磬 is an ancient percussion，Sex like a ruler，Hanging on the shelf，Rich in it。Archaeological unearthed pre -Qin period 磬 磬 磬 磬 磬，The earliest typical utensils of the age include Shimi (M3002: 6 unearthed from the Shanxiangfen Temple Temple site、m3015: 17)，1950 tiger -oriented stone unearthed from the tomb of Miluan Village, Yinxu, Anyang, Henan Province、Five Shang Shi Shi (2、316、332、1595、1596），etc.。The word "磬" in Yinxu Oracle，There are many different ways of writing。"Said the text": "磬，Le Shiye。From Stone、殸。The shape of Xiangxian 虡。殳，Strike also。The ancients did not make 磬。"Xu's analysis of the glyphs is in line with its structure。"Poetry · Shang Song · Na": "Both and Ping，According to me。"Mao Chuan:" 磬，The clear of the sound also，With the completion of all things。"Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong eleventh year: "Fanbing cars Bidai，Gezhong two，and its 镈、磬，Female Le 28。"Du Yu Note:" 镈、磬，All instruments。”

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According to the physical object unearthed in archeology，磬 Mainly use jade、Stone or metal (bronze) and other materials made。Pre -Qin period，磬 Most of them are stone，Bronze 磬 occasionally in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River，More typical people have the following examples。

2012，A bronze，Now hidden in the Hunan Provincial Museum。Flat，Foot flexion under the chest，Solid mouth，upper lip roll，Back out of the tooth halberd 扉 扉，There is a circular perforation to suspend hanging，short tail，Double -sided shape。The identity of the device is placed nine milk nails as the main decoration (may be related to the sound of knocking)，Between cloud and thunder lines、Fish scales and round vortex lines。52 cm long、high 28 cm、thick 1.5 cm，Weight 13.05 kg。The late Shang Dynasty。

Bet365 lotto review Unique occasional，As early as 1992，Hubei Province Yichang Mayor Yangtu Family Autonomous County Baimiao Mountain, Baimiao Mountain, also unearthed a bronze，Now hidden in the Changyang Museum。Pig shape，flat shape，Short feet flexed under the chest，There are hook -shaped 扉 ridges on the back，short tail，Two -sided shape。There is a rectangular hole in the middle of the body，Tie rope suspension。Back decorative phoenix 扉 扉，Ten milk nails on both sides of the device as the main decoration，Between cloud lightning patterns and round vortex。Two music music。Tong high 25.3 cm、46.2 cm long、thick 1-2 cm。The late Shang Dynasty。

So as earlier until 1989，Two pigs -shaped，Now hidden in the Shanghai Museum。The two -磬 -shaped system is similar，All are pig shapes，Two -sided shape。Ten Milk Nails on both sides，Suspension is worn as a rectangular，磬 磬。The late Shang Dynasty。These two pieces of Xiangyin，A piece of 50 cm long、high 26 cm，weighs 13.55 kg; the other one is 56.3 cm long、high 28.5 cm，Weight 17 kg。Whether it is body size，Still shape decoration and styling，very close to the bronze 磬 unearthed from Changyang, Hubei。In contrast to know，Bronze 磬 unearthed from Changyang (still retains the traces of damage)。

These four bronze -shaped pattern decorations are similar in general，Style near the same，Age is similar to the same age，All are the late Shang Dynasty。Changyang distance Lo Luo、Xiangyin is near (about 350 kilometers)，Xiangyin is near (about 350 kilometers)，At that time, the three places should have the same or similar archeological culture，Therefore, there are similar cultural factors and artifact style features。

　　Copper features of Jinsha sites 

The famous Sichuan Chengdu Sands Site was excavated and unearthed in the northeast of the "Meiyuan" in the "Meiyuan" in 2001 (or "Dragon Shoucin Copper"，C: 506，Now hidden in the Chengdu Sands Site Museum)。Introduction to the excavator，This dragon head -shaped device is bet365 Play online games round eye，Tip tooth，Simple shape，The image is delicate and exaggerated，Different dragon -shaped decorations from other places，With strong local characteristics。This utensil plane is arc，It is speculated that it may be the decoration inlaid on a columnar device。The late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty。

Copper cow head unearthed with the Jinsha site、Copper Bird、Copper Tiger、Bronze ornaments such as copper 貘 No perforation，There is perforation in the device，and Hubei、The bronze 磬 system unearthed from Hunan and other places is near the same，It should be used for rope suspension。Therefore, the excavator thinks，The possibility of ornaments inlaid on a columnar device can be excluded。

The overall shape of the device is revealed to Hunan Lo Luo、Xiangyin and Hubei Changyang unearthed in the late business of business generations of bronzes are similar，The decorated cloud pattern decorated by the body is also a common style in the late Shang Dynasty，The two intentions are the same，Style and styles are similar。Although its shape is a pig，One is a dragon，But there is no essential difference。The round hole in the middle of the body，It should also be used as a rope suspension。Combined with Hubei、The era of bronze in the era unearthed from Hunan and other places is quite bronze，The bronze dragon's first device unearthed from the Jinsha site is obviously 磬。

The location of the Sands Site has reached more than 60 places for exploration and excavation.，Basically confirmed that the distribution area of ​​the site is about 5 square kilometers，Discovered a sacrifice area、Large Palace Building Area、Large cemetery、Residential Area and other important ruins，Tens of thousands of precious cultural relics unearthed。A large number of high -level sacrifice relics and quantities were found in the sacrifice area.、Copper、Jade、Stoneware，In addition, there are lacquer wood wares、Boneware and tens of thousands of pottery and ivory ivory，Thousands of pieces of Bet365 app download wild boars、Antlers, etc.，It shows that the sacrifice activities at that time are frequent、Complex content、Diverse forms，It also shows that religious sacrifice activities occupy a very prominent position in the political life of the society at that time。From the scale of the site and the level of relics，The Sands site is another political that has emerged in the Chengdu Plain after the decline of Sanxingdui civilization、Economy、Cultural Center，It is most likely the capital of the ancient Shu Kingdom in the late Shang Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty。

The bronze wares unearthed from the Jinsha site have reached thousands of pieces，Complex species，There are large containers，There are more fine and complex fine accessories，It shows that the existing mature bronze manufacturing technology and highly developed bronze culture at that time。There are bronze bells in the bronze instrument，How simple is its shape，Body shape is smaller，Keep more early characteristics of copper bell，There are also relatively complicated bird shapes in production and technology、Eagle -shaped copper bells, etc.。Sanxingdui No. 2 sacrifice pit also unearthed 43 pieces of copper bells。From this perspective，The bronze tadpole instrument unearthed from the Jinsha site seems to be reasonable，There is no strange place。

2006，Jinsha site sacrifice area has unearthed two late Shang Dynasty -Shi Ji of the Western Zhou Dynasty (L62: 1，Now hidden in the Chengdu Sands Site Museum)，It can still be pronounced so far，Sound quality pure and beautiful ears。From this, it can also prove that the bronze dragon first device (dragon first copper jewelry) unearthed by the site should also be 磬。

There is only one unearthed from Luo Luo and Changyang，Xiangyin and two pieces，Body shape is large，It can be speculated that it should be the special。Bronze unearthed from the Jinsha site，Only two pieces are announced in the current information，A piece of 9.8 cm long、width 6.4 cm、thick 0.2 cm，Another piece of 8 cm long、6 cm wide、1 cm Bet365 app download thick，​​Body is more than 汨、Xiangyin and Changyang unearthed much smaller，and not unearthed alone，However, it can be known for its non -suspension of it alone。Considering the number of bronze 磬 unearthed from the Sands site，Different size，No possibility of compilation。

The excavator unearthed according to the archeology of the utensils，At the same time, refer to the copper bell hanging rack unearthed from Sanxingdui No. 2 sacrifice pit，It is presumed that the copper bell unearthed at the Jinsha site is a copper hanging ornament、Copper hanging frame combination is used together。The method of use is: hang the copper bell in the center of the bell frame，Three or four -shaped hanging ornaments hanging on the surrounding rings。There is also a ring button on the beam of the copper hanging frame，For the use of suspension。These configured set of copper hangers、Copper bells and jewelry，It may be the decoration hanging on the bronze god tree。How to use the copper bell at the Sands site is the same as the Sanxingdui。Although the jinsha site has not yet found bell hanging frames and bronze god trees，But the largest number、The unearthed copper ornaments of various forms，Explain that there may be large bronze god trees like Samsung Dou or something like Sanxingdui in the Jinsha site。Copper bell and the use of copper ornaments used with it，It can also be used as a reference for bronze from the site。Bronze 磬 and copper bell unearthed from the Jinsha site, and the size of the copper hanging decorations used by supporting facilities，It should be similar to its usage，It is hung on the bronze god tree to use。

　　Got Shu is closely communicating with Central Plains 

Chengdu and Changyang、汨 Luo、Xiangyin and other places such as the bronze 磬，Style style is the same，Not accidental。Hunan Lo Luo、The excavation location of Xiangyin Bronze，Only about 5000 meters away from the cultural relics of the Shang Dynasty Shangda Mountain in Lauluo Yushan。Yushan Shang cultural Bet365 app download relics have an irresistible contact with the Central Plains business culture，Yueyang, near its neighboring Yueyang、Ningxiang (Yellow Material、Charcoal River)、Wangcheng (high sand ridge)、Changsha、Xiangtan (Qingshan Bridge)、The business culture site found in Liuyang (Shuangfeng) and other places、The ruins are also the same。Jingzhou (Jiangling) Jingnan Temple, adjacent to the bronze crickets in Changyang, Hubei、Jingzhou (Jiangling) Meihuai Bridge、Zhou Liangyuqiao, Shashi City、Dongyue Temple site，Many places have been discovered in the relics of unearthed business generations，Its cultural appearance also has thousands of contacts with the cultural culture of the Central Plains。

Well -known，The ancient Shu culture is different from the Central Plains culture at the same time，Local characteristics obvious，But there is a close relationship with the Central Plains and no fundamental differences，One part of the Chinese civilization that belongs to the same time at that time。Sanxingdui civilization like this，Jinsha site and its culture are no exception，A large number of bronze wares unearthed from the site、Jade、Pottery, etc. all have different degrees of reflection。Bronze 磬 unearthed from the Jinsha site is similar to the similar Hunan、The style of similar utensils unearthed from Hubei and other places show strong consistency，It shows that the culture and concepts behind it are similar。At that time，Culture and ethnic groups between various places exist in communication and interaction，At the same time, it also proves from the end of the business at the end of the business，The exchange and integration of the ancient and mainland and Central Plains culture。

The same as the Shi Shi Ji，Bronze 磬 unearthed from the Jinsha site is a practical instrument used in the ancient Shu Kingdom for sacrifice etiquette。Its excavation and confirmation，For the study of the Sichuan Basin's Shang and Zhou Dynasties、Rites，and cultural exchanges bet365 Play online games and communication between Chengdu Plain and the Mainland and Central Plains in the late Shang Dynasty，It has extremely important significance。

To sum up，Analysis of the styling style of utensils and archeological cultural factors，The bronze dragon first form (or "dragon first copper jewelry") unearthed at the Jinsha site should be 磬。There are many bronzes unearthed from the Jinsha site，Different size，or 磬 磬，It is similar to the use of copper bells and the use of copper ornaments used with Jinsha and Sanxingdui sites，It is hung on the bronze god tree to use。

　　(This article is the major bidding project of major historical issues of the National Social Science Fund China History Research Institute of China History Research Institute, "Research and Development Research on the Formation and Development of the Consciousness of the Community of the Chinese Nation in Archeology" (22VL002) phased achievement) 

(The author is a professor at the School of History of Xinjiang University)