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20th Century，The book "Chinese Rhyme Research" of Gao Benhan not only opened the door of modern sound and rhyme research，The relationship between the research of Chinese Fang Yin and the history of Chinese sound rhyme was introduced into the Chinese academic community。Gao's while studying "Cutting Rhyme" as a single phonetic system to study the history of Chinese phonology，Also outlines its basic theoretical mode for Chinese Fang Yin，"Chinese dialect except Fujian，All from the differentiation of "Cutting Rhyme" "。A qualitative model (or "single -line mode") with the discussion of the nature of "Cutting Rhyme"，and Chinese dialect formation history、The comparison of Chinese Fang Yin and "Cut Rhyme" is questioned。Zhang Kun、Xie Beti proposed the dual -line development model of "Cutting Rhyme" as a heterogeneous theory。The Princeton School represented by Roger is even more put aside "Cut Rhyme"，Start from modern Chinese dialect，By selecting a few or a dozen dialects for historical comparison，Constructing a certain "Ancient Dialect"，Ruju Minyu、Ancient Cantonese、Ancient Wu language、Gu Hakka dialect。Based on this, through the similarities and similarities of comparative materials，Find the corresponding relationship between dialects，and the original form，To rebuild "Original Chinese"。

　　Princeton School is worthy of recognition

Princeton School's structure about primitive language is intended to be widely accepted in the academic community。The reasons for opposition are generally as follows: First, it is against the language type of learning (such as the original Fujian six sets of condensed sounds*p-、*pH-、*-P-、*b-、*BH-、*-b-); Second, there Bet365 app download is no basis in ancient times，There is no literature on the proposed voice as evidence; the third is that the hierarchy of the original language is not considered。

Although there are a lot of opposition，We still have to fully affirm the rationality and significance of Princeton's methodology，This is a reason。

One，Its basic assumptions are in line with working procedures。Roger Rogue's product that the Fujian language is beyond "Cutting Rhyme" and directly inherit ancient Chinese，Therefore, start directly from modern Fujian language，Constructing the original Fujian language，instead of considering the "Cut Rhyme" system，This working program is in line with the basic assumptions behind it，It undoubtedly obtained its rationality in methodology。

Its two，It is the result of strict implementation of historical comparative law。Basic procedures of historical comparative law，A corresponding relationship represents a pronunciation，If the two pronunciation of a language corresponds to a pronunciation of another language，and the former can’t find the conditions for differentiation，Only two voice forms can be used in the original language。According to this principle，Princeton's primitive language is fully in line with the historical comparative law program。

but but，Pure methods of exercise naturally cannot be convinced，The depth of its explanation of the evolution process of modern dialect is also questioned。Because it focuses on the absolute time of Fangyin's source，and lack of attention to relative time，The depth of the time in time is also relatively limited，Can't outline the earlier appearance。，It also lacks the grasp of space elements in language。

　　The reconstruction method of Chinese Fang Yin has limited

With the study of Chinese dialects from a total of time to discuss at the time -deserved level，On the one hand, scholars form a mutual evidence through the comparison of Chinese history and dialects; on the other hand, the process of the formation of Fang Yin from the human history bet365 best casino games background，The reconstruction and theoretical mode of the history of Chinese Fang Yin made a new view，The connotation of the opponent's sound reconstruction started fierce discussion。Analysis of several representative perspectives below，Limitation in the methodology behind it。

One is the formula faction。The faction thinks，A primitive dialect is just the largest number of conventions that comprehensively reflect the comparison of the words and phonetic relationships of the descendants，or "Bente Mother"，Reflected the situation where the ancient sounds of dialect were retained to modern times，instead of the oldest appearance of the dialect。Different levels、contact，The original language based on homogeneous assumptions is just a summary of the corresponding voice。

This point of view is bypassed whether the original language is true existing this problem，It is relatively simple in the operation of the method，Avoid the judgment of the nature of the common time of the common time，But this does not solve the deeper level of problems，Therefore, there is still a certain distance from the ultimate goal of language research。

The second is the substantive faction。The faction thinks，A original dialect contains a single sound rhyme system and morphological system，No dialect or personal mutation，That is, assume that the linguistic language is unified among all the language population。In other words，An original dialect that is planned should indeed reflect the language entity，It can also be used to explain the development history of modern dialects。Although the historical comparative method is limited，When all the descendants of the descendants complete a certain sound change，It is impossible to restore early pronunciation，The sound value does not necessarily reflect the actual situation of the original language，But the purpose of its reconstruction is still close to the real voice。

This cognition is based on language homogeneity，bet365 best casino games From the assignment of the pure formula，Language physical statement is more acceptable。But from the current study，The method has some difficulties in operation，Some studies pointed out that it is a substantive faction，But the method execution is not much different from the formula faction。Therefore，How to pursue the original form that can reflect the actual language on the basis of summing up the corresponding relationship (although the scholars who hold the post -holding view may not be committed to the structure of the original language)，This is where this methodology needs to break through。

Third is the level faction (or "no original language")。Take Fujian as an example，Assume that the formation process of the original Fujian language is to pass through the underlying conversion of the Baiyue people，continuous Chineseization to Gu Min，The level of penetration of Chinese and surrounding dialects through the Chinese and surrounding dialects in the past，Finally form a modern Fujian language。From the perspective of the level，Because Fujian is different time、superposition of the level of space and regional dialect，Discover when peeling these external layers，Although it also implies the continuous evolution of the front and back in the timeline (and the evolution of the Fujian language itself)，But the source of the level is foreign。Therefore，Last restore，The original language is an empty concept。Whether you want to be blurred for a time、"Primitive Language" with multiple layers of composition，This does not seem to be the ultimate goal of most layer analysts。

In recent decades，Multiple practice around level research，It has important theoretical value for the relative time and space of language history。But this view seems to bring a revolutionary consequence: it canceled the Princeton school's concept of primitive language。How to leave the dialect containing different regional sources、Levels at different Bet365 app download ages，There is still room for discussion。Therefore，How to find a method that conforms to the historical facts of various dialects in Chinese and has explanation in language evolution，Become a key issue。

　　Reconstruction of Chinese Fang Yin

As described above，Each family has different understanding of reconstruction，Leaving aside the differences of definition connotations，We stand on the explanation of the history of Chinese Fang Yin，Re -define the reconstruction of Chinese Fang Yin。The real Chinese Fang Yin reconstruction should complete the theoretical breakthrough in the following aspects。

First is the interoperability of literature and comparison。Reconstruction of the previous emphasis on the interpretation of methods。This is because whether it is comparative or internal reconstruction，Nothing depends on literature materials，The structure intended in historical linguistics is usually understood as the status of some development stages of the language (or language) confirmed by written literature and materials。but but，We should pay attention，That is, the execution of the comparison method is one thing，The interpretation of the resulting result of using this method is another matter。The former is logical derivation and formula display，The latter has historical significance and value。They are two sides of the comparative method，belong to two different steps。Look from Chinese dialect，If you do not consider the interaction between dialects，and the radiation of dialects in the past language，History formed not combined with Chinese dialect，The so -called rebuilding is actually against the principle of duality of comparative law。

The second is the combination of time and space elements。Time element contains two levels: relative time and absolute time。The former's finger sound becomes in the order of time，That is, a certain sound occurs before another sound change，Usually judged from sound rationality; bet365 best casino games the latter refers to the exact age of a certain sound change。We have to incorporate these two time concepts into consideration，Also pay attention to the research of the type of space evolution，Because if you simply talk about time，Just ignore the problem of the source。For example, when the level of a certain language has different regional sources，The evolution type presents different types in different regions，We cannot evolve from the vertical evolution of the order of sound change，It can only look at time and space from the type of geographical evolution。Therefore，Time and space must be paid to。

Third is the distinction between different nature pronunciations。Language contact and continuous formula (also known as "new grammar style", "regular", "conditional") sound change、diffusion sound changes、The lagging sound change has a different trigger mechanism，The performance of language changes is not the same。Among them, the most difficult to distinguish is the diffusion sound change、Layers caused by the contact with the contact with language。Especially when several pronunciations are in the same sound chain，How to distinguish from the lag or disturbing due to the stagnation of sound、The disability caused by the interruption and the inconsistency of the common level of pronunciation due to the overlapping of different levels? The reconstruction of Chinese Fang Yin should be based on the basis of distinguishing these different natures of pronunciation，Not to avoid these problems。

Fourth, to clarify the relationship between the reconstruction of Fang Yin and the history of Chinese phonology。We should put some problems reconstructed by Fang Yin in the entire history of Chinese phonetic rhymes for consideration，instead of being completely out of the history of Chinese phonetic rhyme and standing on the portal，Because of clarifying the evolution of original language to modern dialects，In addition to the internal bet365 live casino games comparison of modern dialects，To a large extent depends on the study of the history of Chinese phonetic rhyme。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "The Voice Features of the Mindong Dialect and its historical evolution research" (15Cyy012) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Academy of Literature of Overseas Chinese University)