Mao Zedong’s bet365 sign up bonus code is extremely original，But this ingenuity has long been largely ignored。The reason why it was ignored，Due to the French materialist interpretation and Hegelian interpretation of Marx’s bet365 sign up bonus code。In these two types of interpretations，Because a series of original concepts of Mao Zedong’s bet365 sign up bonus code cannot be included，It can only "cut" its unique "foot" to fit the given "foot"。However，Mao Zedong’s extremely original bet365 sign up bonus code is not only a huge innovative contribution to Marxist bet365 sign up bonus code，More in-depth sinicization of Marxism，Creating a Chinese-style Marxist dialectical system opens up an extremely broad theoretical horizon。For the Chinese people who are currently struggling to explore the road to building philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics，This is a rare theoretical treasure，It is urgent to re-explore and understand and exploit it in depth。

　　Mao Zedong’s dialectics is a dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code

The reason why the originality of Mao Zedong’s dialectics has been ignored for a long time，Forced into French materialist interpretation and Hegelian interpretation，The fundamental reason is that Mao Zedong’s dialectics is a dialectics as practical bet365 sign up bonus code，Previous interpretations of Marx’s dialectics，Whether it is French materialism，Still Hegelian，They are all limited to the traditional perspective of dialectics as theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。Such a popular interpretation perspective naturally cannot understand the uniqueness of Mao Zedong’s dialectics，Therefore, it can only be cured in some way，To facilitate inclusion in popular interpretations。Admittedly，In recent years, many commentators have discussed Mao Zedong’s Dialectics of Practical bet365 sign up bonus code，But such discussions often talk too broadly about practical bet365 sign up bonus code，without distinguishing between practical bet365 sign up bonus code and theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code，The difference between the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code and the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code discussed is still vague。Obviously，This general discussion is far from enough to clarify the significant innovation of Mao Zedong’s dialectics and the possibility of significant changes in the vision of Marxist dialectics。Therefore，We must first clarify in what sense Mao Zedong’s dialectics is a dialectics as practical bet365 sign up bonus code。

This must start with the difference between practical bet365 sign up bonus code and theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。The clear distinction between these two kinds of bet365 sign up bonus code begins with Aristotle。Aristotle divides human activities into speculation or theory、Practice、Three basic ways to create or make。The fundamental difference lies in the different object domains: the object of speculation or theory is "eternal things" that "exist unconditionally out of necessity"，The opposite activity mode "both creation and practice take variable things as objects"。But given that in modern philosophy，especially in the philosophy of Hegel and Marx，The hierarchical distinction between practice and creation in Aristotle (the purpose of the former is within the activity，The purpose of the latter is outside the activity) is no longer true，Creative or material production labor is regarded as the most basic human practice，Then Aristotle’s tripartite division of human activities can be simplified into two divisions: theory and practice。This way，This further demonstrates the contrast between theory and practice based on the eternity and variability of their objects。Since the fundamental difference between theory and practice lies in the eternity and variability of their respective objects，Then，The fundamental difference between theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code and practical bet365 sign up bonus code naturally stems from this。Since the object of theory is eternal，Theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code is the grasp of this object，The way it is grasped is the category or concept, which is naturally eternal；Since the object of practice is variable，Then practical bet365 sign up bonus code as the grasp of this object，The way of grasping it must naturally have some variability or non-eternity。In other words，Dialectics as theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code is the grasp of eternal objects with unchanging categories；Dialectics as practical bet365 sign up bonus code is the grasp of changeable things in a certain way。

Understand this，It is not difficult for us to see in what sense Mao Zedong’s dialectics is completely different from dialectics as theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code、Dialectics as practical bet365 sign up bonus code。Start here from "On Contradiction" which is a concentrated expression of Mao Zedong's dialectics。According to Aristotle’s distinction between theory and practice based on the eternity and variability of objects，We see，"On Contradiction" first sets up a changeable world。This point is what Althusser calls "three very noteworthy new categories" of Mao Zedong's dialectics of contradiction，That is, the difference between the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction, the difference between the main aspect and the secondary aspect of the contradiction, and the theory of unbalanced development of contradictions。Since "a big thing，In its development process，Contains many contradictions"，Then，This is revealed，The world as its object in "On Contradiction"，It is a world of "many" or "many" that cannot be reduced to "one" or a single comprehensive "one-whole"。Because only in the heterogeneous "many" world，It is possible for multiple contradictions to coexist，Only then can there be a distinction between primary contradictions and secondary contradictions，Only then can there be a distinction between the main aspects of contradictions and the secondary aspects of contradictions，There will be changes due to the main contradiction and the main aspects of the contradiction，The "contradictory and uneven development" caused by this is also the change of things。And if the opposite is true，Set its object to "one" or "one-all"，Then any real change is logically impossible。

Since the object of practice is the variable "many" world，The dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code as a way to grasp it is to grasp the conditions under which the actual things of the object change。And since the object is changeable，The way to grasp it must accordingly be adapted to this variability。What should be noted here is，The grasp of changeable objects by the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code，It is not the opposite of the eternal object grasped by the eternal and unchangeable category concept of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code dialectics，To grasp objects with changing categorical concepts。Because this will make the words that represent the concept lose certainty，Therefore, it is impossible to grasp the object。Therefore，Adapt to object variability，What is needed is not a change in the concept itself，But let the categorical concepts with definite meanings be able to accommodate changes in objects。This is the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction、Represented by the two pairs of corresponding categories of the main aspect and the secondary aspect of the contradiction and the "unbalanced development" in which they "exchange their positions" in development。We see，Different from the universal and the particular in theoretical dialectics、Essence and Phenomenon、Necessity and freedom are only suitable for opposing categories that describe immutable objects，Main contradiction and secondary contradiction、Main and secondary aspects of contradiction，Conceptual categories such as contradictory and uneven development are suitable for describing the development and changes of things。It is precisely by means of the "unbalanced development" of "exchange of positions" between these corresponding category concepts，The changes in things are also shown。

Dialectics as practical bet365 sign up bonus code is naturally not satisfied with just describing the changes in things，But through the understanding of the changing conditions of things，Looking for changes in things involved，In order to achieve the fundamental mission of Marxism with the aim of changing the world。Mao Zedong’s analysis of the universality and particularity of contradictions and their relationship in "On Contradictions"，Especially for the main contradictions and secondary contradictions、Analysis of "unbalanced development" in which the main and secondary aspects of the contradiction "exchange their positions"，It is precisely a set of methodological principles of practical bet365 sign up bonus code for guiding the actions of changing the world that are provided to the practicing subjects of the Chinese revolution。

Obviously，Only in the above sense，Only can we say that Mao Zedong’s dialectics is a dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code that is different from the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。

　　The foundation of Chinese thinking style of Mao Zedong’s bet365 sign up bonus code

In the history of Western philosophy，Although Aristotle has long proposed the concept of practical bet365 sign up bonus code，And gave a rather systematic description of it (in a sense, Aristotle’s relevant analysis can also be considered as a dialectic of practical bet365 sign up bonus code)，But in the history of Western philosophy，Especially in the history of modern philosophy，What dominates is the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。Contrary to the world of variability posited by practical bet365 sign up bonus code，In mainstream Western philosophy since Plato，As the object of its theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code dialectics is a world that is ultimately "one-whole"。Whether it is Plato’s “idea” as the original source，The “God” of Christian Creation，Hegel’s “Absolute Spirit”，They are all unique original existence，The real world of “many” is attributed to the derivatives of the “one” existence。Under the control of this dialectic，Even in the practical field，It is also constructed in the form of theoretical dialectics。In this way，Asked a question，That is why Mao Zedong’s dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code appears in the Marxist philosophical sequence derived from the Western tradition？

About this question，The answer seems to be only，The profound sinicization of Marxism in China’s traditional way of thinking。If so，It means that there is a certain closeness between the traditional Chinese way of thinking and the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code，Or，Chinese traditional way of thinking compared to Western way of thinking，Objects more suitable for grasping changes，More suitable for constituting concrete practical bet365 sign up bonus code，Rather than abstract theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。About the differences or differences between Chinese and Western ways of thinking，People have discussed it a lot，But Zhang Dongsun’s statement seems to be more accurate: Chinese philosophy “focuses on Becoming but not on Being”；The result is that "Western philosophy always asks directly behind something；The Chinese only talk about the relationship between one image and other images。For example, one yang, one yin, one closing and one opening。Anyway，Westerners go straight through，The Chinese are involved horizontally... The Chinese think that it is enough to have an image and related changes between the images"。One is "straight through"，One is "horizontal involvement"，This comparison can be said to vividly illustrate the differences between Chinese and Western ways of thinking。Since "Western philosophy always asks directly behind something" and "penetrates directly"，Then，This questioning must be to attribute the origin of all things that appear as "many" to some kind of "one-whole"，Such as "idea", "absolute spirit", etc.，Consider all things as the derivation or "construction" of this "one-whole"。Obviously，This is the basic way of grasping objects through the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。Since the Chinese way of thinking is "horizontally involved" in that it "only talks about the relationship between one image and other images"，Then the premise of this thinking can only be a "many" world where multiple contradictions or things coexist，The purpose of thinking is not to reduce it to an unchanging existence，Just to grasp its changes，i.e. "Becoming"，To seize the opportunity，Follow the trend，To effectively change the world。It’s not hard to see，Mao Zedong’s main contradiction、Main aspects of contradiction，And the contradictory theory of unbalanced development，It is the Chinese way of thinking that is rooted in the above description。This also explains why the dialectic of practical bet365 sign up bonus code has not been developed in the West，And in Chinese philosophy，Especially achieved great development under Mao Zedong, who was both a politician and a philosopher。

　　The great contribution of Mao Zedong’s bet365 sign up bonus code to Marxist philosophy

Mao Zedong’s creative development of the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code based on the Chinese way of thinking，It can be said that it has expanded the scope of Marxist dialectics to a great extent。This expansion does not only mean adding to it the fundamentally important aspect of the dialectic of practical bet365 sign up bonus code，It also means that based on this contribution, it is possible to create a Chinese-style Marxist dialectical system。This assertion naturally requires explanation。

The key to understanding this assertion lies first in clarifying the dialectical nature of Marx’s Capital。Without a doubt，Marx’s dialectics is a practical philosophy that points to changing the world，However，The dialectics of "Das Kapital" is not directly a dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code，It is a materialistically transformed Hegelian dialectic of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code。How to say this？The key to this is，On the one hand，This dialectic recognizes that the "real subject" or the real world is a world in which multiple contradictions coexist and develop and change "still maintaining its independence outside the mind"，The "concrete totality as the ideological totality" achieved from abstraction to concreteness、Concrete as thought，In fact, it is thinking、The product of understanding”，This means that the "concrete thought" or "one-whole" here is just the construction of thinking，Rather than the “self-synthesis” of reality itself、Self-Deepening and Self-Movement”。On the other hand，More importantly，Marx’s philosophy is directed towards changing the world，But what it points to is "effectively changing the world"，Instead of random actions regardless of the consequences。This requires that actions to change the world have objective scientific basis。Science is always an abstract grasp of the real world to some extent，That is, abstractly grasp the essential provisions of the object。The world that "Das Kapital" aims to grasp is undoubtedly a realistic "many" world，But for such a "many" world，Science cannot be grasped directly，It must be constructed into a mathematical theoretical model using "abstract power"，Only before we can describe it scientifically。Specifically for the capitalist mode of production described in Capital，Marx first abstracted the "universal light" of the capitalist mode of production from the coexistence of multiple production relations，Then take "changes that can be specified with the accuracy of natural science" as the criterion，Distinguish "material... changes in the economic conditions of production" from "ideological forms"，In order to be able to construct a mathematical value theory and surplus value theoretical system under the simplest conditions。After constructing such an abstract theoretical system，Gradually add in the previously abstracted factors，And reconstruct it based on the "universal light" of capitalist production relations。This is the application of the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code of materialism in "Das Kapital"。

Such a way of grasping the object of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code dialectics，The goal pursued is to grasp the essential provisions of things in a precise way，Then gradually rise from abstract to concrete，Achieve a comprehensive grasp of complex reality。But this process of rising from abstract to concrete，For the “many” objects in reality，It is extremely difficult，Complete concreteness is even more difficult to achieve，And more importantly，Even if we can achieve a more specific grasp，It also takes a very long time。The creation of "Das Kapital" took nearly forty years，And not yet completed，This is the proof。Of course，Science can be advanced step by step，But practical practice cannot wait for the completion of scientific theory of integrity，But there is often an urgent need for a plan of action。Under these conditions，The object can only be grasped through the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code，Formulate an action plan。This is because the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code is not a way of reconstructing the object after abstracting the essential provisions，Instead, the object is directly regarded as a complex existence composed of multiple contradictions，Find out the main contradiction、Main aspects of contradiction，And then grasp the main contradiction and the main aspects of the contradiction，Adopt appropriate intervention methods to achieve the goal of changing the world。In the midst of this，Scientific abstract theories can also form the boundaries of some objectivity in some way。Obviously，For Marxism, which aims to effectively change the world，Such a dialectic of practical bet365 sign up bonus code is a significant complement to the dialectic of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code in Capital。

In this way，In Marxist Philosophy，There are two dialectics: the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code and the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code。One of these two dialectics is applicable to the field of scientific theory construction，The other is suitable for areas where realistic action plans are formed，Therefore，Although they are different，But it is not contradictory，It forms a synergistic and complementary structure。Not only that，There are mutual provisions between the two dialectics of bet365 sign up bonus code、The effect relationship of mutual promotion。On the one hand，Scientific theory composed of dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code，There is a limit or limiting effect on practical bet365 sign up bonus code，That is, theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code has a certain constructive effect on practical bet365 sign up bonus code；On the other hand，The dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code grasp the complex real world，May form the basis for further abstract investigation of the dialectics of theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code，In other words, theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code can be regarded as an abstract construct of practical bet365 sign up bonus code。Therefore，Based on this mutual provision、mutually reinforcing relationship，We can construct a Marxist dialectical system that includes theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code and practical bet365 sign up bonus code。In this system，Due to the fundamental status of practical bet365 sign up bonus code to theoretical bet365 sign up bonus code，And because of the foundation of the Chinese way of thinking of the dialectics of practical bet365 sign up bonus code developed by Mao Zedong，Such a dialectical system is a Chinese-style Marxist dialectical system。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 sign up bonus code, Nankai University)