■"Indian Political Bet365 app download" file picture

Strengthen the research on the political systems of different countries and regions in the world，Is an important way to promote the development of comparative politics and regional and national disciplines in my country。India may become the world’s most populous country in 2023，Its rapid economic growth and rising geopolitical importance，The study of its internal political processes should become one of the key focuses of comparative politics and regional and country studies。Published by China Social Sciences Press、"Indian Political Bet365 app download" co-authored by Xie Chao, associate researcher at the Institute of International and Area Studies at Tsinghua University, and major domestic experts on Indian studies, is an important achievement in the field of Indian political research。This book starts from the perspective of political science，While introducing the main contents of the contemporary Indian political Bet365 app download，Also conducted theoretical thinking on its development trends and influencing factors。

　"Indian Political Bet365 app download" on the President in the Indian Political Bet365 app download、Parliament、Federal executive agencies、Judicial Bet365 app download、Party Bet365 app download、Central-local relations、Comprehensive analysis of the grassroots Panchayat Bet365 app download，At the same time, I also observed the religion of India、Caste and other important issues affecting the political development of contemporary India，Has the following characteristics。

First，Taking the Indian Constitution as the entry point，Analysis of external sovereignty challenges、Internal split、Under the challenge of religious and linguistic identity，The functions and objectives of India’s political Bet365 app download design after independence。The book not only fully presents the formal institutional arrangements in the contemporary Indian Constitution，And through its formation and original intention、Analysis of target，Displays the dual characteristics of natural evolution and artificial design of the Indian political Bet365 app download。The constitution stipulates the "democratic", "socialist" and "secular" nature of the country，Hope to take a modernization path between communism and capitalism，And keep the newly formed Indian state away from religious interference and conflict。India inherited the British Bet365 app download，Implement parliamentary government，But we also drew on the experience of the United Kingdom and the United States in the formation and power relations of the upper and lower chambers，The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers hold the actual executive power，And ensure the continuity of policy by continuing the civil service Bet365 app download from the British rule。On the relationship between the central and local governments，India adopts a more centralized federal Bet365 app download to achieve a balance between local diversity and national unity，And creatively introduced the clause of "presidential governance" to prevent the central government from losing control of local areas。In terms of the judicial Bet365 app download，India will protect national sovereignty while inheriting the existing Bet365 app download、Maintain judicial independence、Ensuring the basic rights of citizens、Promoting national development and other perspectives，Adjustments to the colonial-era British-Indian judicial Bet365 app download，Unity established、Complete pyramid-style modern judicial Bet365 app download，But it also leaves the conflict between religious personal law and modern civil law。In the process of grassroots autonomy，India’s transformation of traditional village self-government Bet365 app download，Established the modern Panchayat Bet365 app download，And eventually became a formal Bet365 app download in the constitution。

Second，Highlights the process of continuous consolidation of India’s political Bet365 app download with the development of the times，Why and how to stay dynamic in the face of external challenges，Encountered varying degrees of alienation again。For example，Increased political participation has changed the internal composition of parliament，More and more politicians from the bottom enter the parliament，The penetration of money and violence in parliamentary politics has greatly reduced the quality of representative institutions；The continuous differentiation of diverse interests and changes in mobilization methods have led to the expansion of the number of political parties and changes in the party Bet365 app download，Also brought about the decentralization of federal power；The emergence of regionalism forces the division of local administrative divisions based on language to become a basic principle，Federalism becomes more asymmetric，The relationship between the central and local governments is further complicated by the different party systems at the federal and state levels；Interaction between executive and judicial agencies，Promote justice sector activism to play an increasingly important role in governance，This can also be regarded to some extent as the result of the expansion of power and lack of ability of the administrative department，But it also leads to inefficiency in the judicial department；The Panchayat Bet365 app download has greatly improved the transparency of policy formulation and implementation at the grassroots level、Responsiveness，Playing an increasingly active role in grassroots governance，Although its implementation effects in different places are uneven。In contemporary Indian government and political processes，The Indian political Bet365 app download maintains the stability of its external framework and core principles，But its specific operation form is always being adjusted，Even the connotations of words such as "socialism" and "secular" in the Constitution are changing。

　Third，Not only assesses the major achievements of the Indian political Bet365 app download in the process of Indian modernization，Also analyzes the main issues affecting the political development of contemporary India。An analysis of the main issues in contemporary India’s development，Shows us the Indian political and legal Bet365 app download、Organization is a product of the economic and social foundation of India，It also shapes the development of India’s economy and society。India, which is based on the Western democratic political Bet365 app download, has failed to achieve satisfactory results in the fields of economic and social development，Thus greatly weakening the overall performance of this political Bet365 app download。In the opinion of the author of this book，The framers of the Indian Constitution incorporated their imagination of the future national and social order on the basis of the political Bet365 app download。From the perspective of political development，India’s political Bet365 app download has prompted India to basically complete the construction of a nation-state，Transform India as a civilization and geographical concept into India as a modern nation-state concept。The principles of democracy are consolidated，Political participation continues to expand，State power expands to previously marginalized groups。Meanwhile，India’s political Bet365 app download has maintained sufficient resilience，Continuously adjust to adapt to the development of the times。But，The book also clearly states，Relatively free and fair competitive electoral Bet365 app download、Power structure of separation of powers、Independent judicial Bet365 app download，These are considered institutional factors to achieve clean politics in developed countries，Failure to curb ubiquitous corruption in India，Corruption spreads from bureaucracy into party politics and electoral politics；The traditional social structure, especially the caste structure, has not disappeared in the process of modernization，Instead, it has become a new form of political mobilization embedded in the modern political process，Bringing Indian politics to nepotism、Characteristics of the prevalence of identity politics。The framework of religion-state relations in the constitution and political practice does not address the relationship between state and religion in India，Hindu nationalism based on religious-racial nationalism has penetrated into the country’s formal institutions in recent years、Public opinion and ideology，Rewriting the model of how democracy works in India and the identity of a “secular” state。

Currently，The research on Indian domestic government and politics in our country’s academic circles is still relatively backward，The reference book for similar teaching in domestic academic circles is the book "Research on Indian Political Bet365 app download" edited and published by Lin Liangguang and others in 1995。The publication of "Indian Political Bet365 app download" can contribute new knowledge to the academic community、Provide new ideas。The most valuable thing is，The book also discusses some very important aspects of the Indian political Bet365 app download that have received little attention but are very important。For example，Chapter 5 of the book discusses the presidential Bet365 app download in India，Analysis of the president and prime minister as heads of state、The subtle power relationship between administrative departments；How the president’s personal characteristics and the constitutional crisis lead to changes in the use of presidential power。Chapter 8 of the book discusses the Panchayat Bet365 app download in India，analyzed this Bet365 app download and party politics、How the interaction between institutions such as caste reservation policies affects the performance of basic governance。

Due to the pursuit of both intellectual and academic aspects，"Indian Political Bet365 app download" also has certain limitations，The academic nature of each chapter varies，Some chapters are too descriptive or too analytical。Although the book tries to focus on the Constitution，However, there is also the problem of relatively inconsistent style in the structure of each chapter。For example，To justice、Introduction to federalism and panchayat Bet365 app download，Reviewed the evolution of the Bet365 app download in history，And legislation、Administration、Justice、The party Bet365 app download starts from the arrangements in the constitution after independence；To the presidential Bet365 app download、The introduction of the Panchayat Bet365 app download is based on the provisions in the constitution-real practice-questions and logical thinking，Opposing legislation、Justice、The introduction of the administrative Bet365 app download is based on the provisions in the Constitution-the logical development of the Bet365 app download characteristics；The introduction to political parties and the federal Bet365 app download is based on the provisions in the Constitution—the logic of the analytical perspective of Bet365 app download evolution。The last chapter of the book provides an in-depth analysis of the main issues affecting the political development of contemporary India，Provides beginners and researchers of the Indian political Bet365 app download with an important perspective on observing Indian politics，But the connection between these issues and the political Bet365 app download does not seem to be covered by the existing space。But the flaws do not hide the advantages，Publication of "Indian Political Bet365 app download"，It fills the gap of insufficient reference textbooks in the teaching and research of Indian political Bet365 app download in China in the past two decades。The development of comparative politics and regional country studies，Inseparable from the mastery and accumulation of basic knowledge，Based on the basics is the starting point of research and innovation。

　(The author is a professor at the School Bet365 app download and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies University)