The concept of the index of language art，"Literature" predicate，The world is called，and the source changes have always been unknown。Lu Xun thinks，"Literature" concept lost from Japan，Translated from English。This understanding is more representative，Speed ​​the convention，Several conclusions。But it splits the internal cultural logic of "Literature" in the concept history，Ignoring the adjustment and transformation of this concept in the conflict of heterogeneous cultural conflicts，has deviated from history。In fact，The "Literature" with Chinese cultural characteristics has general applicationability and vigorous vitality in the long historical process，Drives important social and cultural functions，and in bet365 live casino games cross -cultural communication activities during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The concept of "Litors" in the West，It laid a solid foundation for the discipline system of the modern discipline。

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Calling "Literature"，The public derived from the "Dex of the Analects of Confucius · Advanced"、Words、Political Affairs、Literature "four subjects。Song Xing Xuan Shu "Literature" is "Article Literature"。"Literature" although in the Analects of Confucius only at first sight，But in the pre -Qin sons' literature, the case is quite good。Xunzi uses the "Hua Division Law、Jiji Literature、Dao Liyi "is the standard for gentlemen;、Xi Yan Talk "Those who do not work without working。In the concept of Mozi，"Everyone talks、From the literature as the Tao，It is necessary to set up a righteous law "，The way of saying words is "book、Original、Used "three methods。This is the earliest articles in China。"Literature" has the meaning of "literature"，A specific meaning of "practice" with "talk" and "literature" also contains "practice articles"。Visible，"Literature" in the pre -Qin period is not simply marked academic literacy，Also on the rational bet365 Play online games germination of the concept of articles。

It is because "literature" grew in the concept of pre -Qin，and the meaning of the many levels of the spiritual activity of the "shape and ink"，Therefore, this concept was applied in the later historical and cultural activities，and select in different fields through selection、Reconstruction、Fuyi、Reconstruction，Forms a distinctive characteristics。Total to say，Roughly manifested in the following levels。

One，Measure the academic ability of the scholar with "literature"，can be described as "the ability of literature"。Since the Qin and Han dynasties，"Literature" as an important cultural concept，Always bearing the evaluation function of writing skills such as dotted literature。History，Emperor Han Ling "Good Literature，Create "Emperor's Articles" 50 chapters，Because the students can be a person who can be a person and wait for the Hongdu Gate "。The relationship between "can be educated" and "literature" is self -explanatory。"The Three Kingdoms" contains Cao Yizhen: "Emperor Good Literature，Taking the writing as a business，Zi Ling into hundreds of articles。"Cao Yu's poem" Love，Trimination，Trimming，Lisheng，There are two ancient and modern "，There is also literary theory "Code thesis · Thesis" for passed down，This so -called "literature" should have the meaning of "poetry"。

"Literature" meaning changes due to the times，But as a talent assessment discourse is stable。Liu Yiqing in the Southern Dynasty is "World Say"，Record Wei and Jin Shi Shi Travel，The first four doors，Like the Fourkes of Konmen，Among them, "Literature" is divided into two parts: "academic" and "poetry"，Talking about mystery、Pinzan character、雅，Become an important constituent in the history of Chinese culture。There are no example，Records of cultural life beyond the history of the Tang Dynasty and Ming and Qing dynasties，It also affects the popularization and deepening of the concept of "literature"。

Its two，Administrative officer who is responsible for education with "literature"，can be described as "the position of literature"。Han Wei Six Dynasties，"Literature" as a standard for evaluating scholars' bet365 live casino games articles that can be integrated into the official system。Emperor Hanwu Chong Confucianism，Li Taixue，Dr. Yan，Guangcha Labo，Dr. Taixue，and make up for Dr. Dr. "Good Literature"，Ecological changes to "literary quality Binbin" to the Han Dynasty politics。Xiangxue and Tai Xue，"School officials in the world and counties"，named "County Literature", "County Literature 掾", "History of Literature of County Literature"。The Economic Bureau of the Economic Affairs of the Tang Dynasty，Among them, "Three Literature，Positive Six Products，Divided into Classics，Servant Articles "; Doctor of Local Guanxue Zhongfu County Classics PhD，Professor Zhu Sheng with the "Five Classics"，Dezong was changed to "Literature"。Sinic official learning profoundly affects the development of education in feudal society countries。From this，"Literature" has the meaning of "education"，But this does not mean that this concept is peeled off the meaning of "standing words" and "well -known drawing"。

Its three，"Literature" marked the nature differences in the nature of the imperial examination，can be described as "Division of Literature"。Sui and Tang dynasties to drop，The imperial examination has the revolution。But regardless of the development of the imperial examination，Form、Content、How to change standards and principles，It is often called "literature" and "science of literature"，or referred to as "liberal arts"。This is the approach of the imperial examination title。Under the title of "Liberal Arts", the imperial examination began in the martial arts of the Tang Dynasty，Differential，It is known as "liberal arts" and "martial arts"。To the Ming Dynasty，"The Order of the Second Culture and Martial Arts Division of Wu in the first year of Wu"，"14 years of Chenghua，Please from the eunuch Wang Zhi，Set Wudo Township、Will try，悉 "。So，"Literature" and "Liberal Arts" have mutually literary characteristics in the imperial examination era，This is also the reason for the concept of "literature" in the Chinese and Western Conferences.。

Four，Academic categories divided by "literature"，can be described as "the genus of literature"bet365 Play online games 。With the gradual complexity of cultural activities，The division of its theory as history is inevitable。Liu Song Yuanjia fifteen years，Pay attention to art，Confucianism、metaphysics、History、Literature Fourth Hall。Four Learning Board，"Confucianism" and "Literature" are no longer the same.，"Literature" enters academic history with an independent attitude，Have a disciplinary recognition value。These concepts have spawned changes in the classification of Chinese classics。Affected by this concept，Fan Ye also established "Wenyuan Biography"，Two -tier and "Biography of Rulin"。The characters described by "Wenyuan Biography"，Most of the "Eraders" and "Good Hard Essay" for evaluation。Nearly Qian Jibo Yun: "From Fan Ye's" Hou Han Book "created the example of‘ Wenyuan Biography ’，The history of the later generations。"" Later history, "Literature Biography" or "Literature and Art"，And the name of "literature" is nearly half of。

Total，It is because of "literature" derivatives in the sense of historical semantics、Openness and the characteristics of science，Therefore, the possibility of "live" bet365 best casino games in Chinese and Western cultural exchanges。

　Repeated quotient to add new words

In European language，"LITERATURE" only appeared in English until the 14th century，The meaning of "learning and broad knowledge"。accompanied by the in -depth deepening of the Renaissance，Modern Education Days Certainly，National Literature is developed，Language and literature gradually enrich，The meaning of the word means transfer，In order to refer to "those wisdom、Moral、aesthetic、Politics、works with national value and character "，It has also gradually become a specific subject concept in European education。Until the rise of romantic literature in the 19th century，It began to refer to high -level language art based on emotion and imagination。So，"Literature" and "LITATURINRE" have a heterogeneous homogeneous evolutionary law in the long history，and in their early days, they also have a similar cultural meaning。

Based on this，"Literature", "Liberal Arts", "Literature and Art" and other concepts of interoperability，A translation with "Literanture" bet365 best casino games in Chinese and Western bet365 live casino games cross -cultural communication，Affairs of the task of undertaking heterogeneous cultural dialogue。and this cross -cultural communication process can be roughly divided into two stages: one is the Jesus of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to China; the other is the late Qing Dynasty to teach in the late Qing Dynasty。These religious people come to China with clear religious purpose，But their cultural activities act as "unconscious historical tools"，Objectively promoting the communication of Eastern and Western culture。These exchanges are not unilateral communication，At the end of the Ming Dynasty、Li Yan、Shen Defu、Yuan Hongdao and other literati and Jesus have a close relationship with Jesus，And Xu Guangqi、Yang Tingyu、Li Zhizao and others directly intervene in it，They "repeatedly ask for，Add new words "，contribute to the concept of Chinese and Western literature。​​This situation still exists in the cultural activities，Because the Qing government is banned，The bottom -level scholars participating in it are not famous。

In the first stage，The more representative is Ai Ru Lian。In "The Discipline of the Vocational Party" and "Xi Xuefan"，He introduced the situation of "establishment of school officials" after the European Renaissance of the European Renaissance，System involved、Discipline、Studies and other contents have an overview of the disciplines of literature。Due to cultural differences，Translation of European Literature Discipline，Ai Rurong has not unified names，Instead, it is based on the concepts of "literature", "literature and art", "liberal arts"。"Outside Discipline" load，"Ou Lingba countries are still literary"，"There are four types of liberal arts: one ancient sage training，History books in all countries，A variety of poems，One article discussion "。Cosmetic "Xi Xuefan"，It is detailed: "The subject is admitted to，Although the country has each method，Little Great Tong，Six subjects: one is liberal arts，It is called Ledteratura，‘Literature’);，Filosofia，‘Philosophy’)。"In the introduction of the test rules, he said:" Literature Bet365 app download has become，is to get it，Make advance in Confucianism。"Yang Tingzhang, the assistant of Ai Ruhilian, said in the" Discipline of Delicate "to discuss the relationship between European education:"，It has depths in its entry，Originally literary，Times has poor learning。"The two -person narrative can be invented with each other。The first encounter of the concept of east and west literature，Long -term affecting Chinese and Japanese scholars' recognition and translation of "Literator"。

In the second stage，The concept of "Literature" will be more specific，It is mainly reflected in three levels。First is the Protestant missionary Marizon、Wei San Fei、Metus、In the Chinese and English dictionary published by Luo Cunde，Independent interpretation of "Literature" and its related concepts，and eventually translate "LITERATURE" and "Literature"。These dictionaries have great benefits to the dictionary compilation after the Meiji Restoration of Japan。Next，Missionary newspapers and other writings of the concept of deepening the west literary view。1822，Dezi Shi Shi Publishing CHINESE NOVELS，Introducing Chinese Language and Literature from the perspective of national literature。1857，Ai Joseph began to introduce ancient Greek Roman literature in "Liuhe Cong Tan" in "Liuhe Cong"，Clarify the translation of the concept of "literature" in the East and the West，and have a comparative literary academic value。1867，Weilie Yali Published Notes on Chinese Litors，Use the four parts of the four -type method to sink China Dedication、Poetry and vernacular novels。again，Some scholars in China edit and use foreign newspapers，Looking at the world，The concept of helping the literary concept will be available。The more representative is Wei Yuan’s "Sea State Map"，Introduce the cultural status of the Western country with the concept of "literature"，The United States said: "Put the preface，Into spell、martial arts、Literature "; describing New York said:" There is a library teaching literature "; Introduction of Morrison refers to" the word of China，If you know your literature，is far away "。Eastern and Western intellectuals bet365 live casino games cross -cultural communication activities in the Xian Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty，Provided certain ideological motivation for the Meiji Restoration Movement of Japan，Also helps the concept of "literature"。

In short，"Literature" concept is generating、During the source change process，Means multiple，After culverts，and complete things in the process of bet365 live casino games cross -cultural communication。Although it gradually became an important discipline concept in the Japanese modern education system after the Meiji Restoration of Japan，It has influenced China's modern literary thought，But this is just a phenomenon of "cultural feeding"。A gradual process of ignoring its transformation and changes，It is undoubtedly a historical nihilism，It also caused many fields of Chinese literature research to lose its original legitimacy。

　　(The author is the head of the concept of Chinese ‘literature’ general project “the origin and generation of the concept of Chinese 'literature”、Professor of the School of Arts of Liaoning University)