Books in the Han and Wei Dynasties have already gained figure，Graphic Scriptures and Tuzhi。Sui and Tang Dynasties，Tu Jing and Tuzhi began to prevail。Southern Song Dynasty to drop，Tu Jing and Tu Zhi gradually moved towards decline，But the drawing is gradually becoming popular in Fang Zhi。Gongguanshan Zhi，It is written by the people or related personnel in Daomen、Call of editor、Book literature reflecting the venue of the venue for a certain place，Among them, two types of Gongguanzhi and Mingshanzhi。Affected by Fang Zhi's drawing，Gongguanshanzhi also appeared in pictures。The "Dongxiao Tuzhi" compiled by Deng Mu and Taoist Meng Zongbao in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty，There is a picture of the mountains and rivers，惜，The real appearance is difficult to examine。

Most Miya Guanshan Zhi has pictures，One or two of the younger，Multi -person dozens of bangs。"Song Yue Zhi" in Lu and Cambodia: "Tu Guo is far away with the truth，Those who are not too late for footprints，You can go to the gods and go to the gods。Everbright Gao De，Diamond Jane Ningzhi，Zhuo Qiu Jun who died is extremely stopped。"Drawing has a guide、lying travel and other functions，Do not underestimate。Drawing of Gongguanshan Zhi and Scholars，There is a similar side，There are also different sides，Fully demonstrated its unique charm。According to the external form and performance content，The drawing of Gongguanshanzhi can be divided into Hoshino map、Earth Public Map、Mountains and Scenic Maps、Gongguan Temple Temple Tomb Figure、Character Xianzhen Maps and other types。

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Hoshino map is the astrology division。Ancient Zhanxingjia in order to use sky phenomena to change the blessing of the world，Correspondence，It is called dividing or starring;、The vassal country is divided into twelve areas，Corresponding to each other。As far as heaven，called the twelve stars; in terms of locally，called twelve points wild。Sixteen years of Yongle (1418) awarded the "Congress Book Fan" existing example，Its cloud: "Divide the wild，belonging to a certain state astronomy, a certain place of a certain place in the wild。"Although Hoshino is nonsense，But its symbolic meaning cannot be ignored。Because Hoshino Chart represents in heavenly image，Top form in the ground，Can show the imperial bet365 Play online games power，Demonstrate God's will，So Fang Zhi "Hoshino Gate" became customized。Gongguanshan Zhi starts from the mysterious position of Divine Taoism famous mountain view，There are also "Hoshino Gate" who are also set up，There are pictures and texts。Hu Zhipei's "Huangtong Long Dao Palace" cloud: "Example of aspirations，Shouxingye，Times Earth Public，Below is also in the upper。Although Huangtangshan is attached to Hongdu，There are all parts of its divided fields，Therefore, I know the map，Seeing in heavenly image，The meaning of forming in the ground。"" Explain that Gongguanshan Zhi naturally has the characteristics of the world with effective imitation of the world，Set the conscious consciousness of Hoshino map。Except "Huangtang Long Daogong Zhi"，Zha Zhilong's "History of History" Volume 1 has Hoshino Figure，Zhang Chongde's "Heng Yue Zhi" is in front of Ang Su Map、Bigu Figure、Northern Xuanwu Seven Plagiarism Figure，Jin Guixin、"Xiaoyao Mountain Wanshou Palace Chronicle" Volume 1 is divided into the wild chart、Ziwei Yuan Figure、Taiwei Yuan Figure、Tianshi Yuan Figure，Wang Jian's "Da Yue Taihe Shan Ji" has a star Xuan Xuanyi 轸，All belong to this category。Drawing of these palace Guanshan Zhi，For communication Taoism culture and regional culture，All have a direct boosting effect。Like other Fang Zhi，Drawing of Hoshino Picture，It also has a representation Wang Hua、Establish the meaning of local space and geographical belonging and identity。Through these Hoshino pictures，You can peek at Taoist knowledge system、The trajectory of the changes in the world of thought and the world of faith。

　　Earth Public Map

The ancients called the earth as the earth public，Ground map is geographical map，Fingers to depict land、Mountains and rivers、Figures of the geographical situation such as the city。There are many local maps in Gongguanshan Zhi。For example，Zhu Langzhai's "Wushan City God Temple" Volume 1 draws "Southern Song Jingcheng Map"，He out of light、Wei Xueli's "Beiyue Temple Collection" is painted with "Daming One"，Hu Zhipei's "Huangtong Long Daogong Zhi" Volume 1 has "Yuzhang Huangtang Palace Palace Map"，Jin Guixin、"The Map of the Gongyao Mountain" of "Xiaoyao Mountain Wanshou Palace" in Lai Fengyuan has "Xiaoyao Mountain Forms", "Surrounding Sumi Maps", "Jiangcheng Famous Map"，He Zihu's "Category Hall Collection" Volume III "Map of the House of House of the Hotel"、Volume 4 "Full Map of the Hotel World" painted by Ge Zhen。Restrictions on the level of science bet365 best casino games and technology and surveying and mapping，These map maps are not very accurate，But all vividly reflect the palace view from different aspects、Temple、Mountains and River Grand Utilities、Observation of the house。

Ground map is not only the cultural achievement of integrating geography science and landscape painting art，I also understand Taoist famous mountains、Gongguan History and its geographical scope is indispensable for important information，It is also an important material for further studying the history of Chinese Taoism and even Chinese economic history。

　　Mountains and Scenic Maps

One of the main themes of Gongguanshanzhi lies in the Gongguan and Taoist famous mountain Xiuzhi，Naturally, the mountain scenery map。Mountains and Scenic Maps for revealing the decree，Promoting the palace view and famous mountain culture have an irreplaceable role，cause，Gongguanshan Zhi attaches great importance to the drawing of mountains and rivers。

Gongguanshan Zhishan Scenic Maps obviously have a lot of quantity、Clear lines、The characteristics of vivid and vivid screens，Most of them are the prints of the era。These exquisite drawing，There are many pictures and texts，Put it in the head of the roll，It is conducive to guiding tourists to patrol according to the figure，Watch in order。Just as Song Guangye's "Luo Fushan Zhizhi Congress · Fan": "The picture is listed in the head of the volume，It is said that people are said to be probably according to the figure。The general picture knows the situation of the whole mountain，孰 孰 孰，孰 孰 孰 孰 孰 孰;，Dangerous，孰 孰，One of the reads is clear，Therefore, although it is still painted, it is more fine，Dare not dare to hastily。"point out the reason why the first drawing draws and emphasized that the new map is more refined than the old picture，It can make the reader clear at a glance，Happy Mood。Of course，Where is the drawing，Full of actual needs，Many pictures of Gongshan Zhi are inserted into the volume。The high -ranking "Nanyue Zhi" is typical，Its cloud: "Range Rover Famous Mountain，Du Tu is the most important，and the old ambition "Heng Yue's General Map" Zhufeng Anti -Unattended。This picture is clearer，Seventy -two Peak Luoluo Well，Yue Zhisi to Ruo Lingbiao。"This picture walks with the text，More prominently highlights the important role of landscape maps for viewers。

Dong Tiansong's status of the picture with the high degree of the picture of the Zhibi，"Zhi must have a legend also。Wuyi Folding Mending，The picture is the most difficult bet365 best casino games to paint，Xiangjiang Ancient Geyun ‘Sailing Follow Hunan，Wang Heng Jiu Shin "。This changes are also true，Therefore, the painting hand is slightly lost to the back，It is not true。Ziyanzhi City Xu Junting Jinshu Quwa Water，Climbing all overlays，Description is different from the previous aspirations "。In order to better present the wonderful beauty of Wuyi landscape，Dong Tianong and the famous artist Xu Tingjin in Zhicheng Xunqu Water，Climbing all overlays，The painted Wuyi landscape map is naturally clear than the former minds，Fun Hengsheng。

Of course，There are also Miya Guanshan Zhiwu Mountain Water Landscape Map，Zhang Lianyuan's "Tiantai Mountain Quanzhi" cloud: "Mountains have pictures，and the rooftop extension，Figure it is full of exhaustion，If you write your peaks and a mountain，If eight scenic spots，No full 璧。Ji Lan Guangcui color and time change，Original non -picture can imitate，Therefore, do not want to spread 漶 漶 诮 诮 诮。"Here，Zhang Lianyuan does not oppose the picture of Shanzhi，Instead of in view of the full picture or a peak and a mountain map，It is difficult to show the vastness and show of Tiantai Mountain，perfunctory with it，It ’s better to pay for it。This is actually another awe of Tiantai Mountain，It is also a higher level of understanding of mountains and rivers。

Mountains and Scenic Maps will the aesthetic concept of Taoism、Combination of religious emotions with the beauty of nature，Endlessness，Nature，Far -long righteousness，Endlessness，Nature、Simply、indifferent、Smart art features。

　　Gongguan Temple Yu Tu, Temple Tomb Figure

Gongguan Temple is a believers in the believers、Important places for religious activities，Ancestral Tomb is a shrine and grave on the sacrifice of the palace Guanxian Highway。The main purpose of Gongguanshanzhi is to describe the history and sacredness of the palace's original view，Draw the Gong Guanmiao Temple、Tomi grave map is naturally the meaning of the question。

Simple text description is difficult to describe the palace viewing temple、Regulations and glory of the Tomb Tomb，It can not express the respect and praise of the sages，and the lines are clear and smooth、The exquisite picture engraved can undoubtedly increase Taoist and believers "dependence on the gods、Awe of Awe、The sense of amazement of sacred power、Accept the peacefulness of the fairy protection、Crime feelings of illegal teachings、The mystery of integration with God "。Taoism believes that the image has spirituality and spiritual response，Putting off the ingredients of idealism and virtuality，Bet365 lotto review These palace viewing temples、The Tomb Tomb Map will undoubtedly bring the shock and impact of the viewer to the viewer，Perhaps it is a manifestation of its "spirituality"。"Nanyue Zhi" in the high -ranking cloud: "The temple system returned to the 44th year of Kangxi (1705)，This temple map，Dianyu Henglang，Pavilion high，Jun Ran is at my eyes。"" Temple of these temples，Painting of the pavilion，Donaldo to respect God、The feeling of ascending Wonderland。

Gongguan Temple、Tomb Tomb Character usually expresses the palace viewing temple with realistic methods、Activities of Buildings and other buildings、Layout、Structure、shape system, etc.，Pay more attention to the outline of the lines，Follow details and precise expression，Unique in the history of painting，enriched the connotation of traditional gongbi。

　　Character Xianzhen Picture

The so -called "the wonderfulness of the avenue，There are non -text to those who pass on，There are non -text and non -passing "，Character Xianzhen Tu is also an important content of Gongguanshanzhi，The wonderful use of the avenue contained in "non -text can be passed"。

Dong Tiangong said，"Zhi must have a legend also"，"As for Xianxianxian，It is appropriate to have mountain forest weather，Fang Simuli Mountain Character。Xu Jun You Shan photo，That is the statue of the sages，Imitation of its ink，And the immortals are especially rushing and the Tao Qi，Attached to the roll head，Viewers Exhibition Volumes，Non -disciplinary view also。"Here，Dong Tianong not only emphasizes that there are pictures，And also proposed the standard for drawing outstanding characters in the mountains，That is, "It is advisable to have mountain forest meteorology，Fang Siguang Mountain Character "，This standard undoubtedly grasped the true meaning of Xianzhen culture，It can be regarded as an universal criterion for evaluating and measuring the advantages and disadvantages of fairy images。In order to make the character in the "Wuyi Mountains" have "Mountain Forest Meteorology"，Dong Tianong and the painter he invited to make a lot of effort，During the view that viewer "Exhibition Volumes"。

Gongguanshanzhi's character fairy is a lot of pictures，Generally there are two forms。First is a drawing with the biography of Xianzhen，Usually this biography is called a portrait，Also known as Tu Zhuan。In the Fairy Biography，Forms that are often inserted into the images of the owner or related characters，This constitutes a portrait。Like a biography finally belongs to biography，Therefore, Bet365 app download there are more text。Gongguanshan Zhi borrowed the form of the fairy biopsy drawing，Very well demonstrated the sacredness of the Lord。For example，He Zihu's "Classic Church Collection" Volume II is more than 20 pieces of Figure 20 in Figure 20。Lin Qingbiao's "Feng Feng Tian Queen" also draws the Holy Holy Sites，A total of more than 50 pieces。Like the Emperor Heavenly Holy Symposcience，Both the readability of the book，also spread the original obscure and abstract teachings，It is a way of expressing readers。

Lu Zhan's "The Complete Works of Guan Shengdi Jun Sacred Map" Volume 1 has more than 50 pieces of Figure 50，It is also a typical legend in Gongguanshanzhi。Xu Biaoran's "Wu Yi Zhi", in addition to drawing Wuyi Mountain Map、Wannian Palace Zuo Zhuzhu、A song to Jiuqu Zhuxiang，It also draws the picture of Xianxian and Xianzhen，All biography。

The other is an independent fairy true picture。This kind of fairy picture does not have much text，For example，Huang Jiaju's "Re -publish Magu Mountain" Magu method、Magu Xiantan Figure、Qixi Fairy Banquet map; Wang Yushu's "Guan Shengling Temple Ji" Guan Shengdi stands、Zhoucang statue、Bingzhu Dan reads spring and autumn chart、Lonely Miles; Zhou Bingxiu edited、Zhou Xianjing's "Ancestral Mountains" Cheng Yingshan Six Sacred Images; Zhu Wenzao (Langzhai )'s "Golden Drum Congzhi" Lu Zu's portrait; "Wu Yizhi" painted 16 paintings、Confucian eight amplitude、Seventeen Subsidies。The lines of these characters are clear and the lines are clear，Exquisite layout，Portrait paintings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Boutique of Board Painting。

In general，Gongguanshan Zhi's drawing has a strong Taoist cultural meaning。The subject matter of these drawings is usually belief、Gong View、Famous Mountain、Xianzhen、Stories，The image and vividly explained the Tao -based on Taoism culture advocated by Taoism culture、Taoism Nature、Light Rebirth、Quanzhen Conservation、Equality to good、and different、Equality to good、Sadness of the world、Ji Shidu people and other thoughts，Plove the fierce emotions of traditional Taoist culture and Taoist beliefs for the highway and Chong Taoist people of the highway in all ages。Through these exquisite drawings，I can peek at the envy of people when I look at people、Yinyou Fun and Mu Dao Fei。

other，Gongguanshanzhi draws a hundred families、The distinctive features of both harmony。Taoism originally regarded "capacity" as virtue，Taoism gradually formed after the Han Dynasty，Fusion of Hundreds of bet365 Play online games Family，Also draws the essence of Buddhism，Forms an unusually complicated fairy -genuine genealogy。Blind it with this，The drawing of Gongguanshanzhi includes Confucianism、Interpretation、Ink、Yin and Yang、Fairy Family and various folk beliefs，Draw all factions in the content structure，Different colorful，Can be described as complicated multi -end，Different colorful。These are the two distinctive features of Gongguanshan Zhizhi。

No matter what type of drawing，All make Gongguanshan Zhi more vivid，The structure is more complete，Connotation is also richer。Gongguanshan Zhi's drawing is a cultural treasure that needs to be developed，As Mr. Ren Jiyu said: "The things that can be excavated in Taoist classics are very rich，The importance will never be in Buddhism，or even more important。"as an important part of Taoist classics，Gongguanshan Zhi is undoubtedly studying Taoist history、History of thought、Pal about History of Social History。Gongguanshan Zhi has a large number of drawings，Research on the fields of enriching and expanding the history of Chinese Taoism and even Chinese art history has significant value。

　　(The author is the person in charge of the State Social Science Foundation Western Project "The Compilation of Guanshanzhi of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"、Professor of History and Political College of Guizhou Normal University)