"Jiangnan" is not only a geographical concept，It is also a cultural concept。For Chinese Buddhist culture，Jiangnan can be called the birthplace。Liang Qichao thinks，"The historians have been bound by the history of the history of the Hanyu，Followed Buddhism in the north，It is said that Zi Kang Monk will enter Wu，The beginning of Buddhism in Jiangnan。But to say it，Then Buddhism comes from land and from the sea，Its initial base is not in Jingluo and is in Jianghuai "。other，A series of important Buddhist sects were born in Jiangnan area，Ru Tiantai、South Zen、Hua Yanzong, etc.。So，Looking at the history of Buddhism，Jiangnan Buddhism status is prominent。The formation of Jiangnan Buddhism，Geographical Environment with Jiangnan、Political environment、Culture and academic factors related。

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In the eyes of Buddhists，Jiangnan is a symbol of beauty and poetic。For example，Huiyuan believes that natural landscapes are true as、Legality、No、The manifestator of the sex empty body，Is the incarnation of beauty。Because of this，He chose Lushan Shengjing Jian Donglin Temple，"Far Create Square House，Beauty in the mountains，But the peak of the incense burner，Bring the waterfall。Still stacking base，，Qingquan Ring step，Baiyun Mang Room。Repeated Zen forest in the temple，Senshu Ying Ning，stone diameter moss combination，Everyone is looking at the performance，All gods are clear and qi 焉 焉 焉 焉 焉 焉 焉。"，Jin Dynasty monks in Frank，"Sexual Mountain Spring，Multiple rocks "，"Later hearing Jiangdong Mountains and Shui County, Qi Qi，Nai Xu Bao Dong'er，Far attention，Living in Shicheng Mountain Football "。It can be said，It is the bet365 live casino games beautiful natural landscape of Jiangnan，Providing the ideal habitat and training of Buddhists。

More，Ancient Jiangnan，Especially Wuyue area，Marsh Ching Dei，Multiple storms，Water suffer from more，Worm snakes are frequent，The ancestors of Wu Yue could not overcome、Natural phenomena that cannot be explained with fear and mysterious emotions，Culturally, the custom of respecting the ghosts and gods。About this，Historical classics are recorded in many，such as "Huiji Vulgar Winning，Good Buy，Min Yiyi is a cow，Wu Zhu Fu thanked，The people are in fear，Fear of being sneaky，Dare to refuse，It is full of wealthy ghosts，Catable of sacrifice。"(Ying 劭" Customs ")" The customs of Jiangnan，Fire farming，Fish and rice ...，Good worship。"(" Sui Shu · Geography ")" Wu Yue's realm，It is a good sword，Light Dead Easy Sheng。Fire farming，Human Fish and Rice，Home of None of the Gold。Good Witch Ghost，Essence of prostitution。"" (Li Yan's "Taiping Royal Lan") This kind of respect for the ghosts and gods is easy to generate religious psychology，It provides excellent soil for the introduction of Buddhist culture。

　The political environment is relatively stable

Eastern Han Dynasty，Buddhism is introduced into Central Plains，Slowly spread and develop only in the northern land。But in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty，Northern society is turbulent，Battle frequency is still，and the Jiangnan area is relatively stable。So，To avoid war，A large number of Buddhist believers and monks also moved to Jiangnan with the northern immigrants。According to "The Biography of Monk" Volume 1 "Hanluoyang Anqing Biography" records: "Anqing，The word is high ... Youhua China，Xuan Jing's incident，Emperor Ling Emperor，Guan Luo disturb，Nai Zhenxi Jiangnan。"" Based on the "Sanzang Records" Volume 7, the "Ji Shi Len Yan Jing Ji" records: (Zhiqian) "Boil with the late Han Dynasty，Nandu Benwu。The sutras from Huangwu to Jianxing，Bet365 lotto review Every ten volumes，Do not pass a record。"In addition to the northern monk，Stability of Jiangnan、Rich and Beauty，Also attracted monks from other places。Almost at the same time as Zhiqian，Kang Monk will also set up portraits from Jiaozhi to Jianye。Monks from all over the country arrived in Jiangnan，Actively participate in the translation and missionary activities。Zhiqian translated a large number of scrolls，Such as "Daming Du Wu Ji Jing", "Vimor Sutra", "Daming Mud Sutra", "Rui Ying Ben Sutra", "Micro Secret Scripture", etc.，Its translation "Elegant"，Quetis Shengyi "，You can "all over the world"。Zhiqian "Lord Mingben，Therefore wisdom (Prajna) "，Both the characteristics of the characteristics of the attention of Jiangnan Buddhism have a profound impact，It also has a profound influence on the formation of the Buddhist Buddhism in Jiangnan。As Liang Qichao said: "The development of Buddhist teachings in Jiangnan，Using You Po Saiqian as the first merit。"Kang Monk will go to Wu Di，Translated with "Six degrees", "Wu Pin", etc.，His translation with a strong Confucian color，and mixed into the "heaven and human induction" thought，The spread of Buddhism in Jiangnan and the contribution of Buddhism's localization contributions。other，Kang Monk will focus on meditation，The formation of the formation of Jiangnan Zen science is far -reaching。In short，Monks from various places to Jiangnan，Translation of Buddhist scriptures and spreading doctrine，greatly promoted the prosperity of Buddhism in the Jiangnan area。After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty，Because of Jiangnan's political stability and economic prosperity，"Religious culture also tilted with it，Jiangnan has become the most prosperous area of ​​Buddhism "。

In addition to political stability，Emperor's room of the Jiangnan dynasties，Most attitude towards Buddhism。Three Kingdoms Soochow period，Sun Quan's "Zeng Qian Pet Bonus" on the missionary of Bet365 app download Jiangnan，Later, build a tower for the Kang Monk Council，No. Jianchu Temple，"From Jiangzuo Dafa Suixing"。Emperor Liang Wu of the Southern Dynasty admired Buddha，Even the body of Tongtai Temple is slave，Let's trust the firmness of the Buddha。Jiangnan Wuyue Wang Qianzhang even "tasted the deeds of Mama Ayaka，Eighty -four thousand pagodas，China Tibetan "Bao Yan Yinxin Mantra"，Guangzhi。"The rulers of the rulers，It is undoubtedly an important factor that Jiangnan Buddhism can be circulated。

　Cultural gifts and reunion

Compared with Central Plains Culture，Jiangnan Culture "Light Ceremony and Happy"，The restraint of young traditional thoughts，Features with "openness and inclusiveness"。People in the Jiangnan area are easy to accept foreign culture，This is an important condition that Jiangnan Buddhism can be introduced and emerged。Buddhism and Confucianism，One is the ideological system for birth，One is the ideological system for joining the WTO。Therefore, when Buddhism was first introduced into China，Various contradictions with Confucianism，Agisited by the Confucian Doctor，The scope of communication is not wide。but，Buddhism spreads to Jiangnan，The situation is different。Qian Daxin, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, pointed out，"After the Emperor Hanming, the Dharma began to enter China，But the Chinese have no acquisition。After Jin Nangdu，Shi Shi Shi Sheng "。Of course there are reasons for Buddhism in Buddhism，But the impact of the cultural characteristics of Jiangnan cannot be ignored。Jiangnan area is far from Central Plains，The constraints of Confucianism have less impact，Thought is relatively open and free，Therefore, it is easier to accept new ideas、New Concept。Even then the Jiangnan regional Taoism prevailed，Local God worship is the wind，But people did not refuse the entry of Buddhist culture，On the contrary，They accept Buddhism in a tolerant way。For example，The Shangshu Ling of the Bet365 app download Soochow of the Three Kingdoms period has a high evaluation of Buddhism，It is believed that Confucianism and Taoism are subject to heaven，Buddhism "Pursuing Heavenly Law，Dare to violate the Buddha "。Another example，People in the Jiangnan area have a salute to Buddhists。According to the sixth record of Volume Sixth Volume，Xie An in the Eastern Jin Dynasty served as Wu Xing Taishou，Very respect Zhu Fa Kuang。Fa Kui lives in the mountains，Xie An "Therefore, to show respect。and mountain hammer，The car is not the same，So I solve the pepper，Lingfeng step "。

In addition to open features，Jiangnan culture also has flexible and poetic aesthetic characteristics。Ivory carving "Bird Day" pattern unearthed from the Humatu site and the exquisite ceramics unearthed from the Liangzhu site、soft，Can be evidence of flexible culture。Another，Under the fumigation of "Xinghua Chunyu"，Jiangnan Culture's aesthetic temperament of "Vietnamese is famous and appoints nature"。Brief words，Fresh and gentle、Beyond practical utilitarian、Pursue spiritual personality consciousness，is the core of Jiangnan's cultural aesthetic spirit。Jiangnan Culture and Buddhism collide and combine，produced "more naturalization、Jiangnan Buddhism。So，Jiangnan Buddhism (especially Jiangnan Zen) presented by the humanization aesthetic tendency，The influence of Jiangnan's poetic culture has a great relationship。

　Metaphysics Localization of Buddhism

Jiangnan Academic provides support for the formation of Jiangnan Buddhist thoughts。Eastern Han Dynasty，Social turmoil，Han Dynasty Classics Study Township Fast，Wei Jin Xuanxue came into being。to the "Yongjia Rebellion" period，Jinshi Nanku，Xuan Tan's wind also moved to Jiangnan。Jiangnan Square metaphysics prevail，This greatly promotes the prosperity of Buddhism。First, the influence of theory and speculation。Xuanxue adopted the way of philosophical speculation，Exploring the relationship bet365 best casino games between Confucian "famous religion" and "nature" of the Taoist family。So，Metaphysics is speculative color。Buddhist Prajna Xue and metaphysics are quite similar。Prajna，The free translation is "wisdom"，Knowing the wisdom of Buddhist truth。Buddhist monks and laymen use the "grid" method，Eliminate the gap between metaphysics and Buddhism，Make China State Hua。Six Six Sentences of Prajna Learning，Mainly three main factions: "Benwo", "See" and "No Heart"，It is obviously influenced by the "expensive" theory and "independent" theory in Wei and Jin Xue。The second is the metaphysics of Buddhism。During the process of Chineseization，Gradually flowing with Wei Jin Xuanxue。Monks comment "Prajna Study"，Most of the taste of metaphysics。For example，Huiyuan explained a large number of metaphysics concepts to explain "Nian Buddha San Mo": "What is the man who is called the Samadhi?。Si Sheng，Zezhi does not distinguish。I want to silence，。qi deficiency，Then wisdom to realize its photo。Shenlang，If there is nothing。"Hui Yuan explained that Buddhist thought，But there is a trace of the thoughts of Lao Zhuang Qing Qing Xuan Xuan between the lines。Different ideas of metaphysics can be responded in Prajna Studies，The latter gradually becomes the manifestation of Jiangnan Buddhism。Under the influence of metaphysics，Jiangnan Buddhism，How light wind，Multi -philosophical and speculative characteristics。

Except Wei Jin Xuexue，Wang Yangming of Yuyao from Zhejiang in the Ming Dynasty also affects Jiangnan Buddhism.。Wang Yangming Heart Learning，On the one hand, affected by the "mind" of Buddhism，Emphasize the function of the heart，Even once called "Yangming Zen"; on the other hand,，Wang Yangming's heart learning emphasizes the liberation of human nature，Proposal to lift the external restraint of the human heart，Instead, it affects the human free thought in Jiangnan Zen。Scholar He Jun believes: Bet365 lotto review "The rise of Wang Yangming's mind，promoted the liberation of thought after the middle of the Ming Dynasty。This ideological liberation is undoubtedly stimulating the development of Buddhism，Zen style after the middle of the Ming Dynasty，is its display example。"Shimba in this words。

A word to cover it，Jiangnan Buddhism in the geographical environment of Jiangnan、Political environment、Culture and academic factors under the comprehensive influence，Forming a non -heavy practice、Chong Shi Si、Multi -poetic aesthetic features。

　(This article is the Studies of Jiangnan Buddhism and the Study on the Modern Writers of the two Zhejiang "(15BZW160) in the National Social Science Foundation project (15BZW160)

(Author Unit: School of Humanities at Hangzhou Normal University)