In the field of academic research，Although classical geopolitical theory is named "Classical"，But it does not mean that it has been buried in the old paper pile or sealed in the museum。On the contrary，In international political reality，Its influence still cannot be underestimated，Especially for the shaping of US foreign policy after World War II, play an important role。

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Classical geopolitical theory by Alfred Mahan、Halford McGust and Nicholas Specman and other British and American scholars successively constructed to complete，Absorbing some of the perspectives of Classical geopolitical in the German mainland。From the end of the 19th century to the late World War II，This theory has generally undergone three development stages。

The first stage is the "sea rights theory"。At this stage，Ma Han discovered the importance of sea power to the rise and fall of the great power and the world hegemony。At the same time，The proposition of "the confrontation between the sea power and the land power" also proposed，It constitutes two basic arguments for classical geopolitical views。

The second stage is Mai Jinde's "Hub Belt Theory"。Mai Jinde believes，The hub area located in the bet365 live casino games hub of Eurasia has a decisive impact on the world hegemony。Because most of the hubs were controlled at that time, the Russian Empire，Therefore, he tried to further emphasize the serious threat of the Russian Empire to the British world hegemony by demonstrating the importance of demonstrating the hub area。With the change of the international political situation，The real foundation of the hub band theory begins to collapse。So，McGone also proposed the enhanced version and amendment of the hub ground band theory，This time he tried to incorporate Germany into the heart，This demonstrates the threat of Germany to control the heart of the heart to the British world hegemony，to cater to British anti -German emotions during World War I.。

The third stage is Specman's "edge band theory"。At this stage，The main practitioners of classical geopolitical theories have changed from Britain to the United States。Specman's expansion on the edge of Eurasia during World War II during World War II，Emphasize the importance of the edge of East East East and West ends to the world hegemony。So，He advocates that the United States will strengthen the impact and control on the edge zone。

　　The characteristics of classical geopolitical theory

During the long -term evolution,，Classical geopolitical theory has gradually formed the following features。One is the British and American standard。This theory stands mostly from the position of the UK and the United States to observe and analyze bet365 live casino games the international situation，Delivery and suggestions for the maintenance and expansion of British and American interests and power。

The second is the supreme sea power。This theory thinks，Maritime hegemony is both a percentage and exclusive，It is also the only way to the world hegemony。Britain and the United States must firmly grasp your own maritime hegemony，Strictly prevent and suppress the action of the development of sea power in other countries。

Third is the two points of sea and land。This theory divides the world into the two opposition camps of the sea power and the power of the power power，Not only does the difference between the two to the height of the confrontation between ideology and good and evil，It also describes the power of the land power as an expansion of the violence。

Fourth is the Eurasian Mainland Center。This theory thinks，Power or power groups that can threaten the British and American world hegemony may only rise in Eurasia，This is also its potential threat source，Therefore。

It can be seen from the above characteristics，In classical geopolitical theory，The international system culture is Hobes'，The international situation is highly nervous，Full of conflict and turmoil;，Big power confrontation becomes the main axis of international political evolution，strength, politics and power logic is popular。Once the classical geopolitical theory is the main domestic ideas and policies of the world's main domestic,bet365 live casino games ，Its worldview may become the reality of international politics。

　　Cognitive misunderstanding of classical geopolitical theory

Criticism of classical geopolitical theories has long been existed，From the perspective of more extensiveness and times，Classical geopolitical theory has the following four cognitive misunderstandings。

First is excessive threat theory。The theory of the hub band was originally vigorously rendered "Russian threat theory"，Emphasizing the Russian Empire has the ambitions and potentials of the Eurasian continent and then dominate the global ambitions。Actually，The expansion of any country is costly、There are risks、Limited。Excessive rendering of the hub band theory，Not only does it indicate that it has a tradition of history of the Russian Empire、Political structure and economic and social lack of understanding，and the law of the rise and fall of the country also lacks basic common sense。

The second is a biased analog method。In McGonet's Hub's Band Theory，The hub area is like a stimulant，Which country has it，Which country will become ambitious，Disposure of everything、Battle。Similarly，In the edge band theory，Spkman expands in the edge of Germany and Japan during World War II，Alclators will seek expansion in the Far East after World War II，This is obviously wrong。The analogy between things should have strict conditions and reasonable reference indicators，But the classical geopolitical bet365 Play online games theory has not considered these，Ignoring the subjectivity of international politics countries，Instant analogy，Conclusions that must be misleaded。

Third is outdated Western experience。Classical geopolitical theory is formed in the historical experience of the expansion and hegemony of modern Western powers，Including expansionism、colonialism、Imperialism、racism and social Darwinism，It is believed that strong national aggression and mergers are reasonable and legal。But this experience is outdated for contemporary and future。On the one hand，The international norm with the "United Nations Charter" as the core has been deeply rooted in people's hearts，Violation of the wishes of other countries to seek expansion，No longer accepted and recognized in international law and international morals。On the other hand，With the widespread rise of sovereignty and nationalism，The expansion of trample on the sovereignty of other countries has become a very high cost and risk behavior，It is tantamount to self -proclaiming for some countries。

Fourth is the domineering power thinking。The main advocates of classical geopolitical theories are British and American maritime hegemony countries，They regard small and medium -sized countries as chess pieces or prey in the confrontation of the power of the power。In its assumption，International affairs should be monopolized by a very small number of powers，Small and medium -sized countries can only bet365 Play online games be used as a vassal，Can't determine your own destiny，There is no right to express their will on international affairs。This domineering power thinking is incompatible with contemporary international political trends。With the continuous establishment and improvement of the United Nations and various international organizations，The right to speak for international affairs in the majority of small and medium -sized countries is increasing。The rise of the group of medium -sized powers and the extensive emergence of "small country and big diplomacy"，highlight the rise of influence in international affairs in small and medium -sized countries。Coupled with the development of democratization of international relations and the development of multi -polarization，Powerful thinking in classical geopolitical theory will definitely lose the mainstream identity of the international community。

　　(This article is the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund Project "Research on the U.S. Interference in the Western Border Affairs of my country" (21yjcgjw003)

(Author Unit: School of Political and Public Management of China University of Political Science and Law)