The concept of reference as language art，The so-called "bet365 bonus code 2023"，Praised by the world，The source of change has always been unclear。Lu Xun thinks，The concept of “bet365 bonus code 2023” was lost to Japan，Translated from English。This understanding is relatively representative，Convention，Almost a conclusion。But it separates the orderly internal cultural logic of “bet365 bonus code 2023” in the history of concepts，Ignores the adaptation and transformation of this concept in heterogeneous cultural conflicts，Has deviated from historical authenticity。In fact，“bet365 bonus code 2023” with Chinese cultural characteristics has universal application and strong vitality in the long historical process，Undertakes important social and cultural functions，And in the cross-cultural communication activities during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Understanding the Western concept of “bet365 bonus code 2023”，Laid a solid academic foundation for entering the modern disciplinary discourse system。

　　Obvious generalization means plurality

Citing "bet365 bonus code 2023"，Everyone recommends the "virtue" derived from "The Analects·Advanced"、Words、Political affairs、Four subjects of bet365 bonus code 2023。Xing Bing of Song Dynasty wrote "bet365 bonus code 2023" as "erudite articles"。Although "bet365 bonus code 2023" is only seen once in "The Analects"，But there are many examples in the bet365 bonus code 2023 of pre-Qin scholars。Xunzi uses "the method of transforming teachers、Ji bet365 bonus code 2023、Tao, etiquette and righteousness are the standards of a gentleman；Han Fei criticized "renovating bet365 bonus code 2023、Those who are good at talking will get something for nothing。In Mozi’s concept，"Everything you say、bet365 bonus code 2023 is the Tao，It is impossible without first establishing a law of justice”，The way to turn words into writing has its roots、Original、Use "three methods"。This is China’s earliest concept of writing techniques。“bet365 bonus code 2023” means “documents and classics”，Also uses "talk" and "bet365 bonus code 2023" together to include the specific meaning of "practice articles"。Visible，“bet365 bonus code 2023” in the pre-Qin period no longer simply indicates academic literacy，Also relates to the rational germination of the concept of article creation。

It is precisely because "bet365 bonus code 2023" grew up in the pre-Qin cultural concepts，The meaning points to many aspects of the spiritual activity of "Xingzhuwenmo"，So this concept has been widely used in subsequent historical and cultural activities，And through selection in the process of communication in different fields、Reconstruction、Assigning meaning、Renovation，formed distinct characteristics of acculturation。In general，Roughly manifested in the following levels。

一，Using "bet365 bonus code 2023" to measure the academic ability of scholars' articles，It can be called "literary ability"。Since Qin and Han Dynasties，“bet365 bonus code 2023” as an important cultural concept，has been responsible for the evaluation of writing skills such as epigraphs and diction。Historical Records，Emperor Han Ling "Good bet365 bonus code 2023，Self-made "Huang Xi Pian" Chapter 50，Because of the introduction of those who are talented in bet365 bonus code 2023 and talent, they will be controlled by Hongdu's disciples"。The relationship between "being able to write essays" and "bet365 bonus code 2023" is self-evident。"Three Kingdoms" records Cao Pi's story: "The emperor was good at bet365 bonus code 2023，Writing as a priority，Hundreds of articles by myself。"Cao Pi's poem "Love"，Inclination，Qingse，Qingsheng，Unmatched in ancient and modern times”，Another literary theory "Dianlun·wen" has been handed down，The so-called "bet365 bonus code 2023" should have the meaning of "poetry"。

The meaning of “bet365 bonus code 2023” changes with the times，But as a talent evaluation discourse it is stable。"Shi Shuo" by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasties，Recording the deeds of scholars in the Wei and Jin Dynasties，Four doors in the first row，Just like the four subjects of Confucius，The “bet365 bonus code 2023” branch is divided into two parts: “Academic” and “Poetry”，Talking about metaphysics、Pinzao characters、Elegant Poems，Becoming an important component in the history of Chinese culture。There are many examples of "Shishuo style" texts in later generations，Responsible for the records of cultural life beyond the official history of the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties，Also affects the popularization and deepening of the concept of "bet365 bonus code 2023"。

　Second，Administrative officials responsible for education are called “bet365 bonus code 2023”，It can be said to be a "literary position"。Han, Wei and Six Dynasties Period，“bet365 bonus code 2023” has been integrated into the official academic system as a criterion for evaluating the talents of scholars’ classic works。Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty worshiped Confucianism，Establishing Taixue，Dr. Yan，Guangchaju，Electing Doctors of Taixue based on the official standard of “virtuous bet365 bonus code 2023”，And use “good bet365 bonus code 2023” as a doctoral student，The ecological changes that brought "Binbin of culture and quality" to the politics of the Han Dynasty。Standing with Taixue，"Every county in the world has school officials"，In the name of "County bet365 bonus code 2023", "County bet365 bonus code 2023", "County bet365 bonus code 2023 History"。In the Tang Dynasty, the Economic Bureau was established，Among them "three literary people"，Below the sixth grade，Scriptures of Distinguished Knowledge，Service Article”；A doctor of Confucian classics in Zhongfu County, a local official school，Teaching all living beings with the "Five Classics"，Changed to "bet365 bonus code 2023" during Dezong's reign。The Han system of official education profoundly affected the development of national education in feudal society。Therefore，“bet365 bonus code 2023” has the meaning of “education”，But this does not mean that this concept is stripped of the academic meaning of "building a statement into a text" and "knowing the classics"。

　Third，Using “bet365 bonus code 2023” to indicate the difference in nature of imperial examination activities，It can be said to be the "subject of bet365 bonus code 2023"。Sui and Tang Dynasties，The history of the imperial examination。But regardless of the development process of the imperial examination，Form、Content、How standards and principles change，It is often called "bet365 bonus code 2023" and "the subject of bet365 bonus code 2023"，or simply "liberal arts"。This is the general agreement on the imperial examination titles。The term "liberal arts" for the imperial examination began with the martial arts examination in the mid-Tang Dynasty，For distinction，It is also known as "liberal arts" and "martial arts"。Until tomorrow，"The Order of the First Year of Wu to Establish the Civil and Military Subjects to Recruit Scholars"，"The fourteenth year of Chenghua，Please come from eunuch Wang Zhi，Established in Wuke Township、Interview，Look at the liberal arts examples”。So，“bet365 bonus code 2023” and “liberal arts” had intertextual characteristics in the imperial examination era，This is also the reason why the concept of "bet365 bonus code 2023" is often replaced by the word "liberal arts" in Chinese and Western exchanges。

　Fourth，The academic category of spiritual activities divided by “bet365 bonus code 2023”，It can be said to be a "genus of bet365 bonus code 2023"。With the increasing complexity of cultural activities，The division of academic theories has become a historical necessity。The fifteenth year of Liu Song and Yuan Jia，Emperor Wen paid attention to art，Establishing Confucianism、Metaphysics、History、bet365 bonus code 2023 Hall Four。Four-credit column，"Confucianism" and "bet365 bonus code 2023" are no longer the same，“bet365 bonus code 2023” enters academic history with an independent attitude，Have the value of recognition in the subject。These concepts gave rise to changes in the classification of Chinese classics。Influenced by this concept，Fan Ye established a separate "Biography of Wenyuan" in "Book of the Later Han"，Tied with "The Scholars"。Characters recorded in "Wenyuan Biography"，Mostly evaluated as "those who can write" and "who are good at writing"。Contemporary Qian Jiboyun said: "Since Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" created the example of "Wenyuan Biography"，What are the reasons for the history of later generations。" Later official histories were often written as "Literary Biography" or "Literary Biography"，Nearly half of the people are named "bet365 bonus code 2023"。

In summary，It is precisely because "bet365 bonus code 2023" has a derivative meaning in historical semantics、Openness and academic traits，That’s why there is the possibility of understanding “bet365 bonus code 2023” in the cultural exchange between China and the West。

　Repeated discussions and added new words

In European languages，“bet365 bonus code 2023” did not appear in English until the 14th century，It means "erudite and broad-minded"。With the deepening of the Renaissance，Modern education is becoming increasingly mature，National bet365 bonus code 2023 develops，Languages ​​and genres are gradually enriched，The meaning of the word has shifted，Used to refer to "those who are wise、Moral、Aesthetic、Political、Works with national value and character”，has gradually become a specific subject concept in European education。Until the rise of romantic bet365 bonus code 2023 in the 19th century，It just began to refer to advanced language arts based on emotion and imagination。So，“bet365 bonus code 2023” and “bet365 bonus code 2023” have a heterogeneous and isomorphic evolution pattern in their long history，And they also had similar cultural connotations in their early days。

Based on this，“bet365 bonus code 2023”, “liberal arts”, “literary arts” and other concepts with intertextual characteristics，The translation of "bet365 bonus code 2023" was formed in the cross-cultural communication between China and the West，Undertake the task of dialogue between heterogeneous cultures。This process of cross-cultural communication can be roughly divided into two stages: one is the arrival of the Jesuits in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties；The second one is the late Qing Dynasty’s movement from the west to the east。These religious people come to China with clear religious purposes，But their cultural activities serve as "unconscious historical tools"，Objectively promotes the exchange of Eastern and Western cultures。These exchanges are not one-way communication，Jiao Hong in the late Ming Dynasty、Li Zhi、Shen Defu、Yuan Hongdao and other literati had close contacts with the Jesuits，And Xu Guangqi、Yang Tingyun、Li Zhizao and others directly intervened，They "discussed repeatedly"，Add new words”，Contribute to the communication of Chinese and Western literary concepts。This situation still exists in the cultural activities of late Protestant missionaries，Only because the Qing government banned religion，The low-level scholars involved have little reputation。

In the first stage，The more representative one is Ai Julius。In "Zhi Fang Wai Ji" and "Xixue Fan"，He introduced the situation of "building schools and establishing officials" in modern education disciplines after the European Renaissance，Academic system involved、Discipline、There is an overview of the literary discipline in academic regulations and other contents。Due to cultural differences，Translation of European literary disciplines，Ajulius has not yet unified his name，Instead, it is referred to by concepts such as "bet365 bonus code 2023", "literary arts" and "liberal arts"。Contained in "Staff Party External Records"，"All countries in Europa value bet365 bonus code 2023"，“There are four kinds of liberal arts: one is the famous teachings of ancient sages，A history book of various countries，A variety of poems，One article discussion”。See "Xixuefan"，The description is more detailed: "Subject examinations，Although every country has its own laws，Small differences but big similarities，The essentials are all in six subjects: one is liberal arts，Called letteratura，‘bet365 bonus code 2023’)；One is science，Called Filosofia，‘Philosophy’)。" When introducing the examination regulations, he said: "bet365 bonus code 2023 has become a reality，Get it now，Enter Neo-Confucianism。" Yang Tingyun, Ai Julius' assistant, introduced the hierarchical relationship of European education in "Dai Jie Chapter" and said: "There are steps in learning，It has different depths，In the beginning there was bet365 bonus code 2023，The study of finite finite principles。”Two people’s narratives can invent each other。The first encounter between Eastern and Western literary concepts，Long-term influence on Chinese and Japanese scholars’ understanding and translation of “bet365 bonus code 2023”。

In the second stage，The understanding of the concept of "bet365 bonus code 2023" is more specific，Mainly reflected in three levels。First, the Protestant missionary Morrison、Wei Sanwei、Mados、In the Chinese-English dictionary published by Luo Cunde，Involves the independent interpretation of "bet365 bonus code 2023" and related concepts，And finally translate "bet365 bonus code 2023" and "bet365 bonus code 2023"。These dictionaries will be of great benefit to Japanese lexicography after the Meiji Restoration。Secondly，Missionary newspapers and other writings deepened the communication between Eastern and Western literary concepts。1822，Depius Translation and Publishing Chinese Novels，Introducing Chinese language and bet365 bonus code 2023 from the perspective of national bet365 bonus code 2023。1857，Ayose began to systematically introduce ancient Greek and Roman bet365 bonus code 2023 in 8 groups of 12 articles in "Liuhe Congtan"，Clear translation of Eastern and Western concepts of "bet365 bonus code 2023"，And has the academic value of comparative bet365 bonus code 2023。1867，Wei Lie Yali Publishing Notes on Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023，Using the four-part classification method to describe Chinese classics、Poetry and vernacular novels。Again，Some Chinese scholars compile and compile foreign reports，Look at the world，Helping the understanding of literary concepts。The more representative one is Wei Yuan's "Hai Guo Tu Zhi"，Introducing the cultural status of Western countries through the concept of "bet365 bonus code 2023"，When describing the United States, it is said: "Preface to the beginning of the compilation，Learn spells、Martial Arts、bet365 bonus code 2023”；It is said about New York: "There are libraries that teach bet365 bonus code 2023"；Introducing Morrison refers to "a brief knowledge of Chinese characters"，If you have a deep understanding of its bet365 bonus code 2023，That’s far”。The cross-cultural communication activities of Eastern and Western intellectuals in the Dao and Xian dynasties of the late Qing Dynasty，Provided certain ideological impetus for Japan’s Meiji Restoration Movement，Also contributes to the understanding of the concept of "bet365 bonus code 2023"。

In short，The concept of "bet365 bonus code 2023" is being generated、In the process of source change，means pluralism，Cultivated，And completed the process of cross-cultural communication。Although it gradually became an important subject concept in Japan’s modern education system after the Meiji Restoration，In turn, it influenced China’s modern literary thought，But this is just a phenomenon of "cultural feedback"。And ignore the gradual process of change and integration，Undoubtedly a kind of historical nihilism，It has also caused many fields of Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 research to lose the legitimacy they should have had。

　　(The author is the person in charge bet365 bonus code 2023 National Social Science Fund general project “The Origin and Generation of Chinese ‘Literary’ Concepts”、Professor, School of Liberal Arts, Liaoning University)