Speaking of pottery in the Longshan Cultural Period，People will think of "thin as thin as paper、hard like porcelain、sound like、Bright Eggs Shell Pottery。Actually，Although the Longshan culture period is mainly black pottery，But there are gray pottery、Red Pottery、brown pottery，There is also a white pottery based on the high temperature of about 1200 ° C with kaolin。In a three -footed pottery，Black pottery accounts for the majority，Other pottery colors are also available，The particularly precious white pottery is only found in the Tao Yan in the three -footer category。

　　Bet365 lotto review

"鬶" was first seen in the city Ziya site during the Longshan Cultural period discovered in 1928，It has a long drool、Holders and hypertrophic feet。This strange shape is called "鬶" by the excavator at the time，Its basis is Xu Shen, the Han Dynasty "Said the Essays · Top": "鬶，Sanzi 鬴 (kettle) also，There is a handle、beak。"鬴 (kettle) is a pot for cooking，"鬶" refers to the pot with three legs with a handle and beak，completely in line with the shape of the device。Since then，All parts of my country，East beach、West to Shaanxi、north to Liaodong、South Da Lingnan，Hundreds of sites have unearthed various pottery，The age is about 6500-4000 years away from today。Although the area found in this utensil is vast，But most of the experts believe that the origin of Tao Yan is the sea -cricket area。This is not only because the number of pottery tadpoles unearthed during the Dawenkou culture period，Broadcast，More importantly, Dawenkou bet365 Play online games Culture is a positive source for Tao Yan's self -containing integration。

In many pottery，Pottery is a relatively complicated utensil，For a long time, it has been attractive with its special shape。But this shape is not born in the sky，but the ancient ancestors explored in constant practice，and after long -term experience accumulation，constantly adding new elements to give it new vitality。

Early Shinshite Age，With the development of primitive agriculture and the needs of daily life，People naturally need to be similar to today’s pots and pans to cook、Flowing food。Xihe Site near the site of Chengziya，Archaeologists have discovered a pottery about seven or eight thousand years ago，It is a pupae pottery。Experts think，This may be the form of a container that mimic plants (such as: cutting the water scoop made of gourds)。Plant vessels are replaced by pottery imitation，Only because the pottery is stronger、fire resistance。But the problem also follows，The utensils of the bottom of the bottom are not easy to place，To solve this problem，The ancestors of wisdom put three stones under the pottery，Stones with similar functions are also seen in the Xihe River site。Discovery of the rules of three -foot stability and application of pottery，It is undoubtedly a great progress for the primitive ancestors。

but，Stone is irregular，There is still danger of dumping in the utensils，So the ancestors fired the regular support feet。Later，In order to avoid the trouble of re -placing foot feet every time he heated，Three legs directly stick to the bottom of the pot。The design of "three feet" not only takes into account the practical needs of support，and the distance accuracy between the feet、The angle is consistent，It also Bet365 app download shows the superb craft production level of the ancients。After solving the problem of stable heating，To prevent the food from being cooked and burned，Add another handle。Next，The ancestors found that if you use a pottery to pour things directly into the bowl，Frequently spill the liquid out of the bowl mouth，So they lengthened the pot of Tao Yan and added another groove，Make a drool。There are some Tao Yan in the future development，To improve thermal efficiency，From "solid foot" to later "hollow bag feet"。So one here，Both expand the volume of the utensil，It becomes larger than the heating area，to speed up the speed of boiling water，Can be described as two birds with one stone。So far，Tao Yan completed the gorgeous transformation from 釜 to 鬶，The era is about Dawenkou culture period。

　　Bird worship in the Haiyu area

Enter Longshan Culture Period，Due to the maturity and popularity of fast wheel technology，There is a qualitative leap in the pottery industry。Pottery multi -modeling regular，Some device tables have been polished multiple times。White Tao Tongtong is 30.5 cm high、Votted 5 cm high、16 cm long、11.5 cm wide，There are little boys，1 cm high in the mouth。The biggest feature of the pottery is the use of kaolin (that is, 坩) firing，If the glaze is hung, it is porcelain，So the ancestor of porcelain is also known as the ancestor of porcelain。This device is beautiful and smooth，Design exquisite，The decoration is concise but not lost，The overall shape is like a rushing around the neck and is crying happily、Birds who want to fly with wings，Experts think，This unique bionic phenomenon should be related to the unique bird worship phenomenon in the Haiyu area。

Ancient period，Different Bet365 app download tribes have their own worship，Put more animals、Plants or non -biological as your own relative、Ancestral or Protection God，I believe they have a supernatural force，Will protect yourself，and can also get their strength and skills。This phenomenon is called totem by anthropologists。The Dongyi tribe who lives in the Haiyu area mainly takes the worship of various birds as the most、The most prosperous，Therefore, in literature such as "Shang Shu · Yugong", "Historical Records of the Five Emperor", "Hanshu · Geography" and other literature，"Dongyi" is also known as "Bird Yi"。

Looking at the situation unearthed，Dongyi people in the Neolithic Age except for popular skull deformation and artificial artificial extraction customs，Another custom is also popular，That is a stone ball or pottery ball with a diameter of about 15-20 mm，Once this ball is put in，will not take it out again，It is still after death。Most scholars think that this kind of ball -containing custom is simulated the swallowing bird egg and has children，Ball a symbol of bird eggs，The meaning of praying for the ball with the ball。Not only that，Dongyi ancient people often make bird -like dressing in daily life。Dawenkou Cultural Site, Lingyanghe, Lingyang, Lingyang, Lingyang River M11、M17 Tao Zun unearthed on the two tombs has a symbol on the Tao Zun，Mr. Li Xueqin's research is a crown of the Dongyi people with feathers，It can be seen that the literature contains Dongyi people "live in the sea song，It is not a virtual text for being served as a bird.。other，Lingyang River, Lingyang, She County, Shandong、Dawenkou cultural sites in Zhucheng and other places were found.-like engraving symbol，Experts are explained bet365 live casino games as "Yangwu Unexpected Ri Flight Picture"。

Dongyi people even named all kinds of officials with birds，"Zuo Zhuan" Zhaogong 17th year (525), the king of the country (Governance today, Shandong), the monarch visited Lu Guo，Lu Zhaogong's wine waiting，Zhao Gong asked: "Shao Yan's name is a bird name，Why? "Jun Jun explained:" My Gao Zu Shao Zhi's Standing also，Phoenix Bird is suitable，So Ji Yu Bird，Bird name for the bird division。Phoenix，Li Zhengye。Xuan Bird's，Division also。Bo Zhao's，Division who is also。Jade Bird's，Si Qi also。Dan Bird's，The closed person also。Sima Ye，Situ Ye。鴡，Sima Ye。鸤，Sikongye。Shuangjiu，Si Kouye。​​鹘，Division also。Five Dove，Dove people also。Five Mo Wago is five workers，For use，Positive measurement，Yimin also。Nine -time nine farmers，The people who have no prostitution also。”

According to 郯 郯，Shao Yan has set up five birds、Five Dove、Five、Jiuyi and other 24 kinds of official positions，Although these records are just pursuit of future generations，Is there such a complete official system in the Shaoyao era?。But at least explanation，At that time, there were many clan tribes named after birds in the Dongyi area，The main basis of distinguishing these tribes is the emblem of different birds。Mr. Shixingbang once said, "These records，Not fictional to the wall，but based on the real bird totem history。24 official positions，Non -Bird，This is the most complete description of maintaining the bird totem system。From this narrative, you can explore the knowledge of the Shaoyu tribe，Big totems include small totem group，Three parts of the Bird Totem Clan Tribe of Totten Totten Clan，That is the tribe bet365 best casino games (Shao 皞)、Cell (Five Birds、Five 雉) and the clan (24 official positions)。”

A large number of unearthed materials and literature records can be known，Dongyi ancestors living between the Haiyu are extremely worshiping the birds，Many scholars in the historical and archeological circles have done in -depth research。As for the reasons it produces, there are two theories of "reproductive worship" and "waiting for worship"，Considering that the Haiyu area is close to the sea、Primitive agriculture developed，Therefore, the worship of birds (mostly migratory birds) in Dongyi people may be more to grasp the timely cultivation of farmers，rooted in the actual needs of people's long -term production activities。Dongyi ancestors' worship of birds has been integrated into people's lives，It is not surprising that the appearance of this shape like a bird -shaped shape is not surprising。

Gao Guangren、Shao Wangping, the two Mr. Shao Wangping collected the relevant information of the pottery related information unearthed and literature before the 1980s，Systematic collation and combing of Tao Yan，pointed out that more than 5,000 years ago，Tao Yan is also a unique utensil for Dawenkou culture in Haiyu area，More than a thousand years later，In the interactive communication with surrounding culture，Tao Yan was eventually absorbed by the cultures of various places、Reconstruction，New utensils that have appeared in the "Longshan period" culture。So far，Tao Yan is no longer the "specialty" of the Haiyu area。It is particularly worth mentioning that it is，Even if the archeological material is so rich today，This thin fetus、Plastic Noodles、Strange shape、Unique bag feet have never been discovered in any bet365 live casino games area outside Huaxia。In this sense,，Tao Yan can also be regarded as a unique gene of prehistoric culture of Chinese history。Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties produced a bronze -core ritual and music culture at the core，The 盉 from being sent by the puppet also become an important factor in the Shangwei ceremony。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation General Project "The Western Zhou Dynasty operating the South State History Examination" (17bzs039) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Institute of History of Shandong Academy of Social Sciences)