Karl-OTTO APEL (Karl-OTTO APEL) is one of the most famous philosophers in the post-war Germany，The new generation of the Frankfurt School，In the priority explanation、Cognitive anthropology、Contributions to the fields of social ethics and other fields。The transformation and reconstruction of the knowledge theory since Kant runs through the entire philosophical career，is one of its most important philosophical ideas。

Since Tipcar，The theme of the possibility of philosophers is entangled with knowledge。In traditional philosophy about this question about this question，The conflict between rationalism and empiricalism has a long history。Performanceism believes that human mind is the basis of all knowledge，and empiricalism believes that people's understanding of the world comes from the senses。

Kant's critical philosophy is based on the ability of critical knowledge，Try to reconcile the opposition between rationalism and empiricism。From the perspective of Kant，On the issue of knowledge theory，rationalism and empiricalism "half paired"，Our concept of the world is formed by the combination of innate understanding forms and bet365 best casino games acquired feelings。On the one hand，Like empiricism，Kant acknowledged the existence of objective things outside，But insist that the self -or -free thing is the basis of the phenomenon，It is an absolutely unacceptable existence; on the other hand，He also partially moves closer to rationalism，The subject of recognition of knowledge has the innate motion of knowledge。"Unknown self -body bodies that stimulate our senses and give us sensory materials，Combination of this sensory material with the comprehensive ability of the subject，It produces the ‘knowledge’。"" Based on the criticism and transformation of traditional epistemology，Kant proposed the preset of the discipline of the duality of the main and guests。This harmonious knowledge theory has profoundly affected future generations，"The state of confrontation between the philosophical world into a" objectism "and 'subjectiveism'。

The "Congenital Comprehensive Judgment" in the preset of Kant knowledge sets a reliable priority basis for knowledge，Make up for the lack of theoretical deficiencies，to a large extent relieves the basic crisis of science。However, in Apel's view，Kant's knowledge theory preset and natural science may be in line，But it is difficult to completely capture the complexity of humanities Bet365 app download and social sciences。Apel's purpose of transforming the knowledge since Kant，I hope to seek a more explanation for natural science and humanities and social sciences、More tolerance philosophical foundation。Arpeer puts Kant's priority philosophy in the contemporary philosophy context，Developed his "Priority Explanation Studies" or "Prosecutors"。Apel puts Kant -style issues of possibility of experience，Converted into "The inevitable prerequisite for us to obtain in words and arguments"。

Apel thinks，"Linguistics Treatment" sentence method -semantics stage does not go out of methodology, only my monotonous circle，To effectively transform Kant's priority philosophy，The theory of cognitive purpose must be played。According to Apel’s opinion，Humans have three basic priority cognitive purpose (interest)，The purpose of controlling the objective emotional world，The purpose of interaction understanding and the purpose of self -reflection of the liberation of criticism。Although these three purpose are indispensable in building human meaningful experience content，But Aper emphasized，Cognitive purpose as a congenital condition for consciousness，It's just one of the necessary conditions for human knowledge。In addition to consciousness Bet365 app download congenital，Another prior condition for human knowledge is the innateness of the body，The two are essential conditions for complementary knowledge。Criticism of any effective form of knowledge，None of these two kinds of complementary knowledge guarantee conditions。"The positive actual activity of human body is a necessary condition for all knowledge，And these activities have an inseparable relationship with the ‘cognitive purpose’ in the knowledge ‘priority’ conditions。”

In the exploration of reconstruction knowledge，Apel used the "language communication community" to enrich Kant's priority category，Face the question of "What is possible for generally effective knowledge"，Try to seek a standardized basis for knowledge from the dimension of language。In his opinion，The reasonable solution of the basic issues of humanities and social sciences and even the basic problems of scientific philosophy is inseparable from the prior concept of language communication，Priority philosophy represented by Kant philosophy is the first interpretation problem。"Under the perspective of knowledge overall，The knowledge of bet365 live casino games interpretation and behavior science can be complementary，You can partially make up for the limited nature of each other。"In addition to the two knowledge of interpretation and behavior science，Apel reminds people to jointly preset the third knowledge，Social science knowledge of critical。"After understanding the restrictions we have received，It is necessary to further surpass this limit。"" in Apel's view，Only through critical social sciences can surpass human self -limitations。The task of critical social science is，"Criticize and reflect on the knowledge and meaning of the law of causality in a critical attitude，​​Let people realize that the laws of behavior mastered by causal knowledge are not generally inevitable phenomena "，so that human knowledge and culture can self -criticize，Keep progressing forward。

Like Habermas，Apel thinks，In addition to the rational and tool rationality of the body，There is still communication rationality between people，With communication，Only to reach the possibility of reaching further consensus。"The perception of perception between humans and nature is based on the interpretation cognitive exchange between people and people，Understanding sometimes occurs local interruptions to analyze its objects with a quasi -objective explanation science to achieve the purpose of understanding。"Critical social science knowledge is the consensus formed on the basis of communication，It reflects bet365 best casino games the negotiation recognition of a certain subject's practical behavior and practical results of another subject。This kind of "practical" subject consensus is also an important way for knowledge acquisition or production。

In short，In Apel's view，The knowledge theory since Kant presets only intended to emphasize the priority level、Human rationality、Nice、Congenital conditions such as ability and other consciousness，Ignoring the congenital nature of the body。"The congenital condition of the body is also in the world of life，It must be displayed through physical action，Is a positive and practical layer，or a quasi-transcendental layer。"Humanities and Social Sciences must seek a solid knowledge foundation，Double guarantees of consciousness and congenital body must be obtained。During the process of renovation and reconstruction knowledge，Apel constructed his ancestral study theory，Make positive attempts and valuable explorations for Western philosophy。

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