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Chinese people have habit of drinking tea since ancient times，The Tang Dynasty was a critical period for Chinese tea drinking。Tang Yangye's "Sanfu Sutra Record" contains: "Tea，Ancient Food，Near Jin、Song Yitu，Wu people use their leaves to cook，Is for porridge。to Kaiyuan、Slightly tea，Slightly tea，Zhide、Darma Sui Duo，After the establishment of the middle school。"From this we can know，The wind of drinking tea began in the Xuanzong Dynasty，After gradually becoming popular nationwide。At the same time，Tea drinking utensils are gradually specialized、Completely。

In a long time，Due to lack of physical information，It is difficult for people to realize the specific situation of the Tang people's tea drinking activities，Only ancient books can be in the world、Find trace in ink painting，Many problems are difficult to clarify。China Tea Culture is known as "in the Tang Dynasty，Speaking in Song "，However, the difference between the tea drinking method of the Tang and Song dynasties is significantly different，So the evolution and innovation of the tea drinking method during the Tang and Song dynasties seemed particularly important。

1987，Famen Temple Palace, Fufeng County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province，A large number of precious cultural relics were unearthed in the Tang Dynasty，It attracted great attention from the academic community。Where，A set of exquisite tea vessels unearthed in the back room of the ground palace，Including tea crushing、Cha Luo、Tea bet365 Play online games spoon、salt Taiwan、Tea Bowl, etc.，Is so far staying in the world、The only set of physical objects of the Tang Dynasty court tea set。The excavation of this set of tea is of great significance，It provides a rare physical information for the change of tea drinking in the late Tang Dynasty。

　　The current situation and history of the tea utensils unearthed from previous life

Tea device unearthed from Famen Temple Palace and other precious cultural relics are kept in the Famen Temple Museum (also known as the Famen Temple Temple Museum)。With the deepening of research，The academic world is like a wind furnace、Gold and Silver Turtle Box、The function and ownership of the chain silver fire and tendons still exist in controversy，But there is a consensus on core appliances。

The "Supervisor to send the real body for the real body to support the real body and the gift of gold and silver treasures" (referred to as "clothing account") is a list of chanting products hidden in the palace。"Tea Trenzi in the inscription、Mulk、Cha Luo、A spoon a pair of seven things，A total of eighty -two "，Corresponding to the gilt golden geese flowing clouds and silver tea crusher in the unearthed cultural relics (that is, tea slot)、Gold Gold Tour pattern silverAxis (that is, crusher)、Golden Fairy drove crane pattern pot door Chaluo (ie Chalot)、Gilt Flying Hong pattern silver and gilt gold grass pattern long handle silver spoon (ie spoon)。other，Place the cage of tea、Silver salt platform added with condiments、Grape tea bowls of tea drinking can also be included in the tea vessel area。

This set of tea is the 14th year of Xiantong (873) to 15 years.、The two emperors of the Zongzong welcomed the bone bone activity to give the gift to Famen Temple，Since then, there has been a bet365 Play online games seal in Famen Temple Palace。The core tea vessels are all silver gilt technology，Most of them are engraved with 錾。錾 clearly records the production time of the tea machine、Production agency、Number of utensils and weight、Production craftsmen and auditors and other information。For example，Golden Fairy drove crane -patterned pot door Charuzi at the bottom of the tea Luozi: "Xiantong Ten Years of Cultural Temple made silver golden flower tea Luozi，A total of 27 two，Craftsman Shao Yuan、Trial official Li Shicun、Judge Gao Pinchen Wu Hongzheng、Envoy can be Shunlun。"" According to records，This set of tea is made from Xiantong nine to ten years，Created by the Institute of Culture Court of Gold and Silver Words in charge of the palace。

Another，Chaluozi、The word "Five Brother" (僖 僖 乳) is also engraved on the tea crusher，plus wear marks，Therefore, it is generally considered that this tea device should be used by the daily use of Zongzong。After a thousand years，This set of tea can be reappeared。

　　From fried tea to teaDifferent similar to the tea drinking method of the Tang and Song dynasties

In the background of the prosperity of tea activities in the Tang Dynasty，Tea Shenglu Yu was written as the first tea study "Tea Scripture"，The system summarizes the tea activities of the Mid -Tang Dynasty and previous。The Tea Sutra marks the formation of the Tang Dynasty fried tea ceremony。Since then，Pei Wen "Tea Shu"、Zhang Youxin "Fried Tea"、Wen Tingyu's "Tea Collection Record"、Su Yan's "Sixteen Soups" and other tea studies have come out one after another，Comprehensively promoted the study of tea science in the Tang Dynasty，Late the foundation for the maturity of the two Song tea culture and the formation of the Japanese tea ceremony。

Bet365 app download According to the "Tea Scripture"，The tea event in the middle of the Tang Dynasty has gradually become systematic、Standardized，Tea drinking method also has more innovation。Although the folk still has the "痷 痷 method" leftover in the early days，But the mainstream method is the "Yu Tang Save Boiling Boil" three boiling tea method summarized by the "Tea Sutra"。"Tea Sutra · Five Boils" detailed the operation procedure of fried tea method，Including: hot tea、Tea、sieve tea、Boil water、Delite tea、Divided tea、Drink tea。

The tea method of the Song Dynasty has more inheritance and development for the Tang Dynasty fried tea method。Cai Xiang of the Northern Song Dynasty "Tea Record" summarized the tea order method of the Song Dynasty。Compared with Lu Yu's "Tea Scripture" and Cai Xiang's "Tea Record" can be found，Tang and Song Tea Drinking Method is different，But the same belonging to the last tea method，Boil of tea cake、grind、Drink after screening。

The differences between the two are two main points: First, the tea method puts the tea directly into the crickets of the boiled water and cook it;，Drink for a point，This is the most obvious difference between the two，It is also the origin of their respective names。The second is that they have different traits of tea。"Tea Scripture" in the "top of the last，Its dandruff is like fine rice "，"Blue Flore Dust，Non -Mo also "，Requires to crush the tea into a non -film、Non -powder fine rice shape; and the order of tea ordering to fully integrate the tea，higher requirements for tea powder，You need to crush the tea powder more finely。

　　From tea vessels to teaChange of Tea Drinking Methods in the Tang and Song Dynasties

The change of the cooking bet365 best casino games appliance can intuitively reflect the transformation process of the tea drinking method。The tea drinking method is not a sudden change，Instead, it is achieved in the gradient transition。Lu Yu's "Tea Sutra · Four Wells" introduced 28 kinds of appliances for cooking tea，And the Tang Dynasty palace tea device unearthed from Famen Temple Palace，Late Tang tea vessels have more reform and innovation in materials and device types。

One is the improvement of tea crushing materials。"Tea Sutra · Four Wells" tea is crushed into wood，The porcelain of the Tang Dynasty is currently unearthed.、stone tea crushing，But the tea crusher of the Famen Temple Palace is by far the earliest silver tea crusher。This is of course because of the luxury of the court tea，But it also reflects the deepening of people's cognition of tea crowing。If "Tea Record" believes，Tea crushed "with silver or iron"，Song Huizong's "Grand View Tea Theory" emphasizes tea crushing "with silver as the top"，It can be seen that people generally find that silver tea crushing is more appropriate。

Second is the improvement of the Charao type and texture。Tea Luo (Tea) and Tea Box (Tea Storage) in "Tea Sutra" each independent，Famen Temple Temple unearthed is the one in the Luo Box，The box -shaped combination of the two -in -one is easier to use。There is a gauze silk silk net in Charao，Brown powder internal residue。Observation from the density and residue of the gauze silk，It is speculated that the tea powder at the end of the Tang Dynasty is more delicate，or pink tea that has appeared in tea。

Three is the innovation of the teaspoon。"Tea Sutra" records with tea with tea，Stir tea soup with bamboo clips。Long -handed Bet365 app download tea spoons specifically stirred tea soup appeared in the late Tang Dynasty。Famen Temple Earth Palace unearthed with silver rules and silver spoons，Among them, silver is short handle，Used to measure dry tea，Silver spoon long handle，It is used to stir the tea soup。Teashone's dry and wet distinction，On the one hand, it reflects the palace tea processing procedure，On the other hand, it shows that the long -handed tea spoons that have not been recorded in the late Tang Dynasty。Tea spoon in the Song Dynasty is a necessary appliance for tea drinking，"Ring back to brush" when ordering tea。"Tea Record"，"Teashone should be heavy，Powerfulness，Gold is top，Silver iron as the world。Bamboo，Building tea without taking "，Pointing out the teaspoon of the tea soup must have a certain weight，It is best for metal texture。From this，Long -handed silver spoons unearthed from Famen Temple Palace can be regarded as an innovation of late Tang tea vessels。

The Tang Dynasty was the first milestone in the history of tea drinking，The wind of drinking tea for the whole people，Specialized tea monographs and cooked tea equipment。The complete set of tea unearthed from the Famen Temple Palace is the daily utensils of the late Tang court tea，Both the high -standard tea vessels of the court，There are exact production age，It is really rare。Through this set of tea，Not only can you not only insight into the tea drinking of the court at the end of the Tang Dynasty，It also provides physical information for the study of the tea drinking method during the Tang and Song dynasties。Research can be known，Famen Temple Tea Ware is in the alternating period of fried tea method and tea ordering method，The shape and texture of the tea vessels have bet365 best casino games been improved and innovative，The establishment of the Song Dynasty tea method and the prosperity of the two Song tea culture have laid a solid foundation。

　(Author Unit: School of Marxism, Northwest University)