When society enters a historical stage of high complexity and uncertainty，It is obvious that bet365 kentucky bonus code issues cannot be solved well by relying solely on technical rationality。This requires taking into account the integration of empirical knowledge on the basis of technical rationality，Constructing public bet365 kentucky bonus code。

Modern Western society is an era of pursuing rationality，And realize this rationality through the development of science and technology，Thereby making rationality equal to technical rationality，Science has also become the only way to achieve rationality。Public policies in modern Western societies are also on the road to science and technology，The scientific pursuit of public bet365 kentucky bonus code reached its peak in the mid-20th century。The scientific process of public bet365 kentucky bonus code enables public bet365 kentucky bonus code to be constructed based on rational knowledge，This can efficiently handle low-complexity or routine bet365 kentucky bonus code issues，And show the superiority of technical rationality。But when society enters a historical stage of high complexity and uncertainty，It is obvious that bet365 kentucky bonus code issues cannot be solved well by relying solely on technical rationality。This requires taking into account the integration of empirical knowledge on the basis of technical rationality，Constructing public bet365 kentucky bonus code。

　　Public bet365 kentucky bonus code on the path of technical rationality

In modern Western society，Public policy solves complex policy issues through scientific approaches。To the 1960s，The rise of the policy science movement in the United States，Policy analysis, which represents the logic and method of positivism, dominates the policy science movement，It also brings policy science into the direction of pursuing technical rationality and instrumental rationality。Since then，Policy processes further develop science and technology，Pursue the application of advanced technologies and methods，Analyze the system、Operations Research、Statistics、Advanced methods such as topology are applied to the policy process。Therefore，The bet365 kentucky bonus code built into a production process using technical tools。

The policy process of modern Western society，Pursuing abstraction under the dominance of technical rationality、Simple、Specification、Unification，Strive to simplify complex phenomena，Make it conducive to people's cognition and understanding。No matter what kind of policy issue，All are broken down into small units，And assign some objective value to each unit，Then rearrange them using appropriate combinations。This way，The bet365 kentucky bonus code completely integrated into the scientific paradigm，Policy solutions are produced through digital processing and formula derivation，The bet365 kentucky bonus code therefore scientific and rational。

The policy process dominated by Western technical rationality takes efficiency as the main goal，And gave up the pursuit of democratization under this concept。Although policy issues contain a lot of politics、Sociality、Value and situational factors，But under the dominance of technical rational discourse，Public interest、Fair、Justice and freedom etc. are put aside。Western technical experts have professional knowledge that represents rational cognition，Became an important subject in the policy process，The policy system is therefore closed。The bet365 kentucky bonus code separated between the state and society、Separation of central and local governments、Separation of elites and masses、Completed in a structure that separates experts and the public。

　　Rethinking technical bet365 kentucky bonus code

Western technical rationality is limited to established analytical thinking and method paths，Expand thinking and exploration within the framework of science。The policy process dominated by technical rationality has fixed routines and paths，Rational decision-making builds standardization、Standardized policy process，Pursue proceduralism and logical process。But when facing highly complex policy issues，But it appears to be more institutionalized and less flexible，The entire bet365 kentucky bonus code too rigid。Highly heterogeneous and ever-changing policy issues require flexible policy procedures and methods，These are exactly what technical rationality cannot possess。

Technical rationality is a one-sided rationalism，Only focus on knowledge and information that can be technicalized and formulated，However, highly complex problems often cannot be compressed into a purely technical problem。The bet365 kentucky bonus code not a process of discovering and describing objective facts，The positivist method cannot solve the problem or even be applicable。Opposite，Because policy issues contain a large number of non-technical factors，The bet365 kentucky bonus code inevitably affected by individual value preferences and subjective judgments。More than just technical knowledge is needed in the policy process，Also includes experiential knowledge，The latter refers to imagination、Common sense、Subjective judgment、Intuition、Memories and other cognitions that cannot be rationalized，When facing highly complex policy issues，Experiential knowledge has flexibility and scientificity that rational knowledge does not have。

In fact，Many Western bet365 kentucky bonus code failures are not due to lack of rational knowledge，Opposite，Because of lack of experience and knowledge。Scientific knowledge is not inapplicable to bet365 kentucky bonus code making，But knowledge in the appearance of science may not necessarily solve all problems in public space。Because the answer to these questions is not the only answer，Can’t find the only answer，Only the public and experts with life experience can connect empirical knowledge and rational knowledge through careful thinking and open dialogue。Advocates of Western rationality have always been committed to discovering universal categories and rational rules，Require people to obey once discovered，Even if this discovery is not consistent with the truth。Plus the limitations of human reason，People often express deep concern about the enthusiasm of blind people，This further promotes the expectation and dependence on professionals，It also further separates rationality and experience。The decision-maker’s knowledge is thus based on concepts that are far removed from the lived experience that gives them substance。But for highly complex bet365 kentucky bonus code issues，Experts are often as ignorant as the public，Facing new bet365 kentucky bonus code issues，Experts are also unable to carry out blueprint planning。

　　Complementarity and integration between reason and bet365 kentucky bonus code

When facing highly complex and rapidly changing bet365 kentucky bonus code issues，Single technical rationality can no longer solve the problem well。Experiential knowledge also needs to be introduced at this time，Common sense required、Imagine、Judgment, etc. to assist in formulating public policies。Valuing experience does not exclude rationality，But to place rational knowledge in empirical understanding，And realize the complementarity and integration between rationality and experience in the bet365 kentucky bonus code process。

First，Establish a more open and inclusive policy system。Expert-led bet365 kentucky bonus code completed in a closed system，The emphasis on empirical knowledge requires an open and inclusive policy system。In this system，It’s not just technical experts who make a difference，The public also has the right to speak；Not only rational cognition is recognized，The public’s perceptual cognition and common sense of life are also respected。Through the Internet platform，The boundary between the policy system and the environment becomes blurred，The environment is no longer a factor external to the system，But it is directly understood and grasped as a component of the system。Specifically，The policy system is no longer based on a bureaucratic organization，But turn to cooperative organization。

Second，The bet365 kentucky bonus code process to realize the co-construction of multiple subjects。The resources needed in the bet365 kentucky bonus code process include both knowledge and technology，Also includes material support，Including tangible material reserves，Also includes invisible authority and legitimacy。Technologists and political elites cannot provide all the resources，It is often necessary to obtain the required information and resources through the cooperation and sharing of multiple entities。It is difficult for the government to have comprehensive and specific information and knowledge on bet365 kentucky bonus code issues，bet365 kentucky bonus code issues exist in public life，Exists in a realm far away from the government，At this time, public participation is more needed to provide empirical knowledge，Bring it into the bet365 kentucky bonus code process。The government is no longer a superior governing body，And began to change into the role of service provider，Cooperative actions among diverse entities，Integrate resources through cooperation，Collaborating to produce the complete knowledge required for the bet365 kentucky bonus code process。

　Third，Formulating public policies through dialogue and consultation。The bet365 kentucky bonus code-making process is not a purely technical process，Thus not observed and produced by technical experts in a closed laboratory。Opposite，It is in an open field，Complete the construction of bet365 kentucky bonus code solutions through dialogue and consultation between experts and the public。The existence of objections is objective，Also an essential component of complete bet365 kentucky bonus code knowledge，Dialogue and consultation among multiple subjects are needed to properly handle objections。Dialogue in the bet365 kentucky bonus code process must be genuine、Understandable、Contextual，And open to dissent。Professional terminology is not necessarily superior to everyday perceptual cognitive language，Abstract theory is not better than scattered concrete expressions。At this time，Multiple subjects are committed to action cooperation，Including experts when engaging in abstract or theoretical thinking and related expressions，It is advocated to express it in common sense language，To seek communication and interaction with the public。

　Fourth，Build trust and cooperation in the policy development process。When the government serves as the single social governance subject in the policy process，The government often uses administrative means，Construct policy from top to bottom，The entire bet365 kentucky bonus code a linear process，Exhibited as the relationship between command and obedience。Faced with highly complex policy issues，Any control failed，The government needs to cooperate with society at this time、Experts need to work with the public。On this basis，Including changes in tools and language in the policy process，Diversity is encouraged，And use this to cooperate。Cooperation becomes the ultimate goal，Trust among multiple subjects，Carry out cooperative actions based on trust，Promote trust in cooperation。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of bet365 kentucky bonus code Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University)