Current，The focus of the Western academic community on global climate governance research focuses on the relationship between the epidemic and climate change of new crown pneumonia、"Leadership" and the responsibility of the great country、Global Climate Governance Model and other important issues。

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The impact of the epidemic of new crown pneumonia and global response will jointly determine the future climate policy。Germany Woodpertal Climate、The Institute of Environment and Energy Institute, Wolfgang Obergassel, etc.，Focus on the five major governance functions of international institutions，Send guidance and signal、Establish rules and standards、Define transparency and responsibility、Determine the implementation clause、Promote collective consensus。

For the epidemic and climate change of new crown pneumonia，Slowing and adaptation is indispensable。Researcher Rolando Fuentes of Egade Business School of Mexico Monterem University of Technology and Professor Marzio Galeotti, professor of the Department of Environmental Science and Policy of the University of Milan, Italy, and other people. A comprehensive comparison of epidemic and climate change，Try to discover the experience of responding to the response to the Bet365 lotto review new crown pneumonia.。They think that the two have the same conceptual structure，The external requirements of the stock requirements must include two aspects: slowing and adapting。Due to the new crown pneumonia epidemic and climate change, they belong to the typical global public product，Therefore, these two problems need to be sufficient international cooperation。Cooperation requires individual incentive balance、Net income and transaction costs cannot be too high。

New crown pneumonia's epidemic and climate change brings major negative externality and other risks to human society。Various experiences and lessons to respond to the policy of new crown pneumonia provided a chance to reflect on the climate policy and its process。The European Commission Joint Research Center David Klenert, etc.、Public health response and the attention of the green recovery incentive scheme。

　　Leadership and the responsibility of the great country

The research on "leadership" in international relations has always followed two paths: follow the hegemony logic in international negotiations and follow different types of "leadership" logic。The unique features of the two for "leadership" and who can maintain the leaders and followers to the common pursuit without consensus。Confusion and conceptual confusion about climate leaders on the academic community，Robyn Eckersley, a professor of political sciences at the University of Melbourne University of Social and Political Sciences, Australia, divides leaders into "Front-Runnership" and Bet365 app download "Substantive Leadership"。He further distinguishes "leaders" into cooperative leaders and competitive leaders，The former refers to a pioneer in a certain field or the most of the people who do more intended to establish an example to attract others to follow or generate cooperation and collective action，The latter does not hesitate to sacrifice the interests of others in order to win performance or competition。Competitive leaders may attract followers，and "actual leader" must have followers。

Big powers are always strongly required to bear special responsibilities in global affairs，Also always obtains special rights because of the follow -up，But the standard system that requires or recognizes the responsibility of the great country is obviously missing。The University of Toronto, the School of Monks and Public Policy at the University of Toronto, Steven Bernstein, a professor at the School of Public Policy, pointed out，This lack of British school in the theory of international relations、New realism、Several mainstream schools such as liberalism and constructivism have been in trouble。The lack of responsibility of the big country can be explained as a systematic country and environmental country.、A fragile empirical connection between environmental action and international order maintenance、Unrelated special rights。On the contrary，The institutionalized distribution of environmental responsibility originated from the North -South conflict and continued to be eroded，It becomes Bet365 app download more vague and deviates from the concept of national responsibility。These facts all indicate，It is necessary to reflect on the relationship between the relationship between the great power and the special rights and responsibilities that have important systemic impact problems involved in the environment。The United States wants to dominate the world climate policy，Not only must you consider environmental factors，and consider the economy、geopolitics and national security factors。Former US Secretary of State、James A. Baker, Honorary Chairman of the Baker Research Institute of Rice University, believes，If the American climate policy is designed proper，You can use major strategic opportunities to change the vulnerability of its country。They think，Climate change is the most important foreign policy challenge，Any feasible solution requires all major countries to act。Only the climate alliance led by the United States can gather enough economic forces to force China、India and other major economies participate in it。

　　Reflection in the global climate governance model

The "Kyoto Protocol" in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015 were based on voluntary basis，This will trigger a "ride" behavior that weakens the effect of the agreement。Nobel Prize winner、William Nordhaus, Professor of Economics at Yale University in Yale University, believes，Governments of various countries have always used a defective architecture when trying to conclude a climate change treaty。He suggests，Countries bet365 best casino games need to re -define the connotation of the climate agreement，and instead the existing mode with incentives with incentives。According to the new plan，If countries accept the club model and agree to punish the countries that do not participate，So，The disadvantages of "taking a car" in the International Climate Agreement can be avoided。Based on this，He proposed，The operation of the climate club requires two major characteristics: first, the participating countries must be designed to meet the climate goals and have consistent emission reduction indicators.。David Held, a professor of politics and international relations at Duoren University in the United Kingdom, and Charles Roger, assistant professor at the Barcelona Institute of International Relations, will "Paris Models" and with climate governance and The previous "Kyoto Model" and "Copenhagen Mode" compared。They think，Different measures taken in the field of global climate management are different，But all have their corresponding advantages and disadvantages。"Paris Model" has new progress compared to the previous model，But the elements of the early mode fused。The lesson provided by the Kyoto mechanism is not feasible to set up compulsory emission reduction indicators from top to bottom，The failure of the Copenhagen Conference is due to the rigid emission reduction indicator、The unanimous emission reduction goals after 2012 and the huge differences between the Annex I of the United Nations Climate Change bet365 Play online games Framework Convention and the Non -Affiliated One Country。Director of the Institute of Grand, the Institute of Grand, the School of Political Economics and Economics, London, England、Associate Professor Robert Falkner of International Relations believes，The success of the Paris Agreement lies in creating the overall framework of autonomous and flexible，But its climate policy must accept international verification。The Paris Agreement has changed the compulsory distribution system of "top -down" before，The independent commitment method of "national independent contribution" resolved the major obstacles in climate negotiations，But did not completely turn the climate governance mode into a "bottom -up" governance mode，Instead, create a "soft mutual benefit" mechanism in the "commitment and review" method。

In short，The current research issues and progress of Western global climate governance reflect the reflection of global climate governance dilemma in the West，On the other hand, it reflects the intention of western countries competing for global climate governance leadership。

　　(This article is the State Social Science Foundation Project "Research on the Construction of Global Climate Governance in Paris Times" (18bgj082) phased achievement)

(The author is the dean of the School of International Relations at Tianjin University of Foreign Languages、Professor)