The formation and development of the tea source of "Wanli Tea Ceremony"，The result of the evolution of domestic and international commercial roads。In the early Qing Dynasty，After the Tang Dynasty, trapped in the silent Hanshui Shipping Renaissance，Hankou, which meets the intersection of Hanshui and the Yangtze River, has become the "nine provinces" of "Jianghai Trade"。Hankou as the hub，Shipping from Hanshui to Fancheng，Refining Henan to the north、Shanxi、Zhili to Dongkou (Zhangjiakou)，Continue to enter the Mongolian area north，Forms a north -south commercial road between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the north and Mongolia。Tea is one of the main products on this business road，Then enter the Russian market through the Mongolian area。1727，Sino -Russian "Chakkt Treaty" is signed，Open the trading line from Mongolia to the Sino -Russian border port Chaktu，Tea has become the main product of Chakto trade，Farth sales to Moscow and St. Petersburg。

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"Wanli Tea Ceremony" connects the consumer market in the northwest and Russia，The main products are brick tea and black tea。in the south，The shipping and commercial road system centered on Hankou connects several important tea sources，Farter to Wuyi Mountain Tea Area in Chong'an County, Fujian。The works published by Russians, A. Cole Sak, published in 1857, introduced the history of Russia and China ’s business history.，The market for brick tea is mainly in Siberia and Central Asia, Russia，Tea Source is in Hunan Province; the market for black tea is mainly in Russia and Europe，Tea source is in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian。between 1755 and 1762，Russia imports the average annual Chinese tea through Chakto trade from 11,000 Pit to 13,000 Pit (1 Put is equal bet365 live casino games to 16.38 kg)，Among them, about half of the brick tea and white tea。From 1768 to 1785, an average annual import of 29,000 Put，In 1800, it reached 69850 Pute。The average annual import of imports from 1821 to 1830，until the 1940s，Chakto tea trade scale reaches an average annual 270591 Put。In 1848, 369995 Pute，Among them, Baiha Tea 253746 Pute，equivalent to 4156 tons; brick tea 116249 Pute，equivalent to 1904 tons。During a century，Trade volume has increased by more than 20 times。If the brick tea that is smuggled to Siberia and a large number of brick tea in Mongolia，"Wanli Tea Ceremony" trade growth is greater。

During the War of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom，"Wanli Tea Ceremony" tea source has undergone important changes。Homeson because of Wuyi Black Tea North Transport Channel，Jin Shang purchases black tea in the area around Hankou。Previous，Some Cantonese businessmen have promoted black tea production technology in Lianghu。Procurement of Jin Shang，Make two lakes and black tea and Jiangxi Ningli Tea Area adjacent to Hubei replace the Wuyi Tea Area，Become a tea source in the Russian market。China's black tea production area expands to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River，Far in the Wuling Mountain Ethnic Minority Area。

The change of the tea source of "Wanli Tea Ceremony"，further improved the status of Hankou in tea export trade，Change the pattern of China's tea industry。1861，After Hankou opened the port，Due to the vast production area due to its hinterland、Multiple tea sources with complete varieties，Russia、British and other national businessmen come here。1862，Sino -Russian "Land Business Articles of Association" allows Russian merchants to come to Mainland China、Processing and trafficking tea。Russian businessmen immediately come to Hankou to buy tea directly，Open the factory，Commercial tentacles directly to each tea source，And separate offshore commercial roads，Competition with the previous bet365 live casino games monopoly Sino -Russian trading tea source。Hankou, which is gathered by Chinese and foreign tea merchants, became one of the most important tea export collection sites，"The general hub of the tea market in the Yangtze River，E、Xiang、Anhui、Ganzhi's tea is collected here "。("Gengyu July Investigation Domestic Tea Report") from 1873 to 1894，Hankou tea exports accounted for more than 30%of the national tea exports，The highest year is as high as 40 %。Therefore，Hankou is known as "World Tea Port"，Until the decline of the "Miles Tea Ceremony" in the early 20th century，It is the common hub of multiple tea exports including "Wanli Tea Ceremony"。

　The five major tea sources of "Wanli Tea Ceremony"

Anhua Tea Area: Located in Xuefeng Mountain District, central and western Hunan Province。According to Kolzak's description，The slightly bitter Hunan Tea "is often made into a large amount of brick tea"。After the Opium War，Anhua started to produce black tea again。Jinshang Changyuchuan Tea Village Business Document "Commercial Relics" describes the situation of receiving tea in Anhua，Black tea includes flower sets (Bai Liang Tea、Qian Two Tea) and Sanjian Tea (Tianjian Tea and Gongjian Tea)，Black tea includes tea and flower fragrance (tea end)。A group of Jin merchants have changed from merchants to sit in Jia，Open Tea House in Anhua，Acquisition and processing，Such as the famous "Sanhe Tea" and "Xinglongmao" (the predecessor of Zhongcha Anhua Tea Co., Ltd.)。In the late 19th century, Anhua Tea Industry is extremely prosperous，Annual Black Tea nearly 150,000 yuan，700,000 boxes of black tea，is the most important tea area in Hunan。

Hubei Tea Area centered on Yanglou Cave: Including Hubei Puyu、Chongyang、Xianning、Tongshan、Tongcheng and Hunan and Hubei, Hunan and Hubei, Hunan, Hunan,。Puyu's Yanglou Cave is a traditional tea production area，There are Lianggang Hangchang Hankou nearby。Jin Shang who purchased Bet365 app download black tea in Anhua，Where to promote brick tea production technology。In the middle of the Qing Dynasty "Yanglou Cave、Yanglou Master Buying Tea Rules "and other Jin merchant documents，latest to the first half of the 19th century，The brick tea area centered on Yanglou Cave is an important tea source for "Wanli Tea Ceremony"。Jin Shang operating here for a long time，Open Sanyuchuan、Ju Shengchuan、Changyuchuan and many other tea shops named after "Sichuan"。Brick tea printed with the word "Sichuan" is popular in Mongolia and Russia's Siberia。

Wuyi Tea Area: Wuyi Mountain Tea Area, centered on Chong'an County, Fujian, is the birthplace of black tea。18th century，Black tea enters the European market。Wuyi Black Tea Foreign Transport from Xiamei Village、Star Village Launa，North to Jiangxi Liaoshankou Town，Shve Poyang Lake、Enter the Yangtze River，To Hankou to the main line of Wanli Tea Ceremony; or enter the Ganjiang River from Hunan Hunan，Passing the Daling Ridge into the Pearl River Water Department of Guangdong，transport to Guangzhou Export。The Jin Shang "Wuyi Buying Tea Rules" formed by the existing Opium War is detailed in the line from Chong'an County Xingcun to Zhangjiakou。until before the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War，Black tea imported from Russia comes from Wuyi Tea District。10 years from 1842 to 1951，Total Wuyi Black Tea 2022936 Pute，About 33136 tons。

Ning Shi Lai Tea Area: Repair in the northwest of Jiangxi，and adjacent Wuning and Tonggu County，In the territory, there are Xiuhe from west to east and east to Poyang Lake。Xiu Shui was known as Yiningzhou，Therefore, the black tea produced is called Ningzhou black tea，referred to as "Ning Hong"。Local black tea production begins during Daoguang years。According to the Qing Dynasty Ye Tuanyan "Pure Polywood"，"(Ning) Black Tea starts from the Light Season，Jiangxi Estimated Cafe Collection Yining Prefecture，Practice for Black Tea bet365 best casino games for Entrying and Entry "。Ning Hong is the famous Gongfu black tea，It is one of the three high -end black tea in the Yangtze River Basin，Most sold to Russia。1990s，annual export volume of 300,000 boxes。

Yishi Tea Area: Western Wuling Mountains in Hunan and Hubei produced high -quality tea since ancient times，The Qingjiang River in the territory injects in the Yangtze River。According to Gu Cai's "Rongmei Ji Tour" record，early 18th century，Rongmei toast area has initially formed a large -scale tea planting industry，Sold a large number of sold to Xiangtan, Hunan。Daoguang、During the Xianfeng period，Cantonese businessmen come here to promote black tea production technology。，Black tea production and export large -scale development in Wuling Mountain ethnic minority areas，Origin from Hefeng、Changle (later renamed Wufeng) gradually expanded to Shimen and Cili, Hunan。"The name of Yichang tea is" overseas "，It is one of the three high -end black tea in the Yangtze River Basin，The most prosperous annual output of 230,000 boxes。The red flower fragrance is known as the first，It is the top raw material for Hankou Tea Factory to make red brick tea。

　The historical significance of the tea source of "Wanli Tea Ceremony"

"Wanli Tea Ceremony" is an upgraded version of "tea and horse trade" in history。Source of tea sources from Sichuan、Shaanxi Tea Area transfer to the tea area of ​​the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River，It is a major change in the history of Chinese tea industry and trade。Tang and Song Dynasties，Tea drinking customs are introduced into the grassland animal husbandry area and the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau area，Gradually from luxury goods to daily necessities。Due to the fact that the ethnic minority areas in the northwest and the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau do not produce tea，From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty，Official business tea and horse trade rise，The most prosperous to the Ming Dynasty，continues until the beginning of Bet365 app download the Qing Dynasty。is convenient for transaction，Tea source is mainly in Hanzhong and Sichuan, Shaanxi。16th century，Anhua "Lake Tea" from the middle of the Yangtze River began to enter the northwest。In the early Qing Dynasty，The central government strengthened Mongolia、Control in the Tibetan area，Official tea -horse trade withdrawn from the historical stage during the Yongzheng period，Jin merchants who control the northern border trade can sell tea and other products from the mainland to the border minority areas from the Mainland，Exchange special products。For this，Go to the south to find the origin of the tea source and other border products，It is an important historical background for the revival of Hanshui Channel and the rise of Hankou。In history、The relationship between the long -lasting trade exchanges，It is an important result of the consolidation and development of the unified multi -nation country of the Qing Dynasty。

The rise of "Wanli Tea Ceremony"、The emergence of export tea sources，was an important part of the economic globalization process at that time。The late 17th century to the 18th century，European commercial forces enter the Far East from the sea road in the south and land on the north，Find a commodity of a commodity。Tea is introduced into Europe，Become a popular daily consumer product for decades，It is a necessity for life in the United Kingdom and Russia。Therefore，Tea trade has quickly become an extremely important driving force for China -Europe trade growth。to the 19th century，Tea has always been one of the main trading products between China and Europe。Black tea with little domestic consumption in Europe in the European market，The brick tea required by the northern border trade and foreign trade is also a variety that does not consume in the Mainland，Therefore，A group of tea sources that are mainly exported and border sales have emerged，Change the production pattern Bet365 lotto review of domestic tea，It also makes the Chinese tea industry closely linked with the international market。From this，The prosperity and decline of China's tea industry has become part of the process of economic globalization。

　(The author is the National Social Science Fund's major project "‘ Wanli Tea Ceremony ’Tea Industry Information Collection and Research” sub -project leader，Professor of History and Culture College of Hubei University、Doctoral supervisor，Vice Dean of the Wanli Tea Ceremony Research Institute)