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　　Summary of content:For the social and political ecology of the Southern Song Dynasty，Most of the previous evaluations of academic circles are very low，Mainly believes that: First, politics of power phase，The emperor does not have much power; the second is corruption incompetence，Only enjoy、Not aggressive; Third, there are many taxes，Farmers with heavy burden。But the historical facts tell us，Although there have been four rights in the Southern Song Dynasty, there have been four rights and authority，But in the rule of one and a half century，Emperor still firmly controls the power，Doctors also have a certain right to speak in politics，Although the people's change is continuous，but did not constitute a direct threat to the regime，The entire society looks relatively harmonious。The cause of this political ecology，First, the Southern Song Dynasty adhering to a series of ancestral family laws since the Northern Song Dynasty，Prevent the occurrence of "internal trouble" from the institutional level。Second, pay attention to the education of Confucian morality，Make Zhongjun's patriotic thoughts become a common core values ​​in the society。Third is the "democratization" tendency of the emperor's style，enhanced the internal unity of the ruling group and reducing errors in politics。Fourth is the relatively frugal and care of the people's livelihood，Fighting for the hearts of the people。but，Southern Song Dynasty is a feudal society after all，The existence of its historical limitations，Especially in poor punishment for corruption，Corruption officials rampant，It will inevitably affect the stability of society，Weaken the ability to defense foreign insults。

He Zhongli，Professor of History Department of Zhejiang University，Director of the Southern Song History Research Center of Hangzhou Academy of Social Sciences。email:hehehe38@126.com