Sustainable development after more than 40 years of reform and opening up，China's urbanization rate continues to rise。Breaking 50%for the first time in 2011，60%at the end of 2018，Beijing、Shanghai、Guangzhou、Shenzhen and many other big cities exceed 80%。More and more people become urban people，Enjoy the dividend of modern urban civilization，Urban development from the original extension expansion to connotative development transformation。But the expansion and development of the city，Especially various "urban diseases" are eroding the health of the city，From this urgent need of effective urban governance，Further improve the level of urban governance。

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Different from rural society that is decentralized and split，City is a spatial collection of various elements of high degree of aggregation and rapid flow。From the agricultural society to the industrial society or even the post -industrial society，Human society also moves from simple society to complex society。All elements of the city are interconnected、Tightly connect、Mutual dependence，Dress the whole body，As a result, it also brings the vulnerability of the city。These problems are manifested in any element、"lesion" or damage in the link and part of the link，can all cause overall or global consequences，Triplet caused a huge crisis or disaster。Therefore, the faster the urban development、The larger the scale，The higher the degree of organicity、The higher the degree of connection，The higher its vulnerability and risk level。

As a special ecosystem，The city contains diversified and multi -level social subsystems，​​It produces、Development、mutation and decline have complex operating bet365 live casino games mechanisms。Especially with informationization、globalization and network development，The openness of society、Liquidity、Diversified、Heterogeneous、Uncertainty、Unbalance、Unpredictable and uncontrollable are more obvious，Various difficult social problems come all over。For example, traffic congestion、Environmental pollution and public safety, etc.，All have brought many problems and severe challenges to urban governance。These problems are all over the corners of the city，Urgent need to be meticulous、Precision、Effective、Differential and elastic governance。

The current development of Chinese society has entered a new era，National and social development all show many new features。So that traditional extensive management has become increasingly difficult to cope and handle complex and heavy urban management tasks。Especially the rapid development of urbanization has continuously derived complicated governance tasks，And the public also keeps putting on more and higher service requirements，These are all forced urban governance transformation。It is based on the above problems and demands，Refined governance came into being。Refined governance is committed to improving the adaptability of public governance、Accuracy、Effectiveness and benefits。Refined governance has become one of the important ways to deal with the challenge of modern urban governance，It also promotes the modern transformation of national governance to a certain extent。

　Reflecting the spirit of rational and aesthetics

Refined governance is based on the spirit of rationality，Through professional、Scientific means and method，Provide precise and efficient public services，Can solve urban problems in time。Specifically，In terms of concept，Refined governance faithfulness、Professional and science。The core is to pay attention to details，Pay attention to individual and local，Emphasize carefully Bet365 app download calculations、Benefit、meticulous and pursuit of excellence。On the process，Refined governance adheres to the diversified position，Emphasize the extensive participation of social subjects，Integrate a variety of social resources and social forces。Use diversified means at the same time，Bridge difference、Differential and conflict，Realize the co -governance of diversified collaboration。At the result，Refined governance not only pursue the standardization and visibility of the operation process，Also care about the measurement and calculation of the results。It finally achieves full coverage and seamless gap management through the reshaping of the governance process。

Pay attention to individual and local，is the logic origin of refined governance。This contains full recognition and acceptance of individual or local systemic positions，At the same time, it also means that the overall adverse consequences that the individual or local problems may bring。Refined governance emphasizes starting from actual，Pay attention to individual and local needs，Respect personality and differences，Tolerant of others and heterogeneity。Only in -depth focus on individual or local，Clarify the messy and complicated social facts，Only in order to implement subtle and precise management。That's for this，Refined governance Inner place contains people -oriented spirit，Reflecting respect for individuals and their values。

Reason is the kernel of refined governance，Professional and science is a rational implementation form。Professional means to do professional things with professional people，Fully applied professional knowledge and skills; science requires wide use of science and technology，Improve urban governance through the power of technical。Refined governance must respect the laws of urban construction and development，Pay attention to the value of professionals and their knowledge，Reasonable use of science and technology，bet365 Play online games Efforts to improve urban governance。Especially urban governance must also make full use of humanities and other aspects of knowledge，Make the city more tolerant、Fair and "Temperature"，To better meet people's diversified needs。

Urban management should have careful and meticulous aesthetic tendencies，Therefore, in the inherent requirements of the refined governance of urban cities。Refined governance not only advertises the excellent pursuit of excellence，Also derived from beautiful and exquisite aesthetic demands，Among them, safety、Order、Trick and beautiful goals，All with a distinctive aesthetic temperament。This means that we must use a higher and stricter and more desirable standard to lead and improve the practice of urban governance。That's for this，Refined governance is positive、optimistic and upward，Autonomy of reform and development、Consciousness and energy。

In short，The city is special，Even more complicated，Traditional extensive management can no longer adapt to the trend of modern urban development、Features and governance needs。In a highly information -based modern society，Good urban governance must be refined governance，It should be a rational plan、Pay attention to the details of the details，It should also be calm, elegant and beautiful。

　Change thinking pursuit of refinement

In recent years，A wave of refined governance in many cities across the country，Shanghai、Beijing、Chengdu、Chongqing、Xi'an、Dalian、Huzhou、Daqing and other cities，has introduced the standardized documents of refined governance，The content of refined governance almost covers all important areas of urban governance。

City should realize refined governance，You must change your mind。First，The main body of governance must further cultivate professional thinking、Scientific consciousness and serious attitude，Cultural Spirit of Shape Fine Governance。Next，Urban governance Bet365 lotto review should coordinate and coordinate the top -level design，Promote the institutionalization construction at all levels，Establish and improve standardization、Standardized management system，Improve operability and execution。again，Refined governance needs to be fully applied to the Internet、IoT、Modern information technology such as big data and cloud computing，Scientific classification and coding of social facts，Provide information systems and databases that provide refined governance。Last，Governance subjects need to widely apply public opinion survey and negotiation dialogue，The differences in improving public services、Personalization and democracy，Improve the satisfaction of the public。

Based on this，What needs to be considered further is，What exactly is the refined governance，How to achieve the goal of refined governance。These problems are in concept or in practice，All contain many aspects of challenges and paradoxes。Social facts have diversity and complexity，The specific management unit has unlimitedly divided nature，Therefore, what level of details are locked and focused on，There are often controversy and challenges。Especially pay attention to details、Focusing on it from a young age、Pay attention to individual and local，It is likely to cause obsession with individual facts，The eyes were blinded by the local situation，Ignoring the strategic direction and long -term goals of urban governance。

Refined governance is closely linked to the application of science and technology，The application of information technology and its development often require huge investment in financial resources and material resources。But the characteristics of refined governance should be precise and meticulous、Care cost、Pursue benefits。Therefore，Refined governance must not be simply equivalent to the application of information technology。This requires whether the investment bet365 Play online games in resource investment is worth，Is there any meaning。Otherwise, excessive resource investment will be performed in the name of refined governance，will lead to serious waste and inefficiency。

Facing highly subdivided social units to exercise power，Refined governance often requires more humanization and flexibility and flexibility，Therefore, select the governance strategy and method according to the actual situation，Provide subtle and thoughtful services。At the same time，Urban governance also emphasizes the rule of law、institutionalization and standardization，Requires to give management and service objects fair treatment，Prevention of power abuse。but，Humanized service demands and universal rules followed in execution constitute a tension that is difficult to eliminate，Frequently leads to the executor in dilemma，This is a problem that needs to be solved urgently。

Social facts are full of diversity and differences，The cause and effect relationship between social things is even more blurred。Urban governance is by no means an operation in the laboratory，Can't use "chemical reagent" to get the answer。Refined governance is not a simple pursuit of work, plus yield，If the work rhythm is accelerated、Greed up the scope of work、Improve the work limit、Added assessment indicators; it should not be a simple and rude one -size -fits -all，Forced consistent，Diversity and vitality that damage the city。So，Refined governance is not only an increase in quantity，It should be a qualitative optimization，Should leave space for gradient trial and error。

The development of the city needs to be compatible with it，Refined governance is the only way for urban governance to modernize，It is also an important path for building a national governance system and improving national governance capabilities。Urban governance today and the future must be professional、Scientific、Unified accuracy，Follow bet365 best casino games the details at the same time、Focus on benefits and excellence。Based on this，It must give full and moderate concern to the elements of various cities，To prevent the functional disorders of the urban ecosystem，Then comprehensively improve the efficiency and benefits of urban governance。

　(Author Unit: Shanghai Jiaotong University China Institute of Urban Governance、School of International and Public Affairs)