The formation and development of the Wuzhong Water Conservancy Research Project that lasted two hundred years in the Song Dynasty，Display how the new social academic issues are potential needs from social reality，Guide through the country's policy，Become a manifestation under the active participation of intellectuals。No doubt，Research topics solve the problem of Wuzhong water in the Song Dynasty、Maintaining the safety of the people's lives and property、Make sure that agricultural production and national fiscal revenue have played a huge role。

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The Song people said "Wuzhong Water Conservancy", "Wumen Water Conservancy" and "Sanwu Water Conservancy" all refers to the Taihu area。Taihu ancient name Zhenze、Positive area，The terrain of the terrain、Water to remove water，Gu Yanwu has a very brief narrative based on the theory of Water Resources Scholars in the Song Dynasty: "South of West，、Lake、Hang、The original of the mountains of the mountains，(Water) There is a self -cricket、Come here;、歙、Pond、Jiuyang River Water，There are those who come from Wuyan;、Danyang of Yanling and Jingshan Water of Yixing，From Jingxi、Those who come to every blame; while the northeast is the water of Changzhou，Those who come from the Pavilion。Although its way to enter the sea is called Sanjiang，Erjiang has been absolutely，Only Wu Songyi River ... Both coastal and rivers are all Okangfu，or leaning with it，Compared with the Panpad。"" That is to say，Taihu Lake is a plate -shaped depression centered on Tahu，Therefore, it is easy to gather the water of the Quartet; the altitude of the eastern plain is between 2.5-3.5 meters，Gradually rising from west to east，Therefore。Since the end of the Tang Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty，Taihu Drainage into the Northeast of Sanjiang, Haitou、Lou Jiang in the southeast、Dongjiang has been stubborn，Only Wusong Yijiang (Ancient also name Wujiang、Songjiang、bet365 Play online games Wu Songjiang、Songlingjiang)，Therefore, the pressure of water in the Taihu area of ​​the Song Dynasty far exceeds the predecessor。But the Wingjiang River in the Song Dynasty is tortuous，Because of the construction of water transportation to build a stone pond to the east of Taihu Lake，Add to occupation，"Plant with 菰、Reeds ... Multi -streaming in the middle "，Sui Renpin Cuscaping。Every time to rainy season，The people of Wu Zhong "have a little -to -fish"，The crops planted "Suddenly"。At the same time，The Taihu area has been a national financial fund since the Tang Dynasty，Only based on the "Suhu Cooked in the early Southern Song Dynasty，World Football "can see the importance of its economic status。Therefore，Research and governance Wu Zhongshui suffer，Solve the problem of frequent disasters，Is the times in front of the Song people、A urgent topic that is closely related to the livelihood of the country and the people's livelihood。

　　State's policy orientation

The operation of the central centralized political system of the Song Dynasty requires a huge national fiscal revenue support，The rulers of the rulers attached great importance to the agriculture as "Zhaomin's industry"。As far as the construction of water conservancy infrastructure is concerned，Although the early Song Dynasty repeatedly governed the yellow、Leading Yellow River water irrigation field，Fix the ancient Zhengqu、Bai Qu and other irrigation canal，But most of the matter for a while。to the New Deal of Qingli、The era of Xifeng reform，The national level pays more attention to the guidance of legislation and policies，Guide local officials and private intellectuals to pour out their minds and intelligence，Make research water conservancy、Organize the construction of water conservancy to become a "normalization" behavior。For example, the sixth "Hounun Sang" listed in the "Answers to the Ten Thousand Things" of the New Political Political Flavor of Qingli，It is emphasized that it should actively build water conservancy in the Taihu area，so that the people are not sleepy and the country is not false。The specific measure is，"Autumn per year，Lower the Lower Road Transfer Department，Let the state bet365 Play online games officials and officials under the jurisdiction of the people and the people of farmers and mulberry be promoted、Destroyer，or Kaishou canal，or build dyke weir ponds and the like;，Fixing in February every year in February "，and as an important political achievement for officials for officials。Fan's herself had a bleached white when I knew Suzhou before、Qiya and other Tangpu。When Xifeng reforms，The court established the Division of the Three Division，Local administrative institutions have also carried out reforms，Created a lifting Changping、Guanghui Cang also controls hook farmland water conservancy differences，As a new road -level supervisor。In the second year of Xining (1069)，The special farmland water conservancy law "Treaty of the Farmland" (also known as "Farm Interest Constraint")。A total of 8 models of the "Delivery Treaty of Farmland"，The necessity of water conservancy project、Plan、Construction and funding sources have been made in detail。Especially encouraging scholars to actively study water conservancy、suggestions for suggestions，"The words of their words and names、Event，Waiting for implementation 讫，Follow the utilitarian rewards;，Recruitment of Material Materials "。For active organization、Local officials who built farmland water conservancy projects also give rewards、Promotion: "With the transfer officer or promoted、reduction of annual grinding survey、Funding，or Give Golden Ling Ling Risi，or selection knows tap Tongtang、Di Yangou、The most county score of the landlord，or Chizhou Prefecture、Tong Judgment，Order the water conservancy of the inner Xingxiu farmland in the promotion department。Zi Qian，and order power。Its non -county Lingzuo，is the road supervisor、Pipe Grand Grace Digital Committee painting，If it can be used as，Also measures the utilitarian size ratio award。"" Since then，"Four Fights Follow Farmland Water Conservancy"，"or、or Shang、or farm、or Li、or those who are sinful，Make Chengyi Yici，or call to Zhongshu、or go to Si Nong ...、Give Golden "。Although there are inevitably a small number of abuses，But the overall results of the bet365 best casino games development of the national water conservancy industry, including Wu Zhong's water conservancy, are very significant。According to the "Song of the Song Dynasty" record，Only Xining three to nine years，On the two Zhejiang Road, there are more than 1,900 water conservancy water conservancy，The irrigation area reaches more than 100,000 hectares，The irrigation area of ​​the Water Conservancy Project of Liang Zhejiang Road accounted for one -third of the country。It can be said，Wu Zhongshui Research as a new academic issue is erected in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty，Become a manifestation and serve social practice at that time，Policy orientation of the Song Dynasty is one of the most important reasons。

　　The response and responsibility of intellectuals

Call of national policy、Guidance，Officials and private intellectuals of the two Zhejiang Road have been invested in the water conservancy project of Wuzhong。Renzong Shizhong Weishi Suzhou people 郏亶，Soon your own research results "Shang Suzhou Water Conservancy Book" and "Shangzhitian Book" (later compiled as "Wumen Water Conservancy Book"，He summarized the problems existing in Wuzhong's water conservancy governance since the end of the Tang Dynasty，The so -called "six losses"; I put forward my own opinion，The so -called "six gains"; and also proposed the "seven theory of interests"。In summary，Its water treatment strategy is the water treatment of the water first、Water treatment and drought、Low Takada Division、Reasonable use of previous generation water conservancy projects; the principle of "who benefits and who benefits" in terms of construction funds，Mobilize the people to contribute to the money。Deep view，Therefore, it is appreciated by Shenzong and Wang Anshi，Directed as Sinong Temple、Promoting Liang Zhejiang Road Xingxiu Water Conservancy。Dan's water treatment plan is a very large system engineering，It was impossible for the socio -economic conditions of the time to be completed in the short term (at least 5 years he said)。He also underestimated all the contradictions in the project construction process，As a result, cause group incidents，I was dismissed in the final six months。Son of 郏亶 侨 侨 侨 侨，Yiming Bet365 app download in Wuzhong Water Conservancy，The "Water Conservancy Book" in the "Water Conservancy Book" is accurate to the Taihu Water system、Comprehensive understanding，Therefore, the first idea is to regulate Jiangning (now Nanjing)，Times to rectify the water limit system for rectifying the respective politics of Suzhou's counties，Three -guided Qinglongjiang (Qinglong Town Section of the Host Road, Wusongjiang) opens thirty Pu。At the same time, it is emphasized that the opening of Putang must pay attention to setting up weir gates to prevent rivers and rising sand，persuaded the people to make、Junjingyu to rule the field，Otherwise, there must be a stuffy suffering。After this view, it was taken seriously by Zhejiang Water Conservancy Zhao Lin、Adopt。

Compared with the grand blueprint for the treatment of water control and the development of agricultural production closely,，Zeng Shi's water treatment theory from the Changzhou scholars from Hu Yan directly hit the key、More feasible。He believes that since it is water treatment，The most urgent goal is of course to treat "water"，Ji Tian、Treatment of dry drought can be done first，Therefore, one is called "The Water of the Water of the Edge"、Then said "I want to vent the water of the Three State Today"。The method of Chen Zhi's water in the "Water Conservancy Book of Wuzhong" is simply speaking，1 is to make the Wusong River leakage channel，Increase the displacement of Taihu Lake; the second is to quote the northwest Nanjing、Changzhou and other places come to the Yangtze River in the north，Make Southwest Guangde、Water in Xuanzhou and other places not to note Taihu Lake，Reduce the amount of water entry in Taihu Lake。This was the flow of Wujiang Changdi in Renzong Calendar at the time、Destruction of the water environment and the failure of water treatment，It brings to people for transportation first、Reflection of Zhitian's prevailing water treatment view。Single，Traversing Sanzhou (Su、Frequently、Lake) Waterway。After 30 years，Fan Yigou and One Desert，Nothing around the sophisticated "，It can be seen that its book is not only the inheritance of existing research results (such as "郏 郏")，It is also written on the basis of in -depth investigation bet365 Play online games and research。Another as a Shaoxing person, Fu Shi Ji Jian Ji "Jue Songjiang Qian Dun、Jincheng Takuka Hui，Displaying "，At the same time, "Wuxian Weir of Wuxi，Enter Beijiang to reduce Taihu Lake; guide the sea salt of Lu Lipu，Enter Zhejiang Water with Wusong with Wu Yong "。Words，It is to restore the original Sanjiang drainage system of Taihu Lake instead of just relying on Wusong Yijiang，and cut the Wusong River channel straight to flow directly。retired official Zhu Changwen，In its "Wujun Tu Shou Ji", "Water Treatment" also discussed the treatment of Wu Zhongshui。

The new issue of Wuzhong Water Conservancy Research has emerged in the Renzong era、The Shenzong era became post -learning，until the late Southern Song Dynasty，There are still many intellectuals continue to note and study，But the main body has changed from ordinary scholars to officials。Zhenghe Six Years (1116) Pingjiang Mansion (now Suzhou) Cao Zhao Lin played "Thirty -Six Patthum" (also known as "Sports and Treatment of Water Conservancy")，It can be summarized in three sentences in its views: not rush to Kaipu，Kaipu Mo is anxious to set the gate，Setting the gate is good at approaching (go to the river and sea without exceeding five miles)。Also pay attention to "building the shore wrap field"，That is, the bank of the building to Gu Mintian。Hui Zong ordered Zhao Lin to be responsible for the construction of Changping for the two Zhejiang Zhejiang，Plan "Open One River、Yigang、浦、Fifty -eight Dead "。Zhao Lin's theory obviously comes directly，But it also absorbed the father and son of the Matthery、The point of view of the gate。Huzhou people in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty、Supervisor in the Metropolitan Institute Li Jie's "Three Agreement of Rich Temple"，Governing Wu Zhongshui to adhere to Dunben、Cooperation、Three principles due to time。Dunben refers to "specialized field"，"Tianan Johnsown，Water damage to go "，This view has returned to the position of 郏亶 to a certain extent。"Cooperation" refers to the funding for water treatment by the household、Tianzhu、The common burden of the government three parties。"Time" refers to the Panying Spring Festival，The public will inevitably have complaints，bet365 Play online games The government can start in the year of the disaster's hunger。Li Zongjing Dingzhong (1261)，Cixi people、Huang Zhen Shang, who works in Suzhou, wrote a long paper on Wuzhong Water Conservancy，Only 15 years from Song Dynasty to the Song Dynasty，The emergence of the new issue of Shangli Wuzhong Water Conservancy has been up to 200 years。These Song Dynasty intellectuals，Actively respond to the national call，Betting your life and wisdom in the study of social realistic problems related to the people's livelihood，Indeed, "establishing life for the people，It is expected to open the peace for all generations。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the "Song Dynasty Agricultural Book Research" of the National Social Science Fund Project、A specially appointed professor at Minjiang University of Wenzhou University)