The “Securitization” Perspective on bet365 champions league Migration
May 11, 2023 09:37 Source: "Chinese bet365 champions league Sciences Journal" Issue 2647, May 11, 2023 Author: Zhang Yadi

There is no universally accepted definition of the term “bet365 champions league”。As defined by the United Nations International Organization for Migration,bet365 champions league is a person who temporarily or permanently leaves a country or crosses an international border for various reasons。Some scholars believe,Refugees should also be included in the category of international immigrants。Types of international migration include international student mobility、Circular bet365 champions league、Flow of foreign workers、Irregular immigrants、Human smuggling and trafficking, etc.。

 How bet365 champions league enter the security agenda

 History,Population movement is relatively free。But since the Westphalian system established the sovereignty of various countries in 1648,European and American countries are gradually introducing immigration laws、Passport and set up customs clearance barriers,The cross-border migration of people will no longer be free,bet365 champions league arise from this。1980s,The disintegration of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia produced large-scale refugee groups: more than 40 million people left their original places of residence,Large-scale refugee flows affect the peace process and national security。Highly mobile and heterogeneous immigrant groups not only threaten the mainstream culture and identity of the receiving country,Also to society、The rationality of economic and political development、Legality Challenged。When a society realizes that it is threatened by externally challenging identities,It will produce a stronger sense of social insecurity。Barry Buzan defines social security as the ability of a society to maintain its basic characteristics in a changing environment and under potential or actual threats,i.e. language、Culture、Religion、Sustainability of national identity and customs and traditional patterns。It is this type of “identity crisis” that immigrants bring about。With identity crisis、The rise of concepts such as social security,Traditional discussions about immigrant rights transformed into a kind of “security discourse”。

Entering the 21st century,The "9·11" terrorist attacks made people directly link immigration with terrorist attacks。The U.S. government immediately tightens immigration policy,Enactment of the Homeland Security Act and the “American Visitor” Program,Establishes Department of Homeland Security and strengthens border controls。To this point,The connection between immigration and security is further strengthened。The refugee crisis that began in 2010 once again challenges European politics、Economic and Social Model,Spurred the rise of populism and identity politics in Europe。With the number of immigrants、Type、Flow direction and heterogeneous conflicts are increasing,International migration is gradually recognized as one of the sources of threats to national security。bet365 champions league are gradually being politicized globally and included in the framework of security studies。

  The process of securitization bet365 champions league issues

The “securitization” of international migration is a systemic issue、The process of technically transforming bet365 champions league into security issues。This is an inclusive safety practice、The composite process of safe discourse and continuous self-reinforcement,Mainly involving securitization actors、Audience、Three elements of existential threat。The securitization process of international migration issues can be divided into three stages。

The first stage,Attention、Manufacturing Connection。Securitization actors use public resources or use their voice to continue、Frequently reports on bet365 champions league,Raise the attention of securitized audiences;And through metaphor、Image connection、Frame narratives and other hostile or stereotypical narratives about immigrants;Pairing immigration with insecurity、Terrorism、Crime and other related crimes and regarded as potential generators of social violence and terrorist activities,Thus causing serious prejudice and misunderstanding among the public against immigrants。

Second stage,Constructing threats、Persuade the audience。Securitization actors strategically frame bet365 champions league、Repeating certain words expressing threats and threat urgency frequently to complete the construction of existential threats,Catalyze the audience’s sense of urgency and insecurity,Finally succeeded in convincing the audience,To gain legitimacy to securitize bet365 champions league。

The third stage,Take action、Coping with threats。Taking extraordinary measures (such as formulating policies、Use of public resources、Build infrastructure、Carry out diplomatic practice, etc.) to deal with bet365 champions league threats,Marks the start of security。For example,EU in order to strengthen border control,Strive for United Nations authorization to carry out military operations to combat human smuggling,Accelerating the implementation of the European Refugee Action Plan’s refugee quota scheme,Establish emergency mechanism, etc.。

In the process of securitizing bet365 champions league,Securitization Actor、Audience、Immigration,Even the environment in which the elements are located continuously interacts、mutual influence;This cascading situational interaction ultimately forms a safe field,Making the immigration issue more contextual and complicated。

 “De-securitization” bet365 champions league

“De-securitization” is to return security issues to the realm of “normal politics”,That is, using "active security" methods to eliminate "threats" and solve "problems"。Different from other non-traditional security issues,Immigration groups themselves have a considerable degree of subjective initiative,When they feel “implicit discrimination”、It is easy to fall into identity difficulties and national tragedy after it is difficult to get rid of the identity of "other",As a result, they are increasingly inclined to seek a sense of belonging and spiritual comfort in religion,Even towards religious extremism。So,New security issues are about to emerge。Therefore,We must clearly understand the shortcomings of the "over-securitization" or "hyper-securitization" of bet365 champions league。

First,Shaping the self and the other、The antagonistic relationship between indigenous people and immigrant groups,Causing public distrust of immigrants、Suspicion、Doubt and rejection,Ultimately leading to the division of society、The resurgence of populism。Second,Causing social insecurity。The securitization process intentionally amplifies society’s fear of immigrant groups,Reinforces the negative link between bet365 champions league and security,Constructing a society full of insecurities and risks,Streamlined border controls、Threat management and conservative bet365 champions league policy,Ultimately creating an unsafe environment and atmosphere。Third,Sacrificing freedom and personal privacy。Government’s speech on citizens、Privacy、Censor and monitor all aspects of social activities and extend information collection tentacles into every corner of daily life,Not only constitutes a violation of the freedom and human rights of minority groups,It also damages the human rights of citizens、Freedom and Privacy,Even threatens the very foundation of Western democracy。

As mentioned above,The securitization thinking and practice that regards immigrants as a threat is not only unhelpful in resolving the immigration crisis,On the contrary, it will accelerate the spread of the immigration crisis。For this,We should look for a “de-securitization” path to build a global mechanism、Carry out dialogue and cooperation,Remove bet365 champions league from threat defense discourse。For this,We must do: first,Resolve opposition and conflict,Promote the natural integration of immigrants。Western cognition based on competitive identity,Considering the “other” as an unspoken threat。Chinese culture views differences positively,Emphasis on "harmony",If we are the same, we will not continue”。Chinese culture considers different cultures、Nationalities can live in harmony、Harmonious but different。Only to strengthen the integration of immigrants,Promote exchanges between cultures,This is the long-term solution to the immigration problem。The social integration of international immigrants is related to the stability of the entire society and the improvement of governance capabilities,Correctly view the differences among immigrant groups,Contributes to improving the systemic nature of diversified immigration governance,Create a free, open and inclusive immigration ecological environment。

Secondly,Promote global peace and development。War、Conflict and instability are the root causes of the sharp increase in the number of refugees。The serious polarization that has emerged in the process of globalization is also one of the main reasons for the increase in the number of immigrants。The imbalance of global social development is becoming increasingly prominent,Cross-border migration is one of the visual reflections of global inequality,Also reflects happiness、Freedom、Safety、Opportunity、Income、Wealth、Business and Employment Opportunities、Individual and group life、One of the visual indicators of global inequality in power and prestige。Therefore,Promoting global peace and development can fundamentally solve the bet365 champions league problem。

Finally,Strengthen international collaboration and cooperation。The phenomenon of migration itself is transnational,No country can solve the immigration problem on its own。Countries should harness the power of multilateralism,Strengthen bilateral relations、Regional Cooperation,Helping immigrants integrate into the destination country,Promote normal migration,Promote country of origin、Transit country、Cooperation between destination countries,Consolidate cooperation mechanisms to address existing and future immigration challenges to jointly address bet365 champions league。

In short,The accelerated flow of international migration in the context of globalization,Not only adds many non-traditional security issues to international security research,At the same time, it also brings many new challenges to the international community。Therefore,Integration of international immigrants、Development and governance will be important issues facing the country in the new era。This also highlights the diversified bet365 champions league governance system、Open and free social environment、Complete bet365 champions league governance framework、The importance and necessity of rational bet365 champions league policy and international cooperation。

(The author is a lecturer bet365 champions league School of Journalism, Chongqing University)

Editor: Cui Cen
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