Bronze wares are one of the important categories of ancient Chinese cultural relics，Especially Xia Shang Wednesday generation，Created the peak of the brilliant and splendid ancient Chinese bronze civilization。Ancient bronze wares unearthed from the world and archeology are huge，So study bronze and inscriptions，It is an important path for us to understand and understand ancient history and culture。Li Xueqin's proposal，Bronze wares should be based on shape、decoration、Inscription、Five aspects of function and process，Comprehensive research and identification。(Li Xueqin's "Research on Bronze and its Outlook"，"Tianjin Museum of History Museum", No. 4, 1994; "Five aspects of Bronze Research from Yangjia Village in Mei County"，"Cultural Relics World", No. 1, 2005) This is the most scientific summary of bronze research theories and methods at present。Based on this，I think，Bronze Inscription Study Study Study from Drag、Interpretation、Text and other basic links start with basic links，Banning is the foundation and the first priority。

　　Bet365 lotto review

Some time ago，Many WeChat platforms are all reported、Forward an important discovery，The Han Dynasty bronze Benma unearthed from the Han Tomb of the Wuwei Litai, commonly known as "Ma Steel Feiyan"，The birds on the horseshoe are not swallows，but the eagle of power symbol in the crown of the Huns，Ben Ma is a well -trained military horse produced Bet365 lotto review in Hexi in the Han Dynasty。The theme of the bronze sculpture of "Mata Flying Eagle" is the same as the stone carvings in front of the Huoju disease tomb in Shaanxi，All commemorative sculptures for the owner of the tomb to defeat the Huns。Therefore，"Mata Feiyan" should be renamed "Ma Ste Hun Eagle"。(Ning Qiang's "Mada Feiyan" copper Benma should be renamed "Matsteen Hun Eagle" "

Ningqiang thinks，The birds stepped under the copper buns are not a swallow of the tail splitter，but a eagle，This may not make sense。Many years ago，I have written a small text of "Release Eagle"，The writing of the early "Eagle" in the ancient text is actually the pictograph of the eagle，That is usually so -called pictographs。To prove this，In the text, the image of many eagles unearthed from prehistoric to the Warring States Period is evident。According to the physical object of the eagle in the unearthed cultural relics，The main features of the eagle are roughly three: one is the hook beak; the other is a wide wings; the third is the eagle tail connected and relatively short，Long and split -long and split -long is very different。According to these characteristics of the eagle，Birds stepped under the copper horsesho or as Ning Qiang said，Eagle instead of Yan。

Ningqiang thinks，The Xiongnu during the Qin and Han dynasties was the enemy of the Central Plains dynasty，The age of the Han Tomb of Wuwelli Terrace is the late Eastern Han Dynasty，The owner of the tomb is a general named Zhang，Maybe he has set up war skills when fighting against the Huns。The bronze sculpture of the "Matsteen Hun Eagle" in the tomb and the huge bronze military guard Bet365 app download in the tomb，Theme is celebrating victory，The birds stepped under the horseshoe are the eagle of power symbol of power on the crown of the Huns (the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Ikzo League Hangqin Banner Aru Cae -State Tomb unearthed on the Golden Crown of the Xiongnu as the eagle symbol of the king)，Benma is the military horse produced in the Han Dynasty in the Han Dynasty。The meaning of the bronze sculpture of "Mata Flying Eagle"，When Emperor Hanwu, he led the army to occupy the Hexi Corridor and entered the desert north to defeat the Huns、The stone carving "Matsteo Huns" in front of Huo Qubing's Tomb of Huo Qubing's illness is the same，All commemorative sculptures for the owner of the tomb to defeat the Huns。

　　Dragoning basis

"Mata Feiyan" was unearthed in 1969，Reading of its name and meaning，The academic community has always been arguing。Guo Moruo named it "Ma Sa Fei Yan"，After that, there are many titles and explanations such as "Copper Benma", "Horse Charlong", "Flying Sky", "Horse", "Horse God Tianya", "Leaping Copper Horse", "Tianma Catching Wu"。

If the martial arts M1 period of the device comes from the M1 period, it is indeed Donghan，So the actual image of the bird stepped from the horseshoe、History and time and space background at that time，and the Han and Wei dynasties in the Hexi Corridor's tombs in the Han and Wei dynasties are mostly based on realistic themes，Ning Qiang, etc. explained it as the same as the stone statue "Matsteen Hun" in front of the Huo Qubu's tomb，It is used to commemorate the merit of the tomb owner to defeat the Huns，Compared with the mythical themes and background commentary of mythical themes and bet365 Play online games backgrounds such as "Ma Chao Long Bark", "Tianma Catch Uka", "Ma Shen Tian Ji"，It seems more reasonable and credible。

but but，To completely figure out this problem，First of all, I still have to solve the problem of the ages of the device。

"Ma Sa Feiyan" comes from Wuwei Leitai tomb，Series discovered and discovered in October 1969 (Gansu Provincial Museum "Wuweaitai Han Tomb"，"Journal of Archeology" 1974, No. 2)。Since it is spontaneous，The issue of its era has a lot of controversy in the academic world，There are two main opinions，One is considered to be the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty，Another proposition is the late Western Jin Tomb，It has been arguing for decades。(Wangke Society's "Wuweitai M1 unearthed silver printing read and the tomb owner identity exploration"，"Culture Expo" 2020, No. 2) The tomb is partially excavated，But the overall preservation is better，Rich in cultural relics，There are also some text materials，Provides the accurate judgment of the age of the tomb。

He Shuangquan、Wu Rongzeng、Sun Ji、Guo Yongli and other scholars have been based on tombs and typical utensils such as five baht.，Research its age is Western Jin。He Shuangquan thinks，"It should be in the end of the end of the Jin Dynasty，That is the first year of Emperor Jianxing (313) "。Wangke Club reads four silver seals unearthed from the tomb as "Anxi General Seal", "Zhenxi General Charter", "Car Riding General", "Circular Rider"，From the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty。Among the characters related to Wuwei or Liangzhou，Only Zhang Rou once owned four generals of "General bet365 Play online games Anxi", "General Zhenxi", "General of the Riding", "General of the Rider"，It can be presumed that the owner of the m1 tomb of Wuwei Ringtai is Zhang Rail，During the specific age, it should be Zhang Cai's death，That is the two years of Jianxing, Emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty。

Therefore，Examination from the shape of the tomb and the burial utensils，This tomb should be Western Jin，can be fixed。So，As the average researcher thinks，The burial items from the tomb should be similar to the tomb era，and "Mata Feiyan"，Obviously the Western Jin Dynasty instead of Eastern Han。Look back and look at it，The era of the tomb of the East Han Dynasty was the background，Name it "Ma Sa Fei Yan"，Or now Ningqiang and other claims that they are renamed "Matsteen Hun Eagle"，Naturally, the prerequisite for the establishment of Lai Yi，The so -called difference，Multi -Millennium。

　　Tianma Catchwu

The accurate meaning of "Mata Feiyan"，It also needs to be combined with the time and space background of the tomb and utensils，Re -reflection。Cao Dingyun thinks，The "bird" stepped on by the copper Benma is actually "black", that is, "crow"，Representative myth、The legendary "crow" is "sun"。Figure from Zhejiang Longyou Grottoes，It can be proved that Wuwei Lei Bet365 lotto review Terrace Ben Ma Copper should be "Tianma Catch Uku";，"Thousand Miles" with a very fast running speed，This horse is born，It really originated from the "Tianma" in the sky，It is the "Thousands of Miles" in the "Thousands of Miles" in the "Tianma" in the sky (Cao Dingyun's "Wuweitai Benma Copper Capital"，"Guangming Daily" August 5, 2003; "Wuweai Terrace Ben Ma Copper Capital" should be "the origin and development of" Tianma "，"Archeology and Cultural Relics" 2004, No. 4)。From the shape of the utensil、The age of the tomb and the background of the time and space at that time，In the existing various statements，It seems that it is most suitable for actual，It should be the most reasonable explanation at present。

Visible，When researching the unearthed information，Age is the first problem to be solved first，Only the unearthed cultural relics text materials are placed on a specific era and time and space background to inspect，can we get conclusions that consistent with the facts，Accurately reveals the mystery of ancient history，Interpretation of the password of civilization，Otherwise, you will Zhang Guanli、Similar to not，Cause adverse effects。

With the development of related disciplines such as archeology and ancient Chinese characters，Bronze wares have made important progress。Although the information that can be compared now is very rich，But the problem of the interrogation is still very prominent，Some basic problems have not been solved yet，There are even a lot of confusion，There are many basic tasks to do，Need to attach great importance。

Above the example of "Ma Sa Fei Yan" above，It is not difficult to find，Bronze wares should first be based on archeological type，First determine its general era，Research on ancient texts and other studies to demonstrate and deepen (Li Xueqin's "Top Ten topics of Bronze Installation Research"，"Research on Chinese History" 2005 additional bet365 live casino games issue)，Sometimes you need to use some necessary technical means，Make a replenishment with the conclusion obtained with traditional methods，complement each other。

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture of Lanzhou University)