The concept of Jishizuka，There are different definitions in the academic community。The Qishi Mound mentioned in this article，Simply put，refers to the orderly arrangement of several tombs、The tomb shape of the stone on the tomb。

Jishizuka found in the Liaodong Peninsula area，Mainly concentrated in the south of Yingkou，Some are named after a independent mountain peak，Some are the Jijishi Tingqun composed of connected or adjacent mountains。Unfortunately，I have been discovered for more than a hundred years since Qishi Tie on the Peninsula Liaodong Peninsula，About its distribution、Times、Nature、installment、Source and other questions，There is no clear understanding，Research is still lagging。

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For the data, see the Ji Shizhu of the newspapers，It mainly includes the Shiping Mountain Jishi Mound of Ganjingzi District, Dalian，from Donghu Lushan、Wenjiatun Jiji formed by Dongda Mountain and Zhang Tomb Houshan、Anshan Mountain Jijishi、Stone mound on the post、Building stone mound upstairs，Yushan Mountain in Lushunkou District, Dalian City、Lao Tieshan · General Mountain Jaishi Tie composed of Beishan and General Mountain of Diaojia Village、Yujia Village 砣 积，Wang Baoshan Jijishi Tie in Jinzhou New District, Dalian City、Zhangjialan Houshan Jishi Jizhi、Tulongzi Jishi Town、Wolongquan Jijishi Tie，12 places such as Jizhizuka, Wafangdian City, Dalian City。

The above except Zhangjialan's Hou Mountain accumulation is distributed outside the Yellow Sea，The rest are distributed on the coast of the Bohai Sea。The distribution of Qishizuka on the Liaodong Peninsula，The northernmost point is located on the Wafang Store on the west coast Bet365 app download of the Bohai Sea，The southernmost end is located in Dalian Lushunkou District, which is located in the Yellow Bohai Sea dividing line，and concentratedly distributed on the coast of the Bohai Sea。Before the foundation of Zhangjialan Hou Mountain，The academic community is generally believed that the Qishizuka of the Liaodong Peninsula is all distributed on the Bohai Sea coast，Its discovery has changed the understanding of the academic community。This also realized that the academic circles later realized that Jishizuka was in the Linghe area of ​​Linghe from western Liaoning，spread through the Liaodong Peninsula to the Korean Peninsula，Provided solid material support。

About the Time Question of Jishi Tie on the Peninsula of Liaodong，Some scholars think，Siping Mountain Jijishizuka and Wenjiatun Jishuka era are equivalent，About Dawenkou Culture to the middle of Longshan Culture in the late period; but at the same time, some scholars believe that，Siping Mountain Jijishi Tie and Wenjiatun Jishuzu。and the era of the old Tieshan · General Mountain，Some scholars believe that it is the cultural period of the upper layer of Xiaozhu Mountain，But more and more scholars think，Tomb that belongs to the first phase of Shuangzi。

Based on the newly excavated and discovered Jishuzuka materials in recent years，What can be determined is，Siping Mountain Jijishizuka and Wenjiatun Jishi Tie should be the fifth phase of Xiaomu Mountain; Anshan Mountain Jishuizhu is extended from the fifth period of the small Zhuoshan to the first phase of Shuangzi; Xiaozhu Mountain Five Phase Culture、The first phase of the twin sister -in -law and the third phase of the twin sister -in -laws; Tulongzi Jijishi Tie is the tomb of the third -phase three -phase culture of Shuangzi;、Upstairs Jijishizuka and Wolongquan Jishuzuka are late to double -house culture period。

Current，Can't determine whether the Shiping Mountain Jijishizuka and Wenjiatun Jijishi can reach the Xiaozhu Mountain Fourth Cultural Period of the Late Da Wenkou Culture。Bet365 lotto review But the era of the northern part of the Liaodong Peninsula，According to the survey data, it shows，Its collection is a pot of pottery tank with a sliding stone with a stacked stacked pattern，Have the cultural characteristics of the fourth phase of Xiaoli Mountain，and there is no characteristic of Longshan culture at all。This discovery provides us with a very precious clue for knowing the source of the Qishi Tie of the Liaodong Peninsula。The formation of the above understanding，It also shows that the era of Qishizuka on the Liaodong Peninsula is not limited to the Bronze Age，It can be completely early to the Neolithic Age。

　　Archaeological evidence of the source

Most scholars speculate，The Qishi Tie of the Liaodong Peninsula originated from the Hongshan Cultural Jishi Tie in the west of Liaoning，Some scholars think，Qishizuka on the Liaodong Peninsula was born at the southern end of the Liaodong Peninsula，Communication to the north。But the original understanding，Its speculative ingredients are heavier，We now have a certain degree of archeological evidence support for our understanding of this problem。

It one，The form of tombs such as Jishizuka in the Liaodong Peninsula area is about 4500-4000 years away，and the earliest Neolithic Archeology culture in the East Liaodong Peninsula area is about 7000 years ago, Xiaomu Mountain No. 1 Culture，For more than 2,000 years since then，Not only does not have the tomb form of Jishizuka，and hardly found tombs。So it can be said，The tomb form of Jishizuka is not a local cultural factors in the Liaodong Peninsula area。In the surrounding area that appeared in Jishi Town, Liaodong Peninsula -Hongshan Culture in the western Liaoning area, there is a tomb form of Jishizuka，Remove the differences in details in the Qishizu of the two places，It can be determined that there is a certain connection between the two。

Its two，Judging from the discovery of Hongshan Culture，Existing from the early and middle periods bet365 live casino games with the Siramulan River and the Laoha River Basin as the center，Obvious signs of transferring to the Linghe Basin to the Linghe River in the late period。The late Stone Tie of Hongshan Culture is represented by the large Jijishi Tie found by the Niuheliang site。Not only this，From the carbon fourteen annual data，The half -La Mountain Jishi Mountain Tie at the east of the Niuhe Liang site is slightly later than the Niuheliang Jizhi，Its era is about 5000 years from the moment。This indicates，Hongshan Cultural Jijishi Mound has a significant trend from west to east。

Its three，In the Liaodong Peninsula area，New Stone Mound of the New Stone Age that can be confirmed，There is a Shiping Mountain Jishi Town at the southern end、Wenjia Tun Jijishi、Anshan Mountain Jijishi and Wang Baoshan Jijishi，Times Xiazhu Mountain Fifth Cultural Period，About 4300-4100 years away from today。And now the northernmost part of the Wafangdian island Jishi Takura，According to the survey data, it shows that it belongs to the fourth period of Xiaozhu Mountain。The carbon fourteen measurement annual data of the fourth phase of Xiaolushan is about 4500-4300 years away。This shows the significant signs of the development of the Jijishizuka from the east bank of the Bohai Sea from north to south。At the same time，In the first period of cultural period of the double sister -in -law in the Bronze Age，Anshan Mountain on the east coast of the Bohai Sea、Wang Baoshan and Old Tieshan · General Mountain，There are a tomb form such as Jishizuka，and at the Hou Mountain of Zhangjialan, the north bank of the Yellow Sea in Golden State, Dalian，It also found the Qishi mound distributed on the coast of the Yellow Sea for the first time。This discovery basically outlines the Qishizuka of the Liaodong Peninsula on the east of the Bohai Sea from north to south、Then the movement trajectory developed from the west along the north bank of the Yellow Sea。

Four，According to the bet365 best casino games relevant report，The Shinshi Prefecture of the Korean Peninsula was in the late period of Shinjima Takashima、In the early days of the Bronze Age, Ishizuka, Shencun, Huangzhou County, Qi Shizuka，similar to the shape of the Qishi Tie on the Liaodong Peninsula。Testing through carbon fourteen measuring，Yajima Jishi Tzuka is about 1500 BC 1000 BC，The era when the relics unearthed from Jishizuka in Shencun were the earliest than the second phase of the twin sister -in -law。The era of the three Jishizuka mentioned above does not exceed 3900 years today，The time later than the time when the Qishizuka Liaodong Peninsula Peninsula appeared，and the accumulation of time in Jijianshan, which is distributed on the north bank of the Yellow Sea.。

Its five，Linghe River Basin Hongshan Cultural Jijishi、Qishizuka on the Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula，Mainly distributed in the Bohai Sea、Mountains along the Yellow Sea、Gaogang and the coastal area of ​​the offshore，This may indicate that the spread of Jishizuka is mainly through the sea roads on the coastal coastline and the waterway along the river.。Hongshan Culture Jijishi Tie from the north bank of the Bohai Sea，Go to the fourth phase of Xiaozhu Mountain, Liaodong Peninsula、Fifth Phase Cultural Jiming Stone Mound，Then to the Bronze Age of the Korean Peninsula in the early days of Jishi Mound，Not only does it have time in time，Continuous distribution on the route，It can completely outline the propagation path and time node of the cultural relics such as Jijishizu。

　　The hub in the cultural exchanges of Northeast Asia

Hongshan Cultural Jijishi Tie not only has the nature of the tomb，Sacrifice means very strong，So some scholars think，Hongshan Cultural Jishi also has a sense of God。Qishuzuka on the Peninsula Liaodong Peninsula has no significant sacrifice relics，It should belong to the family cemetery。The nature of Jishizuka on the Korean Peninsula shall be the same as that of the Qishi Tie of the Liaodong Peninsula。The bet365 Play online games production of this difference，It should be caused by the difference between the status of the tomb owner of the Jishi Tomple。Hongshan Cultural Jijishi Ting should be the tomb form after the death of the upper layers in different levels of communities in large and small levels，and the Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula Jishizuka should be a family cemetery that is regardless of status，This change is epoch -making。The former has the nature of the "cemetery" described in "Zhou Li"，The latter has the nature of "Bange Tomb" described in "Zhou Li"。

Judging from the spread of Jijishizuka，The Liaodong Peninsula is in the middle of the Liaoning West to the Korean Peninsula。Not only the spread of Jishi Tzu，Like the "" Zhi "tube -shaped tank、The spread of Su Zuo agriculture from western Liaoning，All follow this route，and the Liaodong Peninsula area is on the east end of the so -called "North Prairie Silk Road"，Geographical location prominent，Then it becomes connected from western Liaoning to the Korean Peninsula、The hub of cultural exchanges in Northeast Asia spread on the Japanese islands。At the same time，The Neolithic Times began to pass the Liaodong Peninsula from the Liaodong Peninsula、The so -called "Northern Maritime Silk Road" that has been widely connected in the Japanese islands is also based on the Liaodong Peninsula as the hub。This long distance、The extensive cultural exchanges of North and South laid the hub status of the Liaodong Peninsula in the Northeast Asian cultural circle。

my country's "Belt and Road" initiative has been proposed，Get more and more positive response and participation in more and more countries and regions，Cultural communication、The mutual benefit of the economy is the key fulcrum for establishing a community of human destiny。From the perspective of communication, the status of the Liaodong Peninsula area in the cultural exchange of ancient Northeast Asia，For the establishment of Northeast Asian culture Bet365 app download centered on the Liaodong Peninsula、Economic cooperation mechanism，It has important enlightenment meaning。

(This article is the major project of the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base "Northeast: Culture、Shengye、Social Research "(17jjd780002)、The "Xlyc1804015) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of History, Culture and Tourism, Liaoning Normal University)