2019 is the great realist writer Balzac (1799-1850), 220th anniversary of the 1920th anniversary of the Great realist writer of France (1799-1850)，2020 is his 170th anniversary of his death。This rare genius has more than 90 novels written in a short life，It is an immortal monument in the history of France and even world literature，It has been passed down for almost two centuries，It is still prosperous to this day。

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　　Taking the experience as a novel material

Balzak's half -century in his life，It is the historical transition period of France from feudalism to capitalism，He personally experienced the Napoleon Empire and its 100th dynasty、Two restorations of the Bourbon dynasty、July Dynasty，Until 1848 The "February Revolution" bourgeoisie achieved the final process of winning the final victory。This is a full of sin and vitality，Society that is both corrupt and is developing forward，The rise and fall of all levels、Vitering Sea Sang Field，It is shocking than any of the previous era。It is this era of great changes，attracted Balzac to study it、Know it，and germinate the wish to serve as the French social secretary。

He was born in a citizen family in Turl, a city in Midwestern France，My father is a national civil servant from farmers to the middle class.，Dang Du, Deputy Mayor of Turl City and Director of Food in Paris; Mother is a daughter of a woolen merchant。It can be said，His family was the epitome of society at that time。Balzac is most familiar with the citizen class，The reason why he is so deep about money and heritage problems，Because these two problems are always the main topic of the citizen circle。

Junior Balzac thinking ability is superb，Quite precocious in the spiritual field，Frequently drowned some mysterious and abstract philosophical thinking。bet365 best casino games After graduating from middle school，He registered for enrollment at the University of Paris at the University of Paris according to his father's wishes。His interest is broad，Study at a law school，Listening in the School of Literature，Also advanced mathematics、Physics、Chemistry、Natural Science Course such as creatures。As far as the knowledge structure is concerned，He can be comparable to the giants of the Renaissance in Engels.。

During college，His parents arranged for him to be appointed in a lawsuit and a notary office。Practice for a few years，He not only knows civil litigation procedures，I also witnessed the unfairness of society and the shady of justice，accumulated a lot of materials for its future creation。

Balzak's life also seems to be a tragic and bitter "comedy"。As Podlair said，He is "the most strange among many characters in" Earth Comedy "、The most interesting、Most Romantic，One of the most poetic "。His life is full of stormy waves，Come with many mythical bankruptcy。He has borrowed money to open the printing plant and casting factory，Even goes to Sardine Island to develop silver ore，Every time I think the source of wealth is rolling，The result is always liabilities。He described countless means of getting rich in "Earth Comedy"，I am deeper and deeper in my debt，It can only be repaid by one pen。He is always pursued by usullars and publishers，Always worry about the expired ticket，House、Furniture more than once was seized、Auction，I often fled to the countryside to hide from debt ... Among his contemporary writers，No person's rule of money、The persecution of material is as deep as he is、Pain feels，But in life experience, he is richer than anyone。He is like some genius characters he described，In Paris, "Live，Fighting，Feeling "。It is these personal experiences and feelings，Give him an endless creative theme，The most exciting chapter in "Earth Comedy"。

■ Balzak portrait information picture

　　Contemporary history in the form of novels

When Balzak entered the literary world，Coincolk French romantic faction bet365 live casino games to publicly declare war on classicalism，Romantic Movement enters a climax。Balzac is free from the romantic movement，Unique，Determine with a pen to complete the great cause that Napoleon failed to complete with the sword。Under the title of "Earth Comedy"，His method of repeating the characters，Combining more than 90 novels into one，It constitutes a complete、Embaristic social custom paintings，Novels that are usually regarded as a recreation of people have literature value。This is a series of literary works、Overall，to reflect the full picture of society，is Balzac's first。

When Balzak decided to write contemporary history in the form of novels，It has been based on research on the entire society。Rather than saying history as a novelist，Maybe he is a philosopher、The eyes of historians and sociologists to write novels。Just as Engels said，Balzac is almost in the "Chronicles History"，Driven the rising bourgeoisie of the bourgeois year year by year's impact on the noble society day。He describes how the bourgeoisie is sent ("Ouyeni Gelangtai" and "New Qin Gen Bank")，How the nobles bankrupt ("Antiques Display Room")，How can the forces of assets penetrate into every town、Village，Politics in all areas and noble society、Economic contest ("Old Girl", "Billeland", "The Litto's Litto")，How the nooristic economy of the nobles collapses and disintegrates under the bourgeoisie ("Farmers"); he revealed how the bourgeois politician uses the power in his hands to make the noble industry confiscated into his own private property，How to play power，In the frequent regime change, your power has increased ("A Mysterious Case")，Pointing a banker、The grocer really became a member of the aristocracy ("Bonis")，Sometimes the nobles fall to the bottom of the society ("The Sun Dang Wang Sun"); he narrate Paris business from individual vendors、The historical process and commercial bank of the small owner to the wholesaler、Co., Ltd.、The emergence of securities transactions，How to disclose the ruthless and hot -handed bankers Bet365 lotto review to plunder the property of millions of households with the means of refusal to clean up ("New Qin Gen Bank")，How the old -fashioned businessmen are forced to go bankrupt under the calculation of financial speculators ("Saica Perotosheng Declaration");，How does money become "unknown king"、People "Destiny of Destiny" ("Gao Shika")，How can all spiritual products and all spiritual products be reduced to goods，How severe life choices are faced under the impact of the new fashion of goldismism ("Disposity" and "Gao Old Man"); he lists countless sins hidden under the gold and silver jewelry "Colonel Xia Bei")，Drawing people's greed will make the inheritance dispute to how poor the vulnerableness ("Women Stir Water", "Yuko Miro", "Bonis") ...

As a custom historian，The biggest difference between Balzak and the real historian is that historians are concerned about historical events，Balzak follows people。Delive the typical characters in the typical environment，is Balzak's primary contribution to realistic art。He is good at choosing details and language with characteristic meaning to highlight the identity and personality of the character，Through the action of the characters to strengthen this typical psychological characteristics。Mrs. Bao Saang came from the famous door，Raising hands and feet have everyone's style，Even if you are full of heartbreaking, say goodbye to society，You can also smile with a face，peace and calmness。Fusolo Cold Broken Rivers and Lakes，One words and one move all show the green forest style，Holding a game in "Gao Old"，Written and colorful，From anger to calm，"It seems like a boiler is stored with water vapor that is enough to turn over the river，A drop of cold water in a blink of an eye has no trace "，Smart and capable of this hard -serving criminal、Wisdom and plot，portrait is superb。

Balzak has never handled the character image，I never described similar characters in a mode。Businessman、Lawyer、Notary owner，Doctor、Civil servant、Emperor artist，This one is different from that one，Even the ghosts are all kinds of: Bet365 lotto review Gelangtai's wealth means are different from the high clip，The 吝 and Gelangtai are also very interesting。Grandai regards all expenses as waste，Although it is the richest man in the local area，Life is the same as the local crops，Always drink bad wine，I always eat rotten fruit，Even the maid Nonnon to buy a white candle will become a local news; the puppets in Ligu only deal with others，I have a unique set of emphasis and enjoyment。Lastone is the kindness of being mocked in "Comedy on Earth"、Typical typical，The author did not let him appear with the face of the old treacherous at the beginning，Instead, let him appear with a little childlike child in "Gao Old"，Gradually complete his transformation in Paris society。This idea，Not only is it in line with the logic of life，It also reflects the artistic ingenuity of the writer。Belinsky has marked many characters in Balzak's novels、Many personality does not have a completely similar personality。Zuo La once admired it，In front of the vivid and realistic figures of Balzac，"Ancient Greece、Rome characters become pale and weak，trembling; the characters in the middle of the middle are like a toy leader "。

　　Balzak is not out of time in contemporary

Almost two centuries have passed，Balzak is still a difficult peak in France。Just like the masters of the European Classical Painting School make the painters behind them feel "desperate"，Balzac also distressed the novelists，They have to try to make a different approach。The 1950s and 1960s，The new novels represented by Rocke Greye publicly declare that it will break with Balzac，They simply cancel the theme、Plot、Character shaping、Inner analysis、Scenario description and all emotional language，The new novels later even abolished the punctuation and paragraph。But the new novels and other genres were lively after a while and then disappeared。and the survey report of the French "Express" in the late 1970s shows，Even the most prosperous stage of modern artistic art，Among the most loved by readers，Balzak still ranks first in the list。French novelist、1952 The Nobel Bet365 lotto review Prize winner Francois Moriac (1885-1970) once praised Balzac and Torstai as the "two peaks of European novels"，I believe that every good novel in France in the 20th century，"The first thing is that it is more like Balzac’s novels"。

Since the 20th century，With the rise of modernism，Traditional realisticism is gradually drowned by the various doctrines of the West。Add the United States to implement cultural hegemony globally，Both Both and Tolzak and Tolstoy have been left out of the contemporary American academic community。but but，This is not damaged in the history of world literature、The status in the reader's mind。

Balzak is one of the most familiar French writers in Chinese readers，His novels starting from the 1920s，It was successively by Lin Shu、Xu Xia Village、Jiang Huaiqing、Shengcheng、Gao Mingkai、Mu Mu Tian and other predecessors translated to China，During the Republic of China, China has published 22 types of Balzac's works。but the translation of Mr. Fu Lei after the 1950s，Only to really make Chinese readers understand Balzac。On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Balzac's birthday in 1999，People's Literature Publishing House has launched 30 volumes of "Complete Works of Balzac"。This version total 12 million words，Except 2.2 million words translated by Mr. Fu Lei，Others are new translations since the 1980s，Yuan Shuren、Zhang Guanyao、Wang Wendong、Lu Binghui、Shi Kangqiang、Luo Xinzhang、Huang Jinkai and other French literary translation circles participated in this giant translation or review work。Today after 20 years，The requirements of the majority of readers，"The Complete Works of Balzac" is revised and published again，to commemorate the 220th anniversary of this great French writer's birthday、The 170th anniversary of the death。

Balzak's works are like a rich mine，Both its thoughts and arts need to be further extracted，Later generations can get many valuable revelations from it。Balzak's social understanding of the transition period is so thorough，So that all society that is located in the transition stage Bet365 app download can correspond to the image of himself from his works。Balzak's digging of human nature is so deep，So that the human story he wrote is often at different historical stages，Re -interpretation of people of different nationalities。In fact，Almost two centuries have passed，The old man is still drowning his children，Gelangtai is still pondering how the secrets of money and how to die，Lasthnie、Lu Xian and others still experience the joy or sorrow of success or failure in survival competition，Aunt Bei is still suffering from jealousy and retaliation，Saica Peroto is still struggling in bankruptcy，Godsar is still selling products in the mouth of the river ... This is exactly the time of Balzac、The reason why the reader is still loved by the reader is still。