Since the establishment of the first-level discipline of “Regional and National Studies” in September 2022，Discussions and meetings in this regard、Activities are in full swing。Under this "hot" trend，bet365 code particularly important to do some "cold" thinking。

　　A bet365 code science orientation

“Regional bet365 code Research” as a Knowledge Production Activity，In essence, it is a bet365 code’s intellectual inquiry about the external world。The emergence of the term "social science" is quite recent，Social science research has developed various orientations。With different fields of knowledge，Gradually developed into various disciplines of modern social science，The study of the development of political phenomena is political science，Studying the development of economic phenomena as economics，The study of the development of social phenomena is sociology，In addition, there is history、Linguistics、Anthropology、Religious Studies、International Relations, etc.，Become the various disciplines of humanities and social sciences。Looking at the overall evolution process，The various disciplines of humanities and social sciences have gradually increased through a sub-discipline、The process of increasingly detailed division of subjects，This development has its benefits，There are also disadvantages。Continuously divide human knowledge，Resulting in excessive segmentation of knowledge，The criticism in some countries is that “knowing more and more，In fact, there are fewer and fewer”，I have to say that it makes sense，Should attract the attention and attention of contemporary scholars。

Regional bet365 code are another orientation in social sciences。It does not focus on the different fields mentioned above，Instead, specific regions and countries are used as research objects，Including the politics of various regions or countries、Economy、Society、History、Culture、External relations, etc.。To achieve awareness of these different aspects，It is necessary to use various disciplines of humanities and social sciences to gain perspective on various aspects of a country or a region，So as to obtain some overall understanding through integration。Through this approach，People achieve understanding and grasp of a specific country or region。The level of understanding may vary，The degree of understanding may vary，But this need for understanding is common to all countries in the world、Common。

Such academic exploration cannot be accomplished by relying on a single discipline。The research or knowledge production of a certain country or region from the perspective of a certain humanities and social science discipline，What we can grasp is a certain part of the research object。This is because，Any specific region or country，Everyone has politics、Economy、Society、Culture、History、Diplomacy, etc.，Need different disciplinary perspectives、Use different subject expertise to explore these different aspects。It is in this sense，We say that regional bet365 code are a research orientation in social sciences。In the stricter sense of the term “discipline”，Regional country studies itself is not a “discipline” of social sciences。Then，How should we view the name “regional and national studies”？

　　bet365 code "the study of big countries" and also the study of small and medium-sized countries

Regional country research is a research orientation。The name of this research orientation，China has recently experienced a transition from “regional bet365 code” to “regional bet365 code”。After "Regional and National Studies" becomes a first-level discipline，No matter for the cultivation of higher-level talents，It is still the construction of China’s independent discipline knowledge system，will bring new support and development。Currently，Domestic universities are increasingly enthusiastic about carrying out regional bet365 code，This is of great benefit to promoting subject development and talent cultivation。But，The difficulties facing the field of regional bet365 code cannot be ignored。Regional bet365 code as an orientation in social sciences，It has its own internal rules。Follow its rules，Only then can we develop better。

Some scholars proposed，“Regional bet365 code” is “the study of great powers”，But for any country，It is necessary to understand and master the external world，No matter how big or small the country is，This is the case。Of course，For a big country，Because of its wider field of view，Broader interests，This is even more true。In this sense，Regional bet365 code are “the study of great powers”，It is also a study for small and medium-sized countries。

　The need to understand the outside bet365 code

Historical perspective，Carry out research on other regions，It is inseparable from the shift from loose connections to close connections between various regions in the world。Not to mention the distant ones，Since the “Geographical Discovery” in the 15th century，The rapid expansion of the capitalist world market dominated by European powers，Various previously isolated regions around the world are increasingly connected into an organic whole。After the end of World War II，With beauty、The rise of the Soviet Union (especially the United States) as a superpower，This process continues to gain momentum。In the historical context of what later generations called "globalization"，Politics between regions、Economy、The deepening of cultural exchanges makes promoting the understanding of external regions a basic knowledge need for a country，“Regional bet365 code” thus naturally appeared。

　As far as Western countries are concerned，As a pioneer in the global market，With the expansion of the capitalist system around the world and the advancement of colonial activities，In English、European colonial powers represented by France and others need to improve their understanding of the vast non-European regions，To serve colonial development activities。In this process，Certain specific groups of people play a key role。First, the missionary community。With the "Geographical Discovery" and the gradual formation of the global system，A large number of Western missionaries go to vast unknown areas。For missionary purposes in the target country，Missionaries first need to learn the language of the local country，Understand its history and culture，And then communicate with the locals，Carry out missionary activities。In this process，The missionary group objectively promoted the early "regional country research"。In addition，Charity、Educator、Doctors and other social organizations and individuals also played an objective role in promoting the development of early "regional bet365 code"。In other words，As Western powers carry out colonial activities in other parts of the world，Numerous missionaries、Doctor、Government officials、Educator，Even members of charitable organizations come to other parts of the world in various ways，They observed the local area from all sides、Record、Research，formed the first-hand information of early “regional country research”。It is inevitable that there will be mud and sand in it，Factual description intertwined with subjective assumptions，But it still has important reference value for us to understand how Westerners see the world。Sinological studies in many European countries and what people later called Chinese studies，This is how it developed。

As far as China is concerned，Same thing。After many years of seclusion during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，In modern times, under the impact of external forces, the Chinese people have re-opened their eyes to see the world，Write down what you saw, heard and thought after walking，Reflects their understanding of the outside world。Compiled by contemporary people、The "Going to the World Series" published after editing reflects how modern Chinese people view the world，There is a mixture of correctness and error，Insights and misunderstandings intertwined，Reflects the level of understanding of people at that time。Modern and contemporary times are more proactive、Active and even organized research activities on the world，bet365 code’s all kinds of “upgraded versions”。For example，The larger "Contemporary China" series is China's classified account of its own development since 1949。

In short，Let’s talk about the birth and development of “regional bet365 code”，The principles are the same at home and abroad，All stem from the need to understand and grasp the external world。It may be a relatively pure intellectual exploration，It may be driven by the situation，Politics serving specific historical conditions、Economy、Social development purpose。Research activities driven by these two motivations have produced very representative academic results。There is a lot of intellectual exploration，There are more situation-driven products，But not as good as the previous one that can withstand the test of time。Many academic achievements that “get straight to the point” and are closely related to the situation，Cannot stand the test of time，Once the incident has passed、It will become obsolete and lose value after the situation changes。Stand the test of time，It is those "universal" extracted from the specific or "particular"，That is, an understanding of certain universal significance。

For example, the cultural theory of anthropologist Clifford Geertz，Extracted from his in-depth study of Java and Bali，Thereby establishing his own cultural theory。He thinks，The analysis of culture is not an experimental science seeking laws，bet365 code an interpretive science that explores meaning。The so-called cultural analysis is the speculation of meaning，Valuing these speculations，Then draw explanatory conclusions from better guesses。He believes that his "deep description" work is microscopic，But this does not mean that there is no impact on society as a whole、Civilization、Large-scale anthropological explanations for world events。The typical anthropologist’s method is to start from such a perspective，That is, to understand extremely small things in an extremely expanded way，Finally reaching a broader explanation and a more abstract analysis。The Geertz cultural theory established thus is of more general significance、Profound，It has stood the test of time，bet365 code still cited repeatedly by academic circles many years later。

It seems like this，We should "walk on two legs"，But what should be more focused on is knowledge-based regional and bet365 code research。

　　(The author is a professor at the Institute of International bet365 code, Fudan University)