There were a lot of opera works during the Yuan and Ming dynasties，See what the people are liked to see，Close to social life，Reflected the true spoken of Chinese at that time。However, because of the popular words of opera literature，We have a lot of obstacles to read today。"From a single word and even phrase，Its nature Thai semi -popular，non -elegant 诂 诂 赅 赅，It is not learned from the eight family ancient articles。""，The academic community begins to test the difficult words of these opera literatures，Representatives are Xu Jiarui's "Golden Yuan Opera Dialect Exam"、Zhang Xiang's "Poetry and Words"、Lu Yan'an "Opera Words Explanation"、Wang Yan's "Poetry and Songs Example"、Gu Xueyu and Wang Xueqi "Yuanqu Interpretation" and other works, as well as a large number of interpretation papers。If we do n’t even understand the meaning of the words in the opera，So，Word test interpretation is undoubtedly the first task。

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The ancient book of Yuanming opera we see today，Basically belonging to the old literature materials。These test interpretations of the former sages are basically adopted by the row ratio to test the meaning of the word。Ru Zhang Xiang's "Poetry and Songs"，The meaning of the words is divided into details，and did not explain the connection between the meaning of the same word，The words and sounds of interpretation are not enough。Previous people completed their phased historical tasks，Learning must be further developed with the times，How did the spoken words in Yuanming opera literature come from? What word does the word represent?，It is also a subject that must be studied in Chinese history。In the historical background of the new era，We have to try new research angles and methods，To explore the problem of words in the literature in Yuanming Opera。

Zhang Xiang divided the incurable words of opera literature into two types: "literal jerky but obscure" Bet365 lotto review and "literally and righteousness"，The former is a rare word，Some of these rare characters may also be written; the latter is literally and righteous，It may be due to the development and change of the meaning of words，It may also be a common word to record another word。Therefore，We must systematically climb and study the word relationship of Yuanming opera literature。The most ideal relationship between words and words should be a word corresponding to a word，But with the development of language and words，The corresponding relationship between words and words presents complex situation。Especially Chinese characters，Symbol system as a record language，It can record the elegant words of Chinese，You can also record Chinese dialects，You can even record Japanese、Korean language、Vietnamese, etc.。Therefore，Study the word relationship of the literature of Yuanming opera should be paid attention to、Historical concept、Change concept。Ancient sound and Jinyin advocated by scholars in the Qing Dynasty、There are ancient characters and today's characters、There is ancient meaning and today's righteousness，Based on each other's request for each other，Research perspective should also pay attention to multi -dimensional considering vulgar and positive sound、Vulgar characters and ortho characters、Different levels of Tongyu words and vulgar words，and examine their duration and changes and mutual influence。Especially to avoid using the single line of the Yuanming opera literature as a problem to be used as a phrase and literature,。Under normal circumstances，People will from the pitch、字、From the perspective。When we sort out the relationship between the literature of the Yuanming opera，You should also pay special attention to opera words from vulgar sound、Vulgar Word、Investigation of the angle of the words，Explaining the complicated and phonetic relationship between the literature of Yuanming opera。For example，Chinese characters "Ya"，According to the regular dictionary, we generally read yā，This is read from the standardized text。But we read the Ming Journal "Xiu Wen Ji" 26，Abian's horsepower cow bet365 best casino games head，Yeyaer Wolf Tiger Claw，Industry mirror screen photos。"The Ming Ji Jian Ji Ji Lang Xiamuni Concern" is the thirteenth: "I'm waiting for it，Earn the meat beads out of the night。"" Night "is read as" Yasha "。"Xiu Wen Ji" third: "Baya watched ink pond dry，How to twist the stems? "Ya" obviously read like "fork"，"Eight Fork" with a warm and eight -fork codes，refers to Wen Tingyu。Explain that "ya" in ancient books is the vulgar word of "fork"。

There are some text interpretations，We must change the text explanation angle，Can't understand the meaning of the word words from a single perspective。Another like the word "殢"，From the perspective of specifications，There is only one pronunciation of large -scale dictionary.，sound tì。"Selection of the Yuan Song" Qin Jianfu's "Dongtang Old" first fold: "No more than the bottom of the account，Lamb on the banks，Jade Soft Fragrant Jiao。"The Selection of the Yuan Song" Anonymous "Fighting for the Grace" is the second fold: "I don't have wine or greedy for money，I don’t fight for qi, I do n’t get up。"Li Zhifu's" Tiger Head "third fold:" He is waiting for wine and food，Can love prostitutes。"Wuhan Chen" Jade Pot Spring "is second.，To my folding Gui climbing toad is not like this low singing。"" "殢" is commonly used，Misunderstanding tì sound per capita today。Unveiled language，"Selection of Yuan Song" has "Sound Release": "殢，Triven。"" The real situation of the ancients is "殢" to be greasy。"殢" when reading greasy sound，The same word as ｛｝｝，is the "mud" verb，Read the sound，Indicates sticky、Wracking。Ming Yang Shen's "Shengyu Collection" Volume 61 "Mudie Jiao":，Naijie，Said so -called soft entanglement。Du Zimei: ‘Suddenly poor sorrow mud killing。'Yuan Wei's memory inner poem: ‘Gu I’ m no clothing，Mud he sells wine to pull gold。'"In popular words，The word "mud" of the Tang Dynasty，Yuan Ming opera likes to use the word "殢"，Pronunciation or greasy，Explain that the word "殢" has the vulgar sound of greasy sound。Words and sounds popular in the society，and authoritative word book、Rhymes are not included，It will easily Bet365 lotto review cause misunderstandings of ancient books。

Communicate the relationship between the word and the relationship between the word 

People often mention that there are a lot of ordinary words in Yuanming opera, which is very common and significant，In many cases, there is no way.。Although some are the same word，But there are many literal forms in the manifestation of the literature。Research on the words of the literature，On the one hand, the theory of literature is involved，On the one hand, the theory of linguistics is involved，Literature knowledge。When we were studying，Don't blindly put forward any new theory，Instead of fully absorbing the theory of the existing word relationship，Theoretical connection is actual，Adopt comprehensive use methods，Pay attention to climbing and summarizing the rules of text and language evolution from specific ancient books，Digging out the weak research link of the current academic community。Especially for a multi -level discussion on the problem of the phonetic meaning of a word。such as "坬"，"Chinese Dictionary" and other regular daughters are ancient scolding、means the meaning of the dumplings; but the "坬"，Nothing to read ancient scolding，It is not the meaning of the piles，This "坬" is actually the vulgar writing of "窊"，sound wow;，Ru Ming Wanli "Peony Pavilion" and "Mo Yanzhai Retain Three Meetings" are both "窊"。Explain that the "坬" in "Jade" and "坬" in "Peony Pavilion" are two different words without any sound relationships，Is a word of different words。Some glyphs seem to be very ordinary，But it is wrong to interpret it according to the normal specifications。Ruyuan Sanqu "Spirit everywhere, Gao Zu returning home": "Also fed me with cattle cut grass，Drag。"This is also one of the famous articles，For the word "埧"，The academic community is generally misunderstood as a audio (jù)，Interpretation is "The countryside is used with two cows and cultivated as one，Words are also made "。In fact, there is no literature basis for these sound explanations，Actual "埧" is the vulgar word of "dam"，Represents the word rake。Simply look at the following documents to understand this，The Puloushe bet365 live casino games Museum's "Han Gong Qiu" is the first: "That Zhaoyang is difficult to insert everywhere，Who asked you one plow and twoCareer. ""is a vulgar word，There are two short horizontal inside on the right side，Both the "Basket" character writing，It's "埧" vulgar writing again。"Han Palace Autumn" reads the word "dam"，"Selection of Yuan Song" This work "Dam"，"" This "Han Palace Autumn" as ""。At that time, there were many ways to write the word rake，or "dam", "dam", "rake", "杷", """ 埧 ", etc.。"Yongxi Music Mansion" Volume 20 Tang Shunmin "Tianjing Sha · Leisure House": "One plow and two rakes，Self -cultivation and self -planting career。"Zheng Dehui" Zhiyong Ding Qi "first discount:" Go for the cultivation of the plowing field。"Wang Yan" Agricultural Book "in the Yuan Dynasty Volume 12:" Rake，again as a climb，Today's work, universal. "

The use of Chinese characters will not change mutations，But in the historical long river, there are subtle text functions.。If the "string" commonly used in the Yuan Dynasty, the "篆"，Loose pine likes to write "愡"。As the Tang Dynasty generally said "straight prices"，Write the word "straight"; value since Yuanming、duty, etc. can write "value" words。The Ming Dynasty literature can see the method of writing the word "fear" in fear of fear and righteousness，There are some changes in the use of text。

Chinese History Vocabulary Multi -layer Multi -level 

Yuanming opera literature words are worth combing，It provides extremely rich nutrients for the study of Chinese history and summarizing the rules of Chinese characteristics。For example, Guan Hanqing's "Wangjiang Pavilion" is second.，My early prophet came。"" Sprinkle "or"", the predecessors were summarized according to the language, and the interpretation of"，Observation "。The source of the sound without sorting the word is easy to interpret and inaccurate。Pu Songling's "Supplement Xinyun Qu" fifteenth: "[Zhou Yuan] that can't standThat path, if there is movement ... "This""" "" Sprinkle ",""Actual from" 矖 "，The meaning of the dawn。矖 矖 正 音 绮，Words and sounds are large; but there is a vulgar sound "Ji Yun" crab cut,"矖" Like "Sprinkle" (buying), later generations Bet365 app download and sounds evolved into Jiampi，So vulgar writing "Sa", "”。It can be known that using the opera literature to sort out Chinese history vocabulary is very valuable。Read shuǎi today，other words in modern Chinese，Below is an example of or "掼"。"Fei Wan Ji" fifth out: "The bottom of the eye is step by step，The sound of singing in the ear is slow。shouting in five mouths of the pot，Three lies in the hands of two hands。"From the perspective of rhyme，"Throw" the word "掼" is undoubted。"Throw" is the deformation of "String"，Write in other popular literatures"甪", etc.，Recordable consistent 掼 擐 钏 fall and door closes mobes。Ru Ming ’s" Yunhe Story "No. 12:" Use a folded leek edge knife per hand，That knifeCome on, within two feet, it is unable to be. ""is the deformation of" 甪 "，Reading as "throwing"。"Throw" can also be sound，"Smart Lantern Difficulty Characters · Furniture": "Lock 鑐 鑐。Dumping off: upper 掭。Key: Date。"" "Dump away" or write "Kai Kai", "Open"，"Ancient Book of Opera Series" Episode 2 Ming issue "Flower Make" No. eleventh: "Two Broken Box Boxes，It must be inside，I opened this lock。"梼杌 闲" fifth round: "Go to find the tadpole，Waiting for my wife to sleep，Open the lock，See there are many banking bags in the box。"" "Form and word and phonetic、The matching of words is also more complicated。Traditional Chinese books generally interpret the words and phonetic meaning of words explained from the standard level; and Yuanming opera belongs to the customs of the common people，Study on Yuanming Opera Words must see the standard elegant level，Also pay attention to the actual saying of social actual situation、Vulgar Word、Vulgar sound level，Simply apply the word and sound of traditional Chinese books、Explanation of words is easy to make mistakes。Of course，Vulgar characters in these documents、Vulgar Voice、Swords，Some will absorb income，Some may still be in the popular level of folk，Some died in the end。These have enriched our understanding of Chinese historical vocabulary; at the same time，It can be seen that the level of elegance and vulgarity in ancient bet365 best casino games books is very complicated，Folk literature needs rescue protection，These materials are worthy of in -depth excavation。

The formal phonetic relationship between these historical vocabulary is worth combing at multiple angles，Is a field that can be thoroughly studied。Study in the history of Chinese language to fully consider the interaction between the passages of the past and the square，Discuss the word relationship of ancient books in conjunction with Xingyin，Exploring the words of ancient books text，It has become a hot spot in the academic community.。Yuanming opera literature study from this perspective，Especially combined with vulgar characters、Vulgar Voice、Mutual request for meaning，You can solve some difficult problems in words，Can be more comprehensive、systematically reflect the real situation of Chinese history。

(The author is the Chief Expert of the National Social Science Fund's major project "Song, Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties Research"、Professor of the School of Literature, Anhui University)