The chime is an ancient percussion instrument，Shaped like a curved ruler，Hanging on the rack，Hit it and roar。The actual chime from the Pre-Qin period was bet365 casino bonus archeology，The earlier typical artifacts include the stone chime bet365 casino bonus the Tao Temple site in Xiangfen, Shanxi (M3002: 6、M3015:17)，Tiger pattern stone chime bet365 casino bonus the tomb of Wuguan Village, Yinxu, Anyang, Henan in 1950、5 Shang Dynasty stone chimes bet365 casino bonus Fuhao’s tomb in Yinxu (2、316、332、1595、1596），etc.。There is the word "Qing" in the oracle bone inscriptions of Yin Ruins，There are many different ways of writing。"Shuowen Jiezi": "笣，乐石也。Cong Shi、殸。Xiang County Government Office。殳，Hit it。The ancient Wuju clan made a chime。”Xu’s analysis of glyphs is consistent with its configuration。"Poem·Shang Ode·Na": "both peaceful and peaceful，According to the sound of my chime。”Mao Chuan: “Qing”，He who has a clear voice，To resemble the creation of all things。""Zuo Zhuan" in the eleventh year of Duke Xiang: "A hundred chariots and hundreds of vehicles，Gezhong 24，and its friends、笣，Female musician 28。"Du's prenote: "镈、笣，All musical instruments。”

　　Bronze chimes bet365 casino bonus late Shang Dynasty found in archeology

According to the actual objects bet365 casino bonus archaeology，The chime is mainly made of jade、Made of stone or metal (bronze) and other materials。Pre-Qin period，Most chimes are made of stone，Bronze chimes are occasionally seen in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River，The more typical ones include the following examples。

　2012，A bronze chime bet365 casino bonus Liujiayuan Chuanxing Mountain in Caojia Village, Baitang Township, Miluo City, Hunan Province，Now in the Hunan Provincial Museum。flat body pig shape，Flex feet under chest，mouth slightly open，Upper lip curl，Put the halberd on your back，There is a circular hole underneath for hanging，Short tail，Double-sided styling。The body of the vessel is decorated with nine breast nails as the main decoration (may be related to the sound of knocking)，With clouds and thunder patterns、Fish scale pattern and circular swirl pattern, etc.。Total length 52 cm、Height 28 cm、Thick1.5cm，Heavy 13.05kg。Date to the late Shang Dynasty。

　　　　，As early as 1992，A bronze chime was also bet365 casino bonus Baimiao Mountain, Moshi Town, Changyang Tujia Autonomous County, Yichang, Hubei Province，Now in Changyang Museum。Pig shape，Flat shape，The short feet are bent under the chest，There is a halberd-like edge on the back，Short tail，Double-sided styling。There is a rectangular hole in the middle of the body，Hanging by tether。Phoenix-shaped ridge on the back，The two sides of the vessel are mainly decorated with ten breast nails，Interspersed with cloud and thunder patterns and circular swirl patterns。Can produce two tones。Tonggao 25.3cm、Length 46.2cm、Thickness 1-2 cm。Date to the late Shang Dynasty。

As early as 1989，Two pig-shaped chimes were also unearthed in Chengguan Town, Xiangyin County, Hunan, not far bet365 casino bonus above-mentioned Miluo Caojia Village，Now in the Shanghai Museum。The two chimes are similar in shape，Both are pig-shaped，Double-sided styling。Decorated with ten breast nails on both sides，The hanging chime is rectangular，The chime is fully decorated with clouds and thunder patterns。Date to the late Shang Dynasty。These two chimes unearthed in Xiangyin，One piece is 50 cm long、Height 26 cm，Heavy 13.55kg；The other one is 56 long.3cm、High 28.5cm，Weight 17kg。No matter the size，It’s still the shape, decoration and style，Both are very close to the bronze chimes unearthed in Changyang, Hubei。Comparison shows，The rear foot of the bronze chime unearthed in Changyang is incomplete (there are still traces of damage)。

These four bronze chime-shaped decorations are generally similar，Similar styles，The era is also similar，All are bet365 casino bonus late Shang Dynasty。Distance from Changyang to Miluo、Xiangyin is relatively close (about 350 kilometers)，Based on the archaeological data bet365 casino bonus three places at that time，The three places should have the same or similar archaeological culture at that time，Therefore, it shows similar cultural factors and artifact style characteristics。

　　Characteristics of bronzes bet365 casino bonus Jinsha Site

The famous Jinsha site in Chengdu, Sichuan was unearthed in 2001 in the northeastern part of "Meiyuan" in Area I, and seven "copper dragon head-shaped utensils" (or "dragon head-shaped copper ornaments") were unearthed，C：506，Now in the Chengdu Jinsha Site Museum)。According to the excavator，This kind of dragon head-shaped device with round eyes，Open your mouth and show your teeth，Simple shape，Delicate and exaggerated image，Different from dragon-shaped decorations found in other places，Has strong local characteristics。This kind of utensil has an arc-shaped plane，It is speculated that it may be a decoration inlaid on some kind of pillar。The period is bet365 casino bonus late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty。

With the bronze bull head bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site、Bronze Bird、Bronze Tiger、Bronze tapirs and other bronze ornaments are not perforated，There are perforations in the device，With Hubei、Bronze chimes unearthed in Hunan and other places are similar in shape，Should be used for hanging by tether。So the excavators think，The possibility that it is a decoration inlaid on some kind of pillar can be ruled out。

The overall shape of the vessel is similar to that of Miluo, Hunan Province、The bronze chimes unearthed in Xiangyin and Changyang, Hubei Province in the late Shang Dynasty are very similar，The cloud and thunder pattern decorated on the body is also a common style in the late Shang Dynasty，The two have the same intention，Similar shape and style。Although it looks like a pig，One is a dragon，But there is no essential difference。The round hole in the middle of the body，It should also be used as a tether for hanging。Combined with Hubei、Look at the bronze chimes of the same era unearthed in Hunan and other places，The bronze dragon head-shaped vessel bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site must also be tied to a chime。

The Jinsha site has been explored and excavated at more than 60 locations so far，It has been basically confirmed that the distribution area of ​​the ruins is about 5 square kilometers，Found a sacrificial area、Large palace construction area、Large cemetery、Residential areas and other important ruins，Tens of thousands of precious cultural relics unearthed。A large number of high-level sacrificial relics and an astonishing amount of gold were found in the sacrificial area、Copper、Jade、Stone tools，There are also lacquered woodware、Bone vessels, tens of thousands of pieces of pottery and tons of ivory，Thousands of wild boar tusks、Antlers, etc.，Indicates that there were frequent sacrificial activities at that time、Complex content、Various forms，It also shows that religious sacrificial activities occupied a very prominent position in the political life of society at that time。Analysis bet365 casino bonus scale of the site and the level of the relics，The Jinsha ruins are another political phenomenon that arose in the Chengdu Plain after the decline of the Sanxingdui civilization、Economy、Cultural Center，It is very likely that it was the capital of the ancient Shu Kingdom bet365 casino bonus late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty。

Thousands of bronze vessels have been bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site，Various types，Has a large container，There are also a large number of fine decorative parts with complex craftsmanship，Indicates that there was mature bronze manufacturing technology and a highly developed bronze culture at that time。Among the bronze instruments produced are copper bells，The shape is so simple，They are all smaller，Retains more early features of the copper bell，There are also bird shapes that are relatively complex in production and craftsmanship、Eagle-shaped copper bells, etc.。43 copper bells were also bet365 casino bonus Sanxingdui Sacrifice Pit No. 2。From this point of view，It seems reasonable that musical instruments such as copper chimes were bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site，Nothing weird or weird。

　2006，Two stone chimes from the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed in the Jinsha site sacrificial area (L62: 1，Now in the Chengdu Jinsha Site Museum)，Can still pronounce it，The sound quality is pure and beautiful。This also proves that the copper dragon head-shaped vessel (dragon head-shaped copper ornament) bet365 casino bonus the site should also be a chime。

There is only one chime unearthed in Miluo and Changyang，Two pieces from Xiangyin，Both are larger，It can be speculated that they are all special chimes recorded in the literature。Bronze chime bet365 casino bonus Jinsha site，At present, only two pieces of information have been released，One piece long 9.8cm、Width 6.4 cm、Thick0.2cm，The other piece is 8 cm long、Width 6 cm、Thickness 1 cm，The body shape is Miluo、The chimes unearthed in Xiangyin and Changyang are much smaller，Not unearthed alone，But it can be seen that it is not a special chime for hanging alone。Considering the large number of bronze chimes bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site，Various sizes，The possibility of compilation of chimes cannot be ruled out。

Excavators based on the archaeological findings of artifacts，Also refer to the copper bell hanger bet365 casino bonus Sanxingdui Sacrificial Pit No. 2，It is presumed that the copper bells bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site are copper hanging ornaments、Copper hangers are used together。How to use it: hang the copper bell in the center of the bell frame，Hang three or four hanging ornaments of the same shape on the surrounding frames。There is also a button on the handle of the copper hanger，For hanging purposes。These copper racks come in complete sets、Bronze bells and ornaments，Probably a decoration hanging on the bronze sacred tree。The method of using the copper bells at Jinsha Site should be the same as that at Sanxingdui。Although no bell hangers and bronze sacred trees have yet been discovered at the Jinsha site，But the largest number、Unearthed copper ornaments of various forms，Indicates that there is probably a large bronze sacred tree like Sanxingdui or something similar in the Jinsha ruins。How to use copper bells and matching copper ornaments，It can also be used as a reference for the bronze chime found at the site。The bronze chimes and bells bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site and the accompanying copper ornaments are similar in size，The method of use should also be similar，That is, hanging on the bronze sacred tree for use。

　　bet365 casino bonus were close exchanges between ancient Shu and the Central Plains

Chengdu and Changyang、Miluo、Bronze chimes unearthed in Xiangyin and other places are of similar age，Similar styling styles，No accident。Miluo, Hunan、The location where the bronze chime was unearthed in Xiangyin，Only about 5,000 meters away bet365 casino bonus Shang Dynasty cultural relics of Miluo Yuji Mountain。The Shang cultural relics of Yuji Mountain are inseparably connected with the Central Plains Shang culture，Nearby Yueyang、Ningxiang (Huangcai、Tanheli）、Wangcheng (High Sand Ridge)、Changsha、Xiangtan (Qingshan Bridge)、Shang culture ruins discovered in Liuyang (Shuangfeng) and other places、The same goes for the ruins。In Jingnan Temple in Jingzhou (Jiangling), which is adjacent to the place where the bronze chime was unearthed in Changyang, Hubei、Jingzhou (Jianling) Meihuai Bridge、Shashi Zhouliang Yuqiao、Dongyue Temple Ruins，Many relics bet365 casino bonus Shang Dynasty have been unearthed，The cultural outlook is also inextricably linked with the Central Plains business culture。

As everyone knows，Although the ancient Shu culture and the Central Plains culture of the same period have different appearances，Obvious local characteristics，But it is closely related to the Central Plains culture and has no fundamental difference，Part of the pluralistic and unified Chinese civilization at that time。Sanxingdui civilization is like this，Jinsha ruins and the culture they reflect are no exception，A large number of bronzes bet365 casino bonus the site、Jade、Pottery, etc. are all reflected to varying degrees。Bronze chimes bet365 casino bonus Jinsha site and similar ones in Hunan、The styles of similar artifacts from the same period unearthed in Hubei and other places show strong consistency，Indicates that the culture and ideas behind them are also similar。At that time，There are exchanges and interactions between cultures and ethnic groups in various places，At the same time, it also proves again from another aspect that at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty，The exchange and integration of the ancient Shu region and the mainland and the Central Plains culture。

Same as the stone chime，The bronze chime bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site was a practical musical instrument used in sacrificial rituals in the ancient Shu Kingdom。Its unearthing and confirmation，For the study of the music of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Sichuan Basin、Ritual，As well as the cultural exchange and spread between the Chengdu Plain and the mainland and the Central Plains in the late Shang Dynasty，All have extremely important significance。

In summary，Analysis based on the style of artifacts and archaeological cultural factors，The copper dragon head-shaped vessel (or "dragon head-shaped copper ornament") bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site should be tied to a chime。A large number of bronze chimes were bet365 casino bonus the Jinsha site，Various sizes，Or a chime，The usage method is similar to the copper bells and supporting copper hangings bet365 casino bonus Jinsha and Sanxingdui sites，That is, hanging on the bronze sacred tree for use。

　　(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Institute of Chinese History’s special major historical issue research special major bidding project "Research on the Formation and Development of the Chinese National Community Consciousness bet365 casino bonus Archaeological Perspective" (22VL002)

(The author is a professor bet365 casino bonus School of History, Xinjiang University)