporting forms。Gabriel Zucman, an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley in the University of California, Gabriel Zucman, in his book "Who Moved the Country's Cheese: Taxation Paradise Survey"，In -depth inspection of the scale of the global "tax avoidance paradise"、Running and organizational methods and its harm to the world economy。Zukman discovered，In the past 5 years，The wealth hidden in the "tax avoidance paradise" worldwide increased by 25%，At least 7.6 trillion US dollars，Equivalent to 8%of global family financial assets。From the mid -1980s to the present to the present，American companies and personal wealth managed by offshore financial institutions accounted for about 1%in the US stock market value from 1%to 9%。Current，8%of global financial wealth is offshore wealth，Caused at least 190 billion US dollars to tax losses。

​​In terms of political role，The crowd is also a hidden group。Professor Benjamin I. Page, a professor at the Department of Political Science at Northwestern University、Jason Seawright and others revealed in the new book "Billionaires and Hidden Politics"，Although the people are very rarely talked about public policies in the media，but at tax、Immigration、Social Security and other important policy areas，By providing political contributions to political parties、Establish a policy bet365 best casino games advocate agency with a specific position and tendency、Organizational political fundraising activities and other methods，hidden influence policy formulation and political action，Stay away from the public's accountability and inquiry。Of course，There are also a few members of the crowd who deeply feel uneasy about the current situation of US wealth imbalance and seek change。For example，The "Patriotic Millionaires" appealed by the US High -net -worth personal association established in 2010，Establish and implement the equality of political representatives、Salary level meets the basic survival needs of workers、The tax ratio of the rich and large enterprises has significantly increased the public policy compared to the current principles，Construction stable、Prosperous inclusive society。but，The very rich person who supports the concept of social fairness is still rare，There are too many rich people who do not know the public's interests to protect and expand the interests of individuals.。

　　Tax reduction for the rich does not promote economic growth

Chairman and CEO of the US Think Tank Washington Fair Growth Center Heather Boushey said，A well -known theory of Americans is，Tax reduction of the rich and large enterprises can promote investment、Create more employment opportunities、Pull the overall economic growth，benefit all members of the society，Therefore, the wealth inequality in this process is acceptable。This can almost be said to be the "basic narrative" to guide the operation of the US economy。But，Related studies in the past 5 years，Even if you do not consider morality or values，Wealth inequality is also harmful to economic development，It hinders、Twisted、The process of overthrowing the strong and stable growth of the economy。

For the past few decades，The market concentration bet365 best casino games in the United States is rising，Exclusive monopoly and oligoral monopoly increase，Decrease investment。Someone will ask，When the market is dominated by a minority subject，Shouldn't its high profits be further stimulated? But the fact is，Monopiants will try to increase the share they have in existing wealth rather than creating new wealth，Rent -seeking behavior，This leads to waste of resources、Innovation weakness、Social Wealth and Government Revenue Decrease、Injustice deepening。Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz, a professor at the School of International and Public Affairs, who has won the Nobel Prize in Economics and Public Affairs, talked about，Cumulative taxes and rent -seeking are the main reasons for the increasing degree of inequality in the United States，"The upper group learns how to squeeze wealth from others，It is a way that the latter is difficult to detect "。According to Thomas Picati, a professor at the Paris Institute of Economics, France、Research by Emmanuel Saez, a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, show，Since the 1970s，Mei、Britain and other countries have greatly reduced the tax rate for top -level income groups，But the national economic growth has not significantly exceeded other members of the OECD，The growth of income before tax in the top -level income group originated from the increase in their rent -seeking behaviors instead of increasing labor contribution。

Unemployment affects investment，It also affects consumption。Fortune has increasingly concentrated on the direction of the new product development of enterprises，More and more companies will designate very rich people as the target customer group，Introducing various expensive for them、Advanced new products，Costing the needs of the rich rather than the poor。This is for the Bet365 app download poor，The inflation rate of goods and services is higher than the rich。Reminder of Bobisi，A century ago，The United States has introduced laws and regulations that restrict wealth that are overly concentrated，Turns to relax and restraint decades ago，One of the reasons is that many economists have proposed that they can hand over everything to the market，As long as economic growth is not dragged, you don’t have to worry about wealth gaps。The latest research shows，This cognition is wrong，Injection will indeed drag economic growth，Think tanks and academic circles should promptly publicize and explain to policy makers and the public. These research discoveries，Start reflection and solve unequal problems。

　Treatment of wealth imbalance

Institute of Initition of U.S. Think Tank Economic Policy Research, Chuck Collins, director of the common interest project, proposed，If you want to treat US wealth disorders，First of all, realize that inequality is not the result of market force optimization，but a series of rules formulated by the power class。What measures should the United States take，You can review the history of the economic development of the country、Learn from the experience of other developed economies with low degree of inequality to find answers。but，​​Facing obstacles that cannot be underestimated。

The United States has always been a country with a high degree of inequality，The premise is that people feel that the rules are fair、Social flow opportunities are exist。Although there are already studies indicating，Fairness of American social rules is being eroded、Decrease liquidity，"A person's economic situation is what it deserves" still deeply rooted in people's hearts，The reason why the rich is rich is because they are more diligent、Smart、Dare to bear risk, etc.。But，This summary is too simplified。Income due to professional types、bet365 best casino games Education background、Working hours and other gaps are normal，But is the extent that the gap is still normal? 1950s，The salary of the CEO of the American company is about 20 times that of ordinary employees; 2018，CEO's salary is 287 times the ordinary employee。Many rich people like to emphasize their success from personal struggle，No external force，But this kind of remark ignores the social support and promotion of personal success in the society。American technology entrepreneur Marin Rothenberg, at a meeting that opposed the cancellation of heritage tax at a time, talked about it when it was discussed in personally，"My wealth is not only the result of my personal struggle，It also comes from strong economic and large public investment "。

Cruggman told this reporter，From a technical perspective，US wealth disorders are not "terminal illness"，taxes that can "cure diseases"、Finance、There are many social policy tools，The view that "inequality is harmful to economic growth and is harmless" is not a solid scientific basis。Professor of History and Public Policy of Duke University in the United States, Nancy Maclean, told this reporter，The process of treating US wealth imbalances will be difficult，The rich people have captured the US democratic system and determined to manipulate the system to meet personal interests，Methods include combat trade unions and other liberal advocates groups、Implementation of voters suppression、Promote the privatization of public goods、Strive for the actual control of the state legislature and suppress the local political reform forces through the state law。Today's US politics "is 1%of the crowd、Decided by 1%of the crowd、For 1%crowd service "。Current，The rich people try to control US justice with hidden means to continue its economic and political privileges，Only carry bet365 best casino games out in -depth structural reforms，can curb this "dark power"; and，Can't just tax、Employment、Medical Insurance、Action on a single issue such as voting rights，Experts and scholars have the responsibility to warn the US public，Injection has long -term damage to economic growth and democratic systems。

(Newspaper Washington, July 8th)