There were a large number of opera works in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties，Being loved by the people，Close to social life，Reflects the true spoken Chinese language in society at that time。However, because there are many common bet365 champions league and sayings in opera literature，We have many obstacles in reading today。“From bet365 champions league to phrases，Its nature is quite popular，It cannot be summed up by the old meaning of Yajie，It is also not common in the ancient literature of the Eight Schools。”Over the past hundred years，Academic circles have begun to examine and interpret difficult bet365 champions league in these opera documents，The representative one is Xu Jiarui's "Test of Jin and Yuan Opera Dialects"、Zhang Xiang's "Explanation of the Vocabulary of Poems, Songs and Phrases"、Lu Danan's "Explanation of Opera bet365 champions league"、Wang Jing's "Explanation of Poems, Songs, Phrases"、Gu Xuejie and Wang Xueqi's "Explanation of Yuan Qu Ci" and other works as well as a large number of textual research papers。If we can’t even understand the meaning of the bet365 champions league in the opera，Then，Word analysis is undoubtedly the top priority。

New bet365 champions league perspective on old materials

The ancient opera books of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties that we have seen today，Basically old literature materials。These exegetical treatises by former sages basically use the method of parallelism and induction to examine the meaning of bet365 champions league。Such as Zhang Xiang's "Explanation of Poems, Songs and Vocabulary"，The meaning of bet365 champions league is too detailed，And the connection between several meanings of the same word is not explained，Not enough attention is paid to the pronunciation of bet365 champions league when interpreting their meanings。Predecessors have completed their staged historical tasks，Knowledge must further develop with the times，It is imperative to study how these spoken bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming opera literature came from？Which word does the character represent？How did the sound and meaning of the word change？This is the question before us，It is also a subject that must be studied in the history of Chinese。In the historical context of the new era，We want to try new research angles and methods，To explore the relationship between bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming opera literature。

Zhang Xiang divided the difficult bet365 champions league in opera literature into two categories: "the bet365 champions league are unfamiliar but the bet365 champions league are obscure" and "the bet365 champions league are common but the meanings are different"，The former is a rare word，Some of these rare characters may also be vulgar writing；The latter has a common literal meaning but a different meaning，It may be due to the development and change of word meaning，It may also be recording another word as an ordinary word。Therefore，We need to systematically comb and study the word relationships in Yuan and Ming opera literature。The ideal correspondence between characters and bet365 champions league should be that one character corresponds to one word，But with the development of language and writing，The correspondence between bet365 champions league is complicated。Especially Chinese characters，Symbol system as recording language，It can record elegant Chinese language，Chinese dialects can also be recorded，You can even record in Japanese、Korean、Vietnamese, etc.。Therefore，When studying the relationship between bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming opera literature, we must pay attention to the concept of time and place、Historical concept、Changing concepts。In the Qing Dynasty, scholars advocated ancient pronunciation and modern pronunciation、There are ancient characters and modern characters、There are ancient meanings and modern meanings，On the basis of the six parties seeking each other，The research perspective should also pay attention to considering vulgar pronunciation and orthodox pronunciation in multiple dimensions、Vulgar and orthodox characters、Different levels of Tongyu bet365 champions league and folk bet365 champions league，And examine their diachronic development, changes and mutual influence。In particular, avoid the problem of treating Yuan and Ming opera literature as a single line of Tongyu literature。Generally，People will learn from the correct pronunciation、orthographic、Looking at ancient bet365 champions league from the perspective of common language。When we are sorting out the relationship between bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming opera literature，Special attention should also be paid to the common pronunciation of opera bet365 champions league、Vulgar bet365 champions league、Investigation of the perspective of colloquial bet365 champions league，Explain the complex relationship between form, sound and meaning of bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming opera literature。For example，Chinese character "丫"，According to conventional dictionaries we usually pronounce yā，This is read from the standard text level。But let’s look at the twenty-sixth chapter of the Ming edition of "Xiu Wen Ji": "It doesn’t matter whether you are a prince or a group of officials，Apanger horse face and bull head，Ye Yaer’s teeth and claws，Photographed by the industry mirror。"The thirteenth chapter of the Ming edition of "Yaojitang's New Collection of Malang Xia Muni": "I'll stay close to you，Earn those meat beads and go out to Ye Yahai。"This "Yeya" should be pronounced as "Yaksha"。The third chapter of "Xiu Wen Ji": "Eight Ya swung the ink pool dry，How to twist and break the mustache by counting the stems？""Ya" is obviously pronounced like "fork"，"Eight-Chased" uses warm Ba-Cha classics，referring to Wen Tingyun。Explanation that "Ya" in ancient books is the common word for "fork"。

There are some text interpretations，We must change the perspective of text interpretation，The meaning of bet365 champions league cannot be understood from a single standard perspective。Another example is the word "殢"，From a normative perspective，There is only one pronunciation in a large dictionary，音tì。The first chapter of "Selected Songs of the Yuan Dynasty" Qin Jianfu's "Dongtang Lao": "Can't Stop the Shark Thread at the Bottom of the Account，Wineside Lamb，The soft and fragrant jade that destroys people。"The second chapter of "Selected Songs of the Yuan Dynasty" by an unknown person named "Strive to Repay Gratitude": "I am not a drunkard or greedy for money，I will never live up to expectations。"The third fold of Li Zhifu's "Tiger Head Brand": "He will wait for food and drinks，Kelian Lian Sheng Prostitute。"The second chapter of Wuhan Chen's "Jade Huchun": "I will wait for the hairpin to be poured into the wine to compose a chapter，Even if I win a laurel crown and climb a toad, I will never sing like this with a shallow mouth。"Explanation that the word "殢" is commonly used，Everyone today mispronounces tì sound。Example of Shangjie language，"Selected Songs of the Yuan Dynasty" and "Yin Interpretation" are both written by: "殢，Yin Ni。"It can be seen that the real situation of the ancients is that the word "殢" has a sweet pronunciation。When "殢" is pronounced as disgusting，It should be the same word as mud，It’s “mud” as a verb，Read out the sound，means sticking、Tangled。Article "Clay Figure Jiao" in Volume 61 of Yang Shen's "Sheng'an Collection" of the Ming Dynasty: "It is commonly said that soft bet365 champions league and asking for things are called clay，It’s a plan，As the saying goes, soft wrapping is also called。Du Zimei's poem: "Suddenly poor, sad and mud kills people"。'Yuan Wei's poem in memory: 'Look at me, I have no clothes and search for a bag of water chestnuts'，Nitagu wine and golden hairpin。’”In layman’s terms，The Chinese character for "mud" in the Tang Dynasty，Yuan and Ming operas like to use the word "殢" to express it，The pronunciation is still boring，This shows that the word "殢" has a greasy pronunciation。These popular word pronunciations in society，An authoritative book、Yun Shu is not included，It will easily lead to misreading of ancient books。

Communicate bet365 champions league relationships and inter-bet365 champions league relationships

People often mention that there are many bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming operas that have common literal meanings but different meanings，In many cases there is no way to determine which word the word belongs to。Although some have the same word，But there are many literal forms in the literature。Research the word relationships of documents，On the one hand, it involves the theory of philology，On the one hand, it involves linguistic theory，Also requires philological knowledge。While we were researching，This is not to propose any new theory，Instead, fully absorb the existing word relationship theory，Connect theory with practice，Adopt a comprehensive approach，Pay attention to combing and summarizing the rules of writing and language evolution from specific ancient texts，Uncover the weak research links in the current academic community。Especially conduct a multi-faceted discussion on the issue of the shape, sound and meaning of a word。Like "嬬"，Regular dictionaries such as "Chinese Dictionary" are ancient ones、meaning mound；But the word "嬬" in "The front mountain is low and the back mountain is piled" in "The Peony Pavilion·Jue Ye"，It’s not about reading ancient curses，It doesn’t mean mound，This "嬬" is actually the common form of "窊"，音Wow；The version variant can be confirmed，The Ming Dynasty Wanli engravings of "The Peony Pavilion" and "Mo Han Zhai Re-Ding San Hui Qin Feng Meng" are both "窊"。Explain that "嬬" in "Yupian" and "嬬" in "The Peony Pavilion" are two different bet365 champions league with no sound-meaning relationship，It’s a different word。Some glyphs look very ordinary，But it would be wrong to interpret it literally according to the usual norms。Ruyuan Sanqu "Shaobian·The Return of Emperor Gaozu": "He also fed cows and cut grass with me，Pull the hoe and help the hoe。”This is also one of the famous articles，For the word "埧"，Academia generally misreads it as musical instruments (jù)，Interpretation is "Two oxen plowed together into one farm in the countryside，bet365 champions league are also tools”。In fact, these sound and meaning explanations have no basis in literature，Actually "埧" is the common word for "ba"，means the word rake。You can understand this simply by looking at the following literary examples，The first chapter of "Han Gong Qiu" in the Mai Wang Guan version: "It is difficult to place Zhaoyang everywhere，Who asked you to plow twoMaking a career. ""” is a common bet365 champions league，There are two short horizontal lines on the right side，It is also the common form of the bet365 champions league "ba"，Another common form of the bet365 champions league "埧"。"Han Gong Qiu" should be interpreted as the bet365 champions league "ba"，"Selected Songs of the Yuan Dynasty" this work is "Ba"，"Han Gong Autumn" in the "Oujiang Collection" is written as "杷"。At that time, the bet365 champions league rak was written in many ways，or "dam", "dam", "rake", "quat""”“埧”, etc.。"Yongxi Yuefu" Volume 20 Tang Shunmin's "Tianjingsha·Xianju": "One plow, two rakes，Homegrown career。"The first chapter of Zheng Dehui's "Wisdom and Courage Ding Qi": "Wei'er's farmland has gone。"Volume 12 of Wang Zhen's "Agricultural Book" bet365 champions league Yuan Dynasty: "Rake，Climbing again，This work, universal. ”

Although there will be no sudden changes in the use of Chinese characters，But there are subtle changes in the functions of bet365 champions league in the long history。For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, "string" was commonly used to represent the "zhuan" of fragrant seal script，The tight and tight Song likes to write "桡"。As the Tang Dynasty generally said, "The price is worth a thousand gold"，Write the word "straight"；Value since Yuan and Ming Dynasty、When on duty, etc., you can write the word "value"。In Ming Dynasty documents, you can see that the meaning of fear was written in simplified Chinese with the word "fear"，These all have some changes in word usage。

bet365 champions league needs to be sorted out at multiple levels

The bet365 champions league in Yuan and Ming opera literature are worth sorting out，It provides extremely rich nourishment for the study of the history of the Chinese language and for summarizing the laws of language and writing with Chinese characteristics。For example, the second chapter of Guan Hanqing's "Wangjiang Pavilion": "Look up when you see others looking away，I had already predicted my intention。”“spread” or “spread”", the predecessors comprehensively summarized bet365 champions league based on the examples and interpreted bet365 champions league as "，Use your eyes to indicate”。If you don’t sort out the source of the bet365 champions league’s sound and meaning, it’s easy to interpret it inaccurately。Chapter 15 of Pu Songling's "Supplementary Songs of Xin Yun": "[Zhou Yuan] The One Who Can't Blindly EyesIf bet365 champions league is any movement on that path..."this""bet365 champions league's not a gesture with your eyes. "Sa""”actually comes from “矖”，meaning to glance。Qieqie, which is the correct pronunciation of the character 疖，The pronunciation of the bet365 champions league is quite different；But there is a common pronunciation "Ji Yun" that makes it clear,The pronunciation of "疖" in later generations evolved into the rhyme of Jia Ma, just like "Sa" (Shou Mai Qie).，Old custom writing "Sa""”。It can be seen that it is very valuable to use opera literature to sort out Chinese historical vocabulary。Another example is the word "shui" which is pronounced as shuǎi in Tongyu，There are other bet365 champions league recorded in modern Chinese，The following is an example of using "戎"。The fifth episode of "The Story of Flying Pills": "The eyes are moving and charming，The singing voice is slow in the ears。Full of five mouths shouting，Two lies and three lies thrown in the hand。”From the rhyme point of view，The pronunciation and meaning of the word "戼" are undoubtedly the same as "掼"。"Dui" is a deformation of "string"，In other popular literature or commonly written"甔", etc.，Can record different bet365 champions league such as Guan掼擐钏 fall and the door's take。For example, the twelfth chapter of "Yunhe Qizong" published in the Ming Dynasty: "Use a folding leek edge knife in each hand，That knifeOpen within bet365 champions league feet, making people unable to stand. ""” is the deformation of “甔”，When interpreted as "throw away"。“Dump” can also be used as a message，"Smart Lamp Difficult bet365 champions league·Furniture": "Lock: Required。Throw away: turn over。Key: Medicine Time。”“shake off” or write “浵开” “浵开”，The eleventh episode of "Hua Yan Zheng" published in the second volume of "Guben Opera Series": "Two Broken Bamboo Boxes，There must be a reason inside，Let me break this broken lock。" Chapter 5 of "梼杌综合": "So I went to look for a tongs，Wait until my wife is asleep，Unlocked，See many wallets in the box。”Visible glyphs and pronunciations、The matching of word meanings is also more complicated。Traditional calligraphy books generally explain the pronunciation and meaning of bet365 champions league from a standard level；The operas of the Yuan and Ming dynasties are folk literature that are close to the common people，The study of opera bet365 champions league of Yuan and Ming Dynasties must not only look at the standard and elegant language level，You must also pay attention to the actual social sayings、Vulgar bet365 champions league、Vulgar pronunciation level，Simply apply the pronunciation of traditional calligraphy books、It is easy to make mistakes when interpreting word meaning。Of course，Vulgar bet365 champions league in these documents、Vulgar pronunciation、Spoken saying，Some will be absorbed into the common language，Some may still be at the level of folk popularity，Some eventually died out。These have enriched our understanding of Chinese historical vocabulary；At the same time，It can be seen that the levels of elegance and vulgarity in ancient books and documents are very complicated，Folk literature needs rescue protection，These materials are worth exploring in depth。

The relationship between form, sound and meaning of the above historical bet365 champions league deserves to be sorted out from multiple angles，It is an area that can be studied in depth。Studying the history of Chinese language fully considers the interaction between common language and common language in the past dynasties，Discussing the relationship between bet365 champions league in ancient books by combining the phonetic, phonetic and semantic meanings，Explore the word usage in ancient texts，It has become a hot spot in the academic community。Study Yuan and Ming opera literature from this perspective，Especially combined with vulgar bet365 champions league、Vulgar pronunciation、Mutual seeking in common sense，Can solve some difficult problems with bet365 champions league，Can be more comprehensive、Systematically reflect the true situation of Chinese history。

(The author is the chief expert bet365 champions league National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on Literary Applications of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Literature”、Professor, School of Liberal Arts, Anhui University)